9 results
Search Results
2. Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and FOG with sewage sludge - realising its potential in Ireland.
- Author
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Awe, Olumide Wesley, Zhao, Yaqian, Nzihou, Ange, Pham Minh, Doan, and Lyczko, Nathalie
- Subjects
- *
FOOD industrial waste , *FAT , *LUBRICATION & lubricants , *SEWAGE sludge , *RENEWABLE energy sources - Abstract
The severe environmental pollution in many countries is caused by indiscriminate discharge of large quantities of food waste (FW), fat oil and grease (FOG) and sewage sludge (SS) to the environment. There are many possible treatment routes, but anaerobic digestion (AD) is now well accepted for treating several kinds of organic wastes. But AD of FW alone presents some operational challenges because of substrates and variability. Anaerobic co-digestion of two or more substrates is better than single substrate digestion. This can use a plant’s unused capacity, in line with the trend to renewable energy. Co-digestion technology, although well established in many European countries, is still in its infancy in Ireland. There are problems with different regulatory arrangements. They should be resolved. The paper reviews anaerobic co-digestion technology is reviewed, with special focus on possible application in Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Natural gas and CO 2 price variation: impact on the relative cost-efficiency of LNG and pipelines.
- Author
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Ulvestad, Marte and Overland, Indra
- Subjects
- *
NATURAL gas , *CARBON dioxide , *COST effectiveness , *LIQUEFIED natural gas , *LIQUEFIED petroleum gas pipelines , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *CLIMATE change , *PRICE increases - Abstract
This article develops a formal model for comparing the cost structure of the two main transport options for natural gas: liquefied natural gas (LNG) and pipelines. In particular, it evaluates how variations in the prices of natural gas and greenhouse gas emissions affect the relative cost-efficiency of these two options. Natural gas is often promoted as the most environmentally friendly of all fossil fuels, and LNG as a modern and efficient way of transporting it. Some research has been carried out into the local environmental impact of LNG facilities, but almost none into aspects related to climate change. This paper concludes that at current price levels for natural gas and CO2 emissions the distance from field to consumer and the volume of natural gas transported are the main determinants of transport costs. The pricing of natural gas and greenhouse emissions influence the relative cost-efficiency of LNG and pipeline transport, but only to a limited degree at current price levels. Because more energy is required for the LNG process (especially for fuelling the liquefaction process) than for pipelines at distances below 9100 km, LNG is more exposed to variability in the price of natural gas and greenhouse gas emissions up to this distance. If the prices of natural gas and/or greenhouse gas emission rise dramatically in the future, this will affect the choice between pipelines and LNG. Such a price increase will be favourable for pipelines relative to LNG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Carbon sequestration in the semi-arid tropics for improving livelihoods.
- Author
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Wani, S.P., Sahrawat, K.L., Sreedevi, T.K., Bhattacharyya, T., and Rao, Ch. Sreenivasa
- Subjects
- *
CARBON sequestration , *AGRICULTURAL productivity , *SOIL productivity , *CARBON dioxide , *ENVIRONMENTAL quality , *SOIL science - Abstract
This paper reviews the research conducted by ICRISAT and its partners on the role of management systems on carbon sequestration and crop productivity in the semi-arid regions of India. It is now established that apart from water shortages, the dryland productivity is also constrained by low fertility mainly caused by the low organic matter status of most soils. Sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the soil has the potential to achieve the multiple objectives of improving the soil quality and fertility of the semi-arid tropical soils, increasing crop productivity, improving livelihoods and maintaining environmental quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Climate change and carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration: an African perspective.
- Author
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Sengul, M., Pillay, A.E., Francis, C.G., and Elkadi, M.
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE change , *CARBON dioxide , *AIR pollution , *CLIMATOLOGY , *PER capita , *GREENHOUSE gases , *CARBON compounds , *INDUSTRIALIZATION - Abstract
Since 1990 carbon dioxide emissions in Africa have increased by about 50%. The total carbon dioxide emissions of the entire African continent are not, however, anywhere near those of countries such as India or China. Yet certain African countries have per capita emissions comparable to some European countries. What is the outlook for Africa? How should African countries respond as it becomes increasingly likely that climate change is occurring? Increased industrial growth and more foreign investment in Africa, especially in countries that are politically and economically stable, have led to huge commercial developments such as the In Salah gas project in Algeria, which releases more than a million tons of carbon dioxide annually; and synthetic fuel plants and power stations in South Africa that generate more than 350 million tons per year. In this perspective should some African countries be required to limit greenhouse gas emissions or should they be immune to 'environmental taxation'? This paper critically reviews the carbon dioxide problem in some parts of Africa and its role in climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Australia: host for a nuclear waste storage site?
