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• A two-layer energy management strategy based on fuzzy control for high-speed railway hybrid energy storage system is proposed. • Discharge threshold can be adaptively adjusted with power and lifespan of hybrid energy storage system. • The energy management system intelligently allocates power according to the state of charge of each subsystem and the traction power. • This strategy reduces the average energy extraction power and extends the life of the energy storage system. In order to extend the service life of the high-speed railway hybrid energy storage system and reduce the power shock impact of the traction network, an energy management strategy based on double-layer fuzzy logic control is proposed. This strategy can dynamically adjust the discharge threshold according to the external power and the remaining life of the energy storage system, and dynamically allocate power according to the real-time state of charge. At the same time, the strategy uses the rain flow counting method to complete the extraction of the depth of discharge and establishes an equivalent life evaluation model. The simulation results show that this energy management strategy can effectively reduce the frequency and depth of charging and discharging, and reduce the load impact of the traction network. Compared with the threshold-based energy management strategy, the life loss of this method can be reduced by more than 50%, which effectively improves the service life of the energy storage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]