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This paper discusses the technical and economic feasibility of a renewable energy-based system, aimed to replace the traditional diesel engines implemented on a pushed and pusher bulk carrier barge. This barge has a challenging navigational route in the Nile River from Alexandria to Aswan and vice versa. It is scheduled to complete 30 trips annually while carrying 850 tons/trip. The system is based on photovoltaic panels, and was selected with its excess energy to be stored primarily in the form of H 2 gas through electrolysis, and batteries (i.e. Power to Gas technology) to be later converted back to electrical energy through fuel cells. Hence, an operation algorithm was formulated to optimize the performance of the system by defining operating modes that use solar energy, hydrogen energy, batteries, or hybrid energy coming from multiple sources that result in an internal rate of return (IRR) of 15.1% and overall efficiency of 57.9%. This high efficiency is due to the nature of water current that flows from south to north of Egypt, therefore, causing a significant reduction in power demand in the trip from Aswan to Alexandria that requires 11,980 kW h, compared to the trip from Alexandria to Aswan that requires 21,064 kW h. • Zero emission solution combining solar energy, hydrogen generation and fuel cell propulsion for a barge in Nile River. • Preparation to achieve the 7th goal of sustainable development ensuring green propulsion in Nile River cargo transport. • Efficient use of natural resources, solar energy and water current from south to north of Egypt. • Integrating electrolizer, fuel cell, solar energy pv, batteries, and hydrogen storage to form an autonomous barge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the optimal design of a hybrid system that includes wind turbines, solar panels, and a fuel cell to successfully meet the load's requirements. All cost components of the system, including load loss and expenditure for operation and maintenance, have been taken into consideration. A modified version of Ruddy Turnstone Optimization Algorithm is applied to determine the ideal equipment capacity for the hybrid system. Comparison and analysis are done between the optimization results and the outcomes obtained through evolutionary techniques. Moreover, the proposed technique is tested on a case study from Egypt and a comparison is made with existing Hybrid Firefly/Harmony Search method from literature. According to the results, both modified Ruddy Turnstone Optimization and Hybrid Firefly/Harmony Search methods have produced satisfactory outcomes. While the production cost slightly increased using the Hybrid Firefly/Harmony Search methodology, the system's dependability level has improved significantly, thereby ensuring reliable load supply. The results of a loss of power supply possibility comparison using 0.5%, 1%, and 2% of the modified Turnstone Optimization algorithm versus Hybrid Firefly/Harmony Search method approach yields a minimum cost of energy of 0.0798, 0.0739, and 0.0573 $/kWh, respectively. • Combined WT, PV, and FC system is described to satisfy the load's requirement. • System includes load loss cost as well as original investment cost for O&M. • Modified Ruddy Turnstone Optimizer is used for determining ideal equipment capacity. • The method is performed to a studied case in Egypt. • Comparison is conducted between the outcomes and HFA/HS method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is experiencing unprecedented development in the clean energy sector in residential and industrial applications. This paper provides a case study assessing different scenarios of greenizing the electrical energy demand in El-Mostakbal city in Egypt. Three scenarios are studied with consideration of a photovoltaic (PV) system integrated with the grid-connected city with different integrated system configurations. The scenarios for the grid-connected city are scenario-I: only PV, scenario-II: PV with batteries for electricity storage along with grid electricity, and scenario-III: PV with hydrogen production, storage, and utilization for covering the electric demand along with grid electricity, these scenarios are assessed technoeconomically, and the results show an optimized case where the electricity demand of the city can be met with 64.3% produced from solar energy, at $71.7 M of the net present cost. • Energy demand is evaluated using different proposed green scenarios that are assessed techno-economically. • Electricity demand of the city can be met with 64.3% produced from solar energy. • The cost of energy generation for scenario-I is found to be $0.0512 per kWh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quest for a low-carbon energy transition has grown in recent years as concerns about the effects of climate change have grown. In this context, several governments around the world are concerned about hydrogen's possible role in a decarbonized energy system. As a result, this paper will provide a high-level overview of the hydrogen value chain, as well as an analysis of current and emerging trends in the global hydrogen market, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), which are considered the cornerstone of the current global energy system traditional fossil fuel. Egypt, as a case study, could instruct other emerging countries in general, and natural gas suppliers in particular, how to maximize gains by switching from current imports to blue hydrogen made from natural gas. Policymakers who are responsible for Egypt's national hydrogen strategy should focus on global energy insights, international experience, and natural gas-sourced blue hydrogen as a step to renewables-sourced green hydrogen. • The role of hydrogen energy in carbon-post age. • Perspectives into different low hydrogen technologies. • Blue hydrogen is a step to green hydrogen. • Egypt should formulate a national hydrogen strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]