- Author
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Taylor, Geoffrey N.
- Subjects
- *
RADIOACTIVE waste repositories , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *NUCLEAR fuels , *SPENT reactor fuels , *URANIUM oxides , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *CARBON dioxide , *URANIUM enrichment , *ECONOMIC development & the environment - Abstract
With nuclear energy production certain to increase worldwide in the coming decades, long‐term nuclear waste storage and disposal must finally become a reality. Expansion in nuclear energy offers the potential to limit global carbon dioxide emissions in the coming decades of expected growth in demand and supply of electricity worldwide. Australia stands to continue to profit from its role as a major supplier of uranium to the world's nuclear industry. Australia is regarded as a preferred country from a range of perspectives. It is argued that Australia should give serious consideration to hosting an international depository. This paper describes the issues of high level waste management and how they relate to a possible facility in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Detection of greenhouse gases emitted by engines powered by natural gas
- Author
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D.U. Schramm, J.R. Tavares, L.S. Campos, Helion Vargas, M.V. Rocha, Guilherme Lima, and Marcelo Silva Sthel
- Subjects
Ecology ,Waste management ,business.industry ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Environmental engineering ,Gas emissions ,Pollution ,Methane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Natural gas ,Greenhouse gas ,Carbon dioxide ,Environmental science ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,Greenhouse effect ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
The greenhouse effect is a major environmental problem, and a cause of climatic changes. Gas species such as methane and carbon dioxide cause this effect. These substances are mainly produced by Vehicle Natural Gas (VNG, more than 85% methane)‐powered engines, thermoelectric plants, etc. In this paper, we report work by an infrared analyser based on the photo‐acoustic method (URAS) to detect and evaluate the gas emissions from the exhaust of VNG powered taxi cabs in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. This study indicates that VNG powered vehicles constitutes a significant source of greenhouse gases.
- Published
- 2010
8. Climate change and carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration: an African perspective
- Author
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Mirella Elkadi, M. Sengul, C.G. Francis, and Avin Pillay
- Subjects
Industrial growth ,Ecology ,Natural resource economics ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Climate change ,Foreign direct investment ,Carbon sequestration ,Pollution ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Environmental protection ,Greenhouse gas ,Carbon dioxide ,Per capita ,Business ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,China ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
Since 1990 carbon dioxide emissions in Africa have increased by about 50%. The total carbon dioxide emissions of the entire African continent are not, however, anywhere near those of countries such as India or China. Yet certain African countries have per capita emissions comparable to some European countries. What is the outlook for Africa? How should African countries respond as it becomes increasingly likely that climate change is occurring? Increased industrial growth and more foreign investment in Africa, especially in countries that are politically and economically stable, have led to huge commercial developments such as the In Salah gas project in Algeria, which releases more than a million tons of carbon dioxide annually; and synthetic fuel plants and power stations in South Africa that generate more than 350 million tons per year. In this perspective should some African countries be required to limit greenhouse gas emissions or should they be immune to ‘environmental taxation’? This paper critica...
- Published
- 2007
9. Developing a local carbon dioxide emissions inventory based on energy demand and waste production
- Author
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Joana Nascimento, João Gomes, and Helena Rodrigues
- Subjects
Engineering ,Public information ,Energy demand ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Environmental engineering ,Energy planning ,Pollution ,Metropolitan area ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Waste production ,Greenhouse gas ,Carbon dioxide ,Electricity ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
This paper reports the development of a carbon dioxide emissions matrix for the Oeiras municipality, one of the largest Portuguese municipalities, located in the metropolitan area of Lisbon. This matrix takes into account greenhouse gas emissions, caused by an increase of electricity demand in buildings as well as solid and liquid wastes treatment, from the domestic and services sectors. Using emission factors that were calculated from the relationship between the produced energy and amount of treated wastes, greenhouse gas emissions in the Oeiras municipality, were estimated for a time series of six years (1998 to 2003). The results obtained showed that the electricity sector accounts for about 75% of the municipal emissions in 2003. This study constitutes a tool to define sectors for appropriate action, including energy planning and also public information.
- Published
- 2007
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