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Increasing penetration of renewable electricity in the power systems coupled with reduction in its cost has resulted in increased interest in green hydrogen globally. Industry has been using fossil fuel-based hydrogen as an input for several decades. This paper makes an assessment of existing hydrogen production capacities in petroleum refineries and ammonia synthesis units in India along with estimating the potential for installing solar photovoltaic (SPV) powered alkaline electrolysers for producing green hydrogen and SPV capacity required for this purpose. Levelised cost of hydrogen production in these industries in India has been analysed and found to be competitive. The paper also discusses about water requirement, land requirement for SPV power plants, CO 2 emissions avoided and likely investment to be made for establishing infrastructure for green hydrogen production. With launching of national hydrogen mission in India, a transition to green hydrogen by the industry appears to be a near term possibility. • Hydrogen production capacities assessed for petroleum refineries and ammonia synthesis units in India. • Capacities of electrolysers and solar photovoltaic system to be installed for replacing existing hydrogen systems estimated. • Values for levelised cost of hydrogen estimated for such a combination of technologies. • Estimation made for water and land requirement for green hydrogen production, CO 2 emission avoided and investment needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]