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Virtual Trainer of Mobile Augmented Reality (AR) -based Electrical Lighting Installation is a technology that can be utilized as a substitute for conventional trainers to modern virtual-based trainers. The use of virtual trainers Electric lighting installation can be used anywhere and anytime with the help of an Android-based smartphone device. The use of AR technology is a technological development that helps users be able to interact directly with lighting installation components in a virtual form that has been designed to resemble the actual form. This study applied AR technology to learning aids called virtual trainers in the field of electrical lighting installations specifically residential. In running a virtual trainer application, several procedures must have been performed before it became an application that was ready to use. The results of this study were virtual trainers as an aid in understanding the components of residential electric lighting installations with AR mobile technology. This application system simulated 3D of 1 phase electrical lighting installation components in residential homes.

The development of a course is measured through Assessments. Tests and Quizzes measure performance and quality of course progress as well as student understanding of course contents. Most of Learning Management Systems (LMSs) provide a built in quiz tool to help instructor to design a quiz and obtain students records. Nowadays, LMSs companies provide versions (applications) that are compatible with mobile handheld devices. In this paper, we will investigate features available within quiz tool within the open source LMS Moodle and the proprietary LMS Blackboard.

Deployment of new emerging technologies have attracted and motivated a great deal of attention from researchers and scientist in various disciplines to develop and design the learning management systems, virtual learning environments and conference systems with support of MCL for education and other organizations. This technological revolution of connecting large numbers of potential learners through mobile telephony creates new challenges for developing the new architectures for education and business. Some of the MCL paradigms are proposed and implemented in various fields such as university, corporate, health and military but they lack completeness. This paper introduces new server and client side interactive prototypes with support of various working components, which help the users in obtaining the contents from server to meet the pedagogical requirements. This paper also proposes and integrates the features of content-server with cache-server to provide the faster delivery of contents for MCL. Furthermore, the paper proposes and implements some features of a novel "group application" to support asynchronous and synchronous and multimodal features to facilitate the students for MCL. Finally, the paper validates the features of interactive architecture and applications. This contribution will encourage and motivate the students to pursue their education again because the students will be able to get the course contents at anytime and anywhere.

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the major classification of the research in mobile marketing. It provides the trend and common approach in mobile marketing research. The paper aims to highlight the significant area in mobile marketing research and the needs for further understanding of the mobile marketing definition and its phenomenon. This paper has significant implications in terms of understanding the classification and the mobile marketing focusing area. This is a general review based on selected approximately forty-six journal publications which are published between year 2005 until 2010 from selected journals. Based on the selected reviewed literatures, the consumersâ?? adoption research only focuses on a few common areas. There is no agreement among the researchers on definition of mobile marketing and the conceptualization and phenomenon of mobile marketing remain unexplained. The value of this paper is that, it provides the fundamental guidelines for researchers on significant area to focus in the mobile marketing field and it also assists practitioners in identifying the research trend and major classifications which will assist them in designing the product and services to the right target market.

This paper analyses different definitions of mobile learning which have been proposed by various researchers. The most distinctive features of mobile learning are extracted to propose a new definition for Mobile Educational Mixed Reality Games (MEMRG). A questionnaire and a quantifying scale are designed to assist the game developers in designing MEMRG. A new psycho-pedagogical approach to teaching is proposed for MEMRG. This methodology is based on the theme of â??conversationâ?? between different actors of the learning community with the objective of building the architectural framework for MEMRG.

Researchers emphasize the importance of maintaining learning communities and environments. This article describes the building and nourishment of a learning community, one comprised of middle school students who learned mathematics out-of-class using the cellular phone. The building of the learning community was led by three third year pre-service teachers majoring in mathematics and computers. The pre-service teachers selected thirty 8th grade students to learn mathematics with the cellular phone and be part of a learning community experimenting with this learning. To analyze the building and development stages of the cellular phone learning community, two models of community building stages were used; first the team development model developed by Tuckman (1965), second the life cycle model of a virtual learning community developed by Garber (2004). The research findings indicate that a learning community which is centered on a new technology has five 'life' phases of development: Pre-birth, birth, formation, performing, and maturity. Further, the research finding indicate that the norms that were encouraged by the preservice teachers who initiated the cellular phone learning community resulted in a community which developed, nourished and matured to be similar to a community of experienced applied mathematicians who use mathematical formulae to study everyday phenomena.

