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With the development of energy technology, hydrogen is gradually becoming widely used. China is also rapidly developing its own hydrogen energy industry in an effort to accomplish the "dual carbon target'. Hydrogen from methane is one of the mainstream sources, of which hydrogen from methane cracking is the decomposition of methane into hydrogen and solid carbon, with the solid carbon also having a high economic value. In particular, this technology does not emit carbon dioxide, which is very friendly to the environment, but it cannot avoid larger energy consumption. In contrast, hydrogen production from methane cracking driven by solar energy not only combines the characteristics of no CO 2 emission, but also greatly reduces the consumption of primary energy, which is the future development trend of hydrogen production from methane. This paper provides a brief overview of the various technological pathways for methane to hydrogen production in the context of China's actual development, focusing on the current status of the development and application of solar methane cracking to hydrogen production technologies at home and abroad. Among them, this paper mainly discusses the characteristics of solar reactors of different sizes and structures, and summarizes the results of related optimization studies. Meanwhile, the application of catalysts in solar reactors and the problem of carbon deposition are analyzed, and the practical application of solar methane cracking hydrogen production system is outlined. Finally, the future development of solar methane cracking hydrogen production technology is prospected from the national situation of China. [Display omitted] • Solar methane cracking for hydrogen can reduce emissions and energy consumption. • The current state of research on solar reactors is summarized. • Solar methane cracking requires higher performing catalysts. • Providing insights into the future development of solar methane cracking in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the current development strategy, technology and industrialization of China's hydrogen energy industry in the transportation field, summarizes the characteristics and development experience, and makes a comparative study with the situation of some developed countries. The results show that the current development of hydrogen energy has formed a broad consensus in China and is becoming the overall development of China's national level consciousness. However, China's hydrogen energy industry is still facing problems such as high cost of comprehensive utilization, imperfect standards and regulations for hydrogen energy utilization, obvious tendency of industrial blind development and structural overcapacity risk. Therefore, some policy suggestions were proposed for the future development, such as strengthening top-level design, strengthening pilot demonstration, promoting the development of the whole hydrogen industry chain, and reducing the cost of hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles in the field of transportation. [Display omitted] • The development of hydrogen energy industry has become China's national consensus. • China has formed three major industrial clusters of hydrogen and fuel cells. • China's hydrogen industry is facing the risk of overcapacity. • China should strengthen the top-level design of hydrogen development strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is very ambitious for the development of fusion energy system using the fusion reaction of hydrogen isotopes. According to China magnetic confinement fusion development roadmap, the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is expected to be constructed in 2020s, which will be the first hydrogen fusion reactor in China. However, China has not yet established the safety regulatory framework for the licensing of a hydrogen fusion reactor such as CFETR, while the existing regulatory framework is based on the fission reactor development and there are huge differences in the safety characteristics between fusion reactor and fission reactor. In this paper, China's nuclear safety regulation system is reviewed and then key issues are raised for adapting the regulatory framework to the hydrogen fusion reactor, considering the fusion safety characteristics as well as lessons learnt from the licensing of ITER in the French regulations. Gaps between China nuclear safety regulations and CFETR safety concerned demands are also identified and discussed. It is suggested that the engineering design of CFETR shall be done together with the development of corresponding safety regulatory framework. • Gaps identified between China nuclear safety regulations and CFETR safety concerned demands. • Key issues raised for the adaption of regulatory framework to hydrogen fusion reactor. • Overview of China's existing nuclear safety regulation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]