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Interferon-gamma (IFN- ) expressing T-helper lymphocytes have been hypothesized to play a central role in idiopathic granuloma annulare (GA) pathogenesis, leading to constitutive Janus kinase-Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway activation.[1] Here, we report three cases of immunotherapy-associated GA that exhibit JAK-STAT activation on immunohistochemistry, suggesting a potential shared mechanism with sporadic GA. Granulomatous/sarcoid-like lesions associated with checkpoint inhibitors: a marker of therapy response in a subset of melanoma patients. While patient 3 developed GA prior to treatment with pembrolizumab, it is interesting to note that she had a significant worsening of GA during treatment with pembrolizumab. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a rare case of morpheaform sarcoidosis, a type of cutaneous sarcoidosis, in a 16-year-old Indian girl. The girl presented with multiple well-defined erythematous to hyperpigmented indurated plaques arranged in a linear pattern on her right forearm, arm, thigh, and leg. The lesions resembled morphea, but histopathology revealed the presence of non-caseating granulomas, leading to a diagnosis of morpheaform sarcoidosis. This is the first reported case of morpheaform sarcoidosis from the Indian subcontinent. The article emphasizes the importance of considering sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of indurated skin lesions to prevent complications. [Extracted from the article]

Although the pathogenesis of GA is not fully understood, the inhibition of T lymphocytes by MMF likely leads to a reduction in the inflammatory response that underlies GA lesions. Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign inflammatory condition with an etiology that is not fully understood. [Extracted from the article]

The right eyebrow nodule was surgically removed, and the anatomopathological examination was identical to the previous one; mycobacteriological culture was negative whereas I Cutibacterium acnes i was isolated on bacteriological cultures. Anatomopathological examination of the forehead lesion disclosed multiple epithelioid and giant-cell granulomas with central necrosis and Langhans giant cells in the dermis layer (Fig. Dear Editor, A 75-year-old woman with a negative medical history was admitted to the hospital for a nodule of the glabella, then of the right eyebrow arch, mandible, and preauricular area (Fig. [Extracted from the article]

Based on the clinical and histological findings, a diagnosis of extrafacial granuloma faciale (GF) was made. Dear Editor, A previously healthy 76-year-old Caucasian male was referred to our outpatient clinic because of an isolated, skin-colored plaque on the occipital area of the scalp, growing centrifugally. [Extracted from the article]

Granuloma faciale (GF) is a rare inflammatory skin disorder of unknown etiology, which can cause severe cosmetic impairment.[1] GF presents as asymptomatic, solitary or multiple, erythematous nodules and/or plaques, nearly always limited to the face.[[1], [3]] Due to delayed diagnosis, with delays of up to 15 years reported, the disease may gradually/eventually progress to disseminated or extrafacial GF.[2] Herein, we report an unusual case of GF with extensive lesions (covering 70% of the facial area) and extrafacial involvement, a condition which has rarely been described. Granuloma faciale (GF) is an idiopathic cutaneous disorder of unknown etiology, predominantly affecting the face but may infrequently appear on the trunk, scalp, or extremities.[1] GF usually manifests as localized, well-delimited plaques and nodules at one single site. This suggests that it is still necessary to increase vigilance against the disease and perform skin biopsies on any chronic erythematous plaques or nodules for early diagnosis, so as to avoid the serious consequences of disease progression. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a case study of 62-year-old woman who was referred for the suspicion of cutaneous sarcoidosis. Topics discussed include diagnosis of cutaneous sarcoidosis after Hodgkin lymphoma; medical history of stage IIA HL of the left abdominal para-iliac chains; and giant cell granulomas without necrosis or foreign bodies revealed in ultrasound-guided needle biopsy.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas. Its etiology remains obscure. A plausible hypothesis suggests that a complex interplay of host factors, infectious processes, and non-infectious environmental factors, matched with a susceptible genetic background, results in a pathway that leads to systemic granulomatous inflammation. Although presentations of sarcoidosis vary enormously, multi-organ involvement is a common feature. Cutaneous involvement occurs in about 25% of patients with protean manifestations and variable prognoses. Skin manifestations are divided into specific lesions with histopathologically evident non-caseating granulomas and nonspecific lesions arising from a reactive process that does not form granulomas. A peculiar form of cutaneous sarcoidosis is represented by sarcoidal lesions at sites of trauma that has caused scarring. The pathogenesis of scar sarcoidosis remains unknown. Scar sarcoidosis is also associated with herpes zoster infection, surgery, and tattooing. Such heterogeneous events, along with those at the sites of chronic lymphedema, thermal burns, radiation dermatitis, and vaccinations, occur on areas of vulnerable skin labeled 'immunocompromised districts'. Numerous options are available for the treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis. Although corticosteroids remain the treatment of choice for initial systemic therapy, other nonsteroidal agents have proven effective and therefore useful for long-term management. Tumor necrosis factor- α antagonists such as infliximab may have a role in the treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis, especially in refractory cases that are resistant to standard regimens. Elucidation of the relationship of sarcoidal granulomas with malignancy and immunity may facilitate a better understanding of some pathomechanisms operating in neoplastic and immunity-related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Sarcoidosis is a multi-system granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. The skin is involved in 25% of cases. Studies on cutaneous sarcoidosis from our region are lacking. Objectives This study was conducted to describe clinical and histopathologic findings in all patients diagnosed with cutaneous sarcoidosis at the American University of Beirut Medical Center between 1992 and 2010 and to compare findings with those published in the literature. Methods Clinical charts of patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis were retrospectively reviewed. Extracutaneous lesions were classified by organ involvement. Treatment was documented. Pathology specimens were reviewed. Results Cutaneous sarcoidosis was diagnosed in 76 Lebanese patients, 79% of whom were women. Mean age at diagnosis was 48 years. A total of 29% of patients had systemic disease that was commonly associated with lupus pernio lesions and subcutaneous sarcoidosis. The most common cutaneous lesions were sarcoidal plaques. The histopathologic features in our series did not differ from those described in the literature, except for the documented presence of a grenz zone. Interestingly, 23% of biopsy specimens contained perineural granulomas, raising the possibility of tuberculoid or borderline tuberculoid leprosy. Foreign bodies were detected in 10% of cases (all had systemic involvement), supporting the opinion that sarcoidosis and granulomatous foreign body reaction are not mutually exclusive. Conclusions The clinical and histopathologic features of cutaneous sarcoidosis patients in the present series are generally comparable with those published in the literature, with minor differences. Clinically, the most commonly seen lesion was plaque. Microscopically, cutaneous sarcoidosis may exhibit a grenz zone and may show perineural inflammation and foreign bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]