Due to the widespread use of computer technologies in almost all aspects of life, organisations that are connected to the Internet started extending their services to their customers to include new applications and services that satisfy their customersâ?? desires to make better businesses. One of these emerging applications is mobile banking. The term mobile banking (or m-banking) describes the banking services that the user can perform via a mobile device ubiquitously at anytime and from anywhere. In order for users to access their accounts, they need a mobile device and network connectivity. Therefore, sitting in front of a computer is not a requirement anymore; accessing accounts can occur while users are waiting their turn at the dentist clinic or relaxing at the beach! This paper explores the opportunities of using mobile technology in the electronic banking (e-banking) sector to enhance existing banking services by moving toward m-banking using mobile devices and wireless media that can provide opportunities for ubiquitous access to the banking services as mobile technologies can be used at anytime and from anywhere. The technical problems encountered while using the mobile devices presents some technical difficulties and challenges for the m-banking. In this paper we introduce a mobile system that demonstrates the flexibility gained out of this technology and covers the major aspects of such kind of applications. The proposed system covers two parts: the customer services (user interface) and the security aspects. In the user interface part, banking facility is provided to the user through the mobile device to implement banking transactions. The model provides customers with the services: billing payments, transferring of funds, viewing of customerâ??s accounts and transactions, allowing the user to change his/her password and request a cheque book. The application takes into consideration security aspects, it satisfies the following security requirements: Authentication, Confidentiality and Authorisation. This paper introduces the advantages and disadvantages of using mobility in the banking sector. Furthermore, this paper also presents the security, suitability and feasibility aspects of using m-banking in terms of technology and usability.

Current literature on m-learning refers to the lack of studies on real use of m-learning applications and how they can compete with current desktop counterparts. The study consists of an experiment involving one hundred and twelve students of higher education and a set of learning activities that they have to accomplish. This study has the main objective to validate if the students that use laptops or desktops are in the flow experience and which of them are more in the flow experience, when using Google Groups. The used approach is based on the flow experience introduced by [1]. It was possible to conclude that students have experienced the flow state both by students using laptops or desktops, but having the laptop students a more positive effect in the flow experience.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networking in a mobile learning environment has become a popular topic of research. One of the new emerging research ideas is on the ability to combine P2P network with server-based network to form a strong efficient portable and compatible network infrastructure. This paper describes a unique mobile network architecture, which reflects the on-campus studentsâ?? need for a mobile learning environment. This can be achieved by combining two different networks, client-server and peer-to-peer ad-hoc to form a sold and secure network. This is accomplished by employing one peer within the ad-hoc network to act as an agent-peer to facilitate communication and information sharing between the two networks. It can be implemented without any major changes to the current network technologies, and can combine any wireless protocols such as GPRS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 3G.

A mobile learning system, called MobiQiyas, for preparing Saudi Arabian students for one of the standardized tests, given by the National Center for Assessment in Higher Education (NCAHE), has been developed, using ready-made commercial products and tools. The learning material of MobiQiyas consists of practice questions with their answers, both provided by NCAHE, to be loaded by the students into their own mobile phones; after installation, the students can interact with MobiQiyas any number of times, as desired, without incurring any additional cost, other than the initial airtime cost for downloading. From total number of students taken the test, 20,000 students were randomly selected to use MobiQiyas and information was collected from them to measure their attitudes and participation of MobiQiyas. It was found that 36.1% of students had actually downloaded MobiQiyas successfully. Furthermore, a telephone survey was conducted, after the test period, on a class of 40 students in a secondary school in Riyadh, taking the same test, to measure their acceptance of MobiQiyas, using a 9-item questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale. The responses of the 40 students reflected high acceptance and satisfaction levels of MobiQiyas as an effective test prep tool.

In recent years, the noticeable move towards using mobile devices (mobile phones and PDAs) and wireless technologies have made information available in the context of "anytime, anywhere using any mobile device" experience. Delivering information to mobile devices needs some sort of communication means such as Push, Pull, or mixed (Push and Pull) technologies to deliver any chunk of information (events, ads, advisory tips, learning materials, etc.). Events are the most important pieces of information that should be delivered timely wherever the user is. Agent-based technology offers autonomous, flexible, adaptable, and reliable way of delivering events to any device, anywhere, and on time. Publish/subscribe communication model is the basic infrastructure for event-based communication. In this paper, we define the need to mobilize the event notification process in educational environment and the possible categories of event notifications that students can receive from their educational institution. This paper also proposes a framework for agent-based mobile event notification system. The proposed framework is derived from the concept of pushâ??based publish/subscribe communication model but taking advantage from software agents to serve in the mobile environment. Finally, the paper provides a detailed analysis for the proposed system.

In an effort to find out the best suitable application of mobile learning, several research works are undertaken till date. A review of related papers unveiled that mobile devices act better as a supporting media in teaching and learning scenario. The present worker has developed context specific learning modules i.e. personalized learning contents using an ontology based web service architecture and an experimantal exploration has been done with the target audience to justify the usability of such content in a real time environment. To ensure that the developed contents are acceptable and usable, usability aspects are carefully embedded during the analysis, design and development of the contents. In this paper, the steps to fulfill the usability aspects of the prepared contents are described, an architecture of the dissemination system has been designed and results of the study are presented.

