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• A hierarchical approach is proposed considering quartile method for optimization. • Proposed CEEMDAN-DMD can regress the energy based on pre-set energy proportion. • Proposed hierarchical allocation strategy can be used for severe power volatility. The development of renewable energy dominated power system and the integration of large-scale wind-storage energy system are inevitable trends of the future society. This paper developed a new methodology of hierarchical power allocation strategy considering wind power fluctuation. A novel idea is presented that fully considers the fluctuation and energy proportion. Based on the Quartile Method (QM) and Hampel-Savitzky Golay (HSG) strategy, a layered-based method that considers the volatility interval to effectively overcome the limitations of a single strategy caused by severe volatility interval is proposed. Then, an improved power division method based on Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is proposed where CEEMDAN is used to decompose the Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) of the remaining fluctuations. Furthermore, according to the required setting of energy proportion, DMD strategy is used for power fitting of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS). Through experimental verification, the hierarchical strategy proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the probability of severe volatility interval or distortion interval and ensure the sequence in the ideal interval. Moreover, the proposed CEEMDAN-DMD strategy can realize the power division according to the energy proportion demand. In model verification, the volatility improvement ζλ 1 min = 85.4766%. Set the energy demand ≥ 80%, the fitting energy proportion accounts for 87.7533%, which outperforms the traditional power division method. In addition, it is demonstrated that the theoretical method proposed in this paper is reliable and promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A multi-VPP energy-sharing model is proposed based on GNB theory. • The network transmission cost encourages the consumption of renewable energy nearby. • The non-convex GNB-based model is divided into two sub-problems by transformation. • A distributed method based on the fast-ADMM is developed. • A contributing factor for profit distribution is applied to endorse renewable energy. The benefits of small-scale renewable energy resources are restricted by a feed-in-tariff strategy that works with distribution grids only. Virtual Power Plant (VPP) aggregates diverse distributed energy resources on the demand side for efficient control, which can improve their revenue and encourage the growth of renewable energy. Based on the general Nash bargaining theory, this paper proposes a multi-VPP energy-sharing mechanism. This approach enables VPPs to increase their revenue by engaging in peer-to-peer energy transactions. First, a general Nash bargaining-based model is proposed for multi-VPPs energy sharing considering peer-to-peer energy transactions. The model is then decomposed into two subproblems: minimizing the total cost of the VPP energy-sharing alliance, and the cost allocation of peer-to-peer energy transactions. Considering the privacy protection of VPPs, the first subproblem is solved by a distributed algorithm based on the alternating direction multiplier method. In the second subproblem, due to the introduction of a bargaining factor that is positively related to each VPP's contribution to energy sharing alliance, the cost allocation better reflects their contribution. The numerical test demonstrates the proposed energy-sharing mechanism, with little computational complexity, delivers a cost distribution result that is comparable to the classical Shapley value while promoting the development of renewable energy resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restructuring of the electricity industry and the development of energy efficiency solutions are the two major developments of the recent power systems. Implementation strategies in the use of energy efficiency can be made by utilizing more energy-efficient equipment or increasing penetration rate of production of new sources of energy at the generating side. These new sources of energy can be renewable sources, especially wind resource and energy storage instruments such as grid-connected electric vehicles. The vehicles can be charged during the low load and discharged during peak load. In this study, wind resources and grid-connected electric vehicles are considered as an approach for energy efficiency strategies in generation expansion planning. But, because of high investment cost, great uncertainty of wind resources’ productivity and uncertainty of their supportive policies no one will invest on them without proper supportive policies in a competitive environment. So support policies for wind resource are also considered. One of the fundamental problems of supportive policies is financial support in a competitive environment. Therefore, as an innovation of the paper, grid-connected electric vehicles is used to solve the problem. In the paper, the impact of these vehicles is considered in a way that they act integrated with wind resources and thus increases the capacity factor of wind resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]