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The integration of wind turbines and wind farms into the power grid presents significant challenges, including the variable and uncertain nature of wind power, the need for efficient transmission and distribution of power, and the need for advanced control and monitoring systems. Recent advances in wind turbine and wind farm technology have greatly improved their ability to integrate into the power grid. This includes the use of variable speed generators and power electronics, such as inverters, which allow for more accurate control of the power output and better alignment with the grid's frequency. Additionally, advanced control algorithms, such as model predictive control and feedback linearization, have been developed to improve the stability and reliability of wind power systems. Communication systems have also been integrated into wind power systems to allow for real-time monitoring and control of the wind farm's performance. This improves the ability of the wind farm to provide ancillary services, such as frequency regulation and voltage control. In this work, the major interconnection requirements for the U.S. grid for the expected mass integration of wind farms were discussed focusing on sustainable and reliable control strategies. The paper explores various control schemes that are used for providing response for grid reliability and sustainability. The analysis also included the future steps that OEMs of wind turbines need to take and the regulatory framework that is needed for ancillary services to provide an equitable platform for all generating units – conventional and renewables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ancillary services play a significant role in ensuring stable operation of power systems in the growing penetration of renewable energy. Some of the important functions for ancillary support include voltage support, frequency support, and system restoration. This work highlights the possibility of relevant ancillary support from wind power and investigates how such services will impact from an economic point of view. A crucial aspect of ancillary services from wind power relates to tailored and dynamic information about the conditional power production from the turbines and wind parks which could be obtained through accurate wind power forecasting. The study of the impact of forecast accuracy and correlation in errors on the possibility for wind power to provide ancillary services is analyzed. Furthermore, the limitations and challenges associated with the technical capabilities of wind turbines to support such services are reviewed and presented. An initial qualitative assessment of the value of providing such services is carried out and the capabilities combined with electricity market data from Nord Pool taking an example of the western region of Denmark is discussed. The result of this work shows that enhancing ancillary services from wind power combined with more accurate wind forecasting has a positive financial impact on wind power market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the benefits of an offshore wind transmission backbone grid for the east coast of the United States are discussed. It is explained why this is a more structured approach than a traditional radial grid where each wind farm project has its own export cable connection onshore. In this study, it was revealed that following an individualistic approach that Europe has followed so far in the wind offshore transmission, strategically, is more costly and time-consuming, including long-lasting permission processes. However, States by following a more collectivistic approach and by working synergistically towards implementing a backbone grid, it may be possible to reduce costs and save time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]