This study was carried out in order to investigate whether mobile learning using Short Message Service (SMS) was a method of learning adopted by the students enrolled in the School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia. As adult learners who are in vocation, time and isolation are the bane of self-study. Since all the students own a mobile device that can receive SMS, educational messages can be sent directly to their devices. This experimental study explored the impact of learnerâ??s characteristic, learning design and learning environment to their adoptability. This study utilised two models of data analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 12.0 and the Rasch model analysis for measurement. The analysis was conducted on a sample of 105 students based on gender, age, ethnicity, programme of study and mobile device ownership. The students were from four different courses which are Bachelors of Science, Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Social Science and Bachelor of Management. The questionnaire-answer session were administered by the respective course managers in their tutorial sessions during the annual residential intensive course in the main campus of the Universiti Sains Malaysia. The result indicated that mobile learning has helped them to pace their studies. By using mobile learning, learners easily get any information that they need at anytime anywhere. Learners would also like to take another mobile learning assisted course if the courses are relevant to their learning needs. Furthermore, the SMS educational content received through their hand phone are easily remembered.

In domains (as digital TV, smart home, and tangible interfaces) that represent a new paradigm of interactivity, the decision of the most appropriate interaction design solution is a challenge. HCI researchers have promoted in their works the validation of design alternative solutions with users before producing the final solution. User experience with technology is a subject that has also gained ground in these works in order to analyze the appropriate solution(s). Following this concept, a study was accomplished under the objective of finding a better interaction solution for an application of mobile TV. Three executable applications of mobile TV prototypes were built. A Verbal Decision Analysis model was applied on the investigations for the favorite characteristics in each prototype based on the userâ??s experience and their intentions of use. This model led a performance of a qualitative analysis which objectified the design of a new prototype.

For e-learning systems to be successful, proper understanding of the learner is crucial. This can be done with the use of learnersâ?? profiles. However, there is a need for the availability of such information for mobile learning environments to make it available when the learner roams between different spaces. This paper investigates the application of RFID technologies for this use. We suggest using new advancements in RFID technologies with smart tags to identify and extract learnersâ?? data/profile in the move. Furthermore, the learner will be carrying this data for better learning interoperability in smart spaces. New interesting educational scenarios are becoming available to provide context-awareness for the educational process. The tradeoffs between the availability of further information and privacy are discussed.

The continuously growing number of mobile users demonstrates that more and more users seek to benefit from the freedom afforded without the need for cables, time and place. The mobility is the driving force behind the new global economy, with mobile banking, banks offer a new revolutionize services and giving their consumers more options than ever before. This study aimed to: (1) Investigate consumers' expectations and attitudes towards mobile banking in Jordan. (2) Identify the problems that organizations and consumers encounter while adopting or using mobile banking. (3) Measure the level of consumersâ?? perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), attitude towards using (ATU), behavioral intention to use (BI), and the actual use (AU) of mobile banking. Data for this study have been collected using a questionnaire containing 44 questions. Out of 325 questionnaires that have been distributed, 275 are returned (84.6%). As a result of this study it appeared that if consumers have positive Attitudes towards mobile banking, they would rely on it to conduct their banking transactions. This study finds that Jordanian consumers rely on wireless devices (Mobile) for their banking transactions, which leads to the actual use of this new technology, taking into consideration trust as a factor that could affect the success of using mobile banking in Jordan. This study gives quantified indicators about mobile banking and a model that might help in understanding the mobile banking environment in Jordan.

this paper deals with the simulation and presentation of a novel approach to design and implementation of algorithm to realize hand over process for a mobile communication system during mobile network. This algorithm performs the ability of the system to extract important information features about the received signal. When the strength of the received signal is dropped below a certain threshold value then an alert process is activated to achieve the continuity of the transmission due to a ready scan which is existed on time.

This paper presents Mobile application via Bluetooth wireless technology (MAvBT) that enhance the student portal in universities by connecting students' mobile phone devices to a server application that benefit from the devices Bluetooth technology and the storage abilities. MAvBT enables students to retrieve their information with minimum time and anywhere ranging from 100m up to 1Km and it facilitate the communication with instructors outside the office hours. This system consists of computer application (Server Application) installed on a Bluetooth enabled computer, Mobile application (client application) installed on studentsâ?? mobile phone devices, and a website that enable the instructors to edit their materials or enable the demonstrator to get some important reports. Experimental results show that the proposed system is faster, effortless, and cheaper.

In this research we produced a mobile language learning game that is designed within a technical context. After conceptual analysis of the subject matter i.e. computer's motherboard, the game was designed. The action within the game is consistent to the theme. There is a story, simplifying and exaggerating real life. Elements of control, feedback and sense of danger are incorporated into our game. By producing an engaging learning experience, vocabularies were learned incidentally. Deliberate vocabulary learning games were also added to our package to help students solve their common errors. Index Terms—Mobile learning, Educational games, Language learning, Vocabulary learning

This paper deals with the demonstration of commerce technologies and concentration on the next generation technologies. The development of high advance technologies in telecommunications such as internet and mobile telephