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Many nations have pledged to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Embarking on the decarbonization journey, they posited geological carbon storage (GCS) as a pivotal technology within the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) framework. The CCUS chain operates to reduce "hard-to-abate" emissions at key sectors by capturing carbon dioxide (CO 2), reusing it, transporting it, or disposing of it via injection into underground geological formations for permanent storage. Despite the global success of GCS ventures, mainly driven by the oil and gas industry, GCS initiatives are still in their early stages in several developing countries. In Brazil, for instance, a full setup covering precise storage capacity databases, potential CCUS clusters, national regulatory structure, and auxiliary computer-aided engineering is underway. Intended to push the frontier in the latter subject, this paper introduces mathematical models for qualifying underground CO 2 storage sites. Our research explores a family of multivariate functionals endowed with underlying reservoir features and distinct weighting functions, thus envisioning two primary objectives. Firstly, it clarifies non-linear interactions between rock and fluid properties using quality indicators. Secondly, it evaluates geographical regions considering structural traps/caprocks settings. Backed by the Matlab Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST) capabilities, the methodology is a subsidiary resource for identifying suitable injection and storage sites. A case study using the UNISIM-I-D model generated dozens of volumetric quality maps that point to unique potential storage sites. Numerical simulation experiments of injection comparing legacy and novel wells reveal storage surpluses improved by up to 50%. The paper seeks to establish foundational knowledge in GCS efficiency for general underground settings. One expects that these outcomes leverage well-repurposing perspectives and stimulate field appraisal actions to scale up GCS projects both in Brazil and worldwide. • Introduction of a family of mathematical functionals for site qualification. • Trap analysis and supercritical gas injection over a Brazilian offshore reservoir model. • Comparison of storage surplus in theoretically-proposed and legacy well locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The questionnaire assessed environmental awareness and knowledge about CCS technology. • The interviews were conducted using a face-to-face approach. • A structured research was employed using an ordinal qualitative scale. • Respondents were aware of the climate change. • Climate change mitigation actions are not a priority for respondents. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is considered an important option to mitigate climate change. However, the success of the new technology does not only depend on engineering practices and techniques but also involves social, political, and economic factors, as well as public acceptance. The discussion about CCS in Brazil is recent and few papers addressing Brazilian public perception and engagement with CCS were found. In this sense, this paper aims to analyze the environmental awareness about climate change and the citizens' perception of CCS technology. A public perception survey was conducted with 800 people in two Brazilian cities. Descriptive statistical techniques combined with hypothesis tests were performed to depict the results and to verify associations between different demographic groups to climate change issues and support for the development of CCS technology in Brazil. The results show that the public is aware of climate change and its consequences. However, despite public support for governmental development and investments in CCS technology, investments to mitigate climate change are not a priority for the population. Only 2% and 5% of interviewed citizens in the cities of São Mateus and Vitória, respectively, considered investments in climate change mitigation as a priority. More than 70% of respondents considered that other social elements, as health, public safety, and job creation, should be prioritized by the Brazilian government. The results suggest that the population needs more information about CCS technology and its impacts. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• BECCS assessment of a power system based on biomass gasification (BIG-CC), integrated into a sugarcane plant. • CO 2 capture by the pre-combustion route has less impact on the sale of surplus electricity. • The CO 2 mitigation cost was estimated at 60 €/tCO 2 for pre-combustion and 52 €/tCO 2 for post-combustion. • The feasibility of CO 2 capture is impacted by the scale and cost of electricity generation. • Conventional cogeneration systems (CEST) are suggested for the first BECCS units. In order to make feasible the efforts that would limit the rise of Earth's temperature to no more than 2 °C, profound changes are required in the energy systems. In this sense, BECCS are considered instrumental to attain possible negative emissions. This draws attention to the sugarcane industry in Brazil, where it is possible to produce fuel ethanol at a relative low cost and a large amount of relatively cheap biomass is available. This paper is part of a research that aims to study the combined production of liquid fuels and electricity, using sustainable sources of biomass and maximizing carbon capture. Two cases related to an innovative technology were evaluated and in both the capture is based on amine technology: pre-combustion capture of CO 2 from the fuel gas derived from biomass gasification, and post-combustion capture from gas turbine exhaust gases. Information from the scientific literature was used in modelling the systems, as well as estimating energy penalties and costs associated with capturing, transporting and storing CO 2. The results indicate technical feasibility of both capture options, but difficulties in setting the full integration of the power unit (BIG-CC) with the sugarcane mill and the CCS system, due to the high demand for thermal energy as low-pressure steam. The estimated CO 2 abatement cost is in the range 60–71 €/tCO 2 for pre-combustion capture, and 52–63 €/tCO 2 in the case of post-combustion. Feasibility results are impacted by the scale of CO 2 capture (0.82–1.44 MtCO 2 /year), particularly in the pre-combustion case, and the relatively high cost of electricity generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) approach is employed for estimating the maturity of CCS System. • A Technology Readiness Assessment (TRA) for a new Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) concept using offshore salt caverns. • A concept system that allows the monetization of the separated natural gas. • A salt cavern for the storage of 1 billion Sm3 (Standard cubic meter) of a natural gas stream with high CO 2 content. This article presents a Technology Readiness Assessment (TRA) of a new concept called the Salt Cavern Hybrid Subsea Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) System, which performs all the offshore natural gas and CO 2 separation process with subsequent storage in offshore underground salt caverns. Currently there is a demand for CCS of large quantities of CO 2 associated with CH 4 in the pre-salt offshore oil fields in Brazil. The pre-salt reservoirs have as caprock 2000 m of continuous rock salt. This hybrid system is expected to perform, at the same time, the separation between the natural gas and CO 2 , and Carbon Capture and Storage of CO 2 , allowing the monetization of the separated natural gas. The Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) approach is discussed in this paper for estimating the maturity of the CCS System. The TRL analysis concluded that no technological gaps were identified that would made the project unfeasible and the TRL level enables the project to advance to the field test stage within a reasonably short time horizon. Once implemented it could be one of the largest CCS projects in the world. Also, this paper describes the conceptual design of this hybrid system and presents the results of a TRA showing the methodology that was employed in the process, the technology critical items that were analyzed and the results obtained for each of them and the design of a salt cavern for the storage of 1 billion Sm3 (Standard cubic meter) of a natural gas stream with high CO 2 content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]