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The construction of rubble-mound breakwaters on soft sea beds is problematic, but is necessary in many coastal areas. The issues faced include the penetration of the rock particles into the very so...

An anchored soldier pile wall is used for deep excavation stabilisation in the vicinity of buildings which are sensitive to displacement. In the current study, a three-dimensional model of anchored soldier pile wall was created in Abaqus software to estimate displacement and internal forces, especially due to surcharge. The effects of soil type, wall height, spacing of anchors and soldier pile rigidity were analysed. The results indicate that the surcharge had great effect on the wall deformation and the bending moment of the soldier piles; however, the bending moment of the lagging was less influenced by the surcharge.