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Summary: A series of anion exchange membranes (quaternized chitosan/cation metal‐organic framework [MIL‐X‐QCS]) were prepared via purposeful inserting the cationic metal‐organic framework as the multifunctional filler into quaternized chitosan (QCS). The successful preparation of the anion exchange membrane was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). In this research, we converted the charge‐balanced MOFs skeleton Cr‐MIL‐101 into the cationic metal skeleton (Cr‐MIL‐101)+Cl− by anion stripping, and cooperated with quaternary amine groups to construct a high‐speed OH− transmission channel. The introduction of a rigid MOF structure reduces the water uptake and swelling ratio of the composite membrane by 27% and 37%, respectively. At 80°C, the OH− conductivity of the MIL‐9‐QCS membrane (The composite membrane doped with 9 wt% Cr‐MIL‐101 crystals) reaches 2.30 × 10−2 S·cm−1 and the power density reached its maximum (90.2 mW·cm−2), and the tensile strength reaches 20.12 MPa, which was higher than 18.7 MPa of Nafion‐115 membrane. The spatial network structure of MOFs reduced the methanol permeability of MIL‐9‐QCS membrane by 24% compared with the original QCS membrane. Furthermore, the MIL‐9‐QCS composite membrane exhibited excellent alkali stability, where after being soaked in 2 mol L−1 NaOH solution at 60°C for 240 hours, its OH− conductivity still reached 77% of the initial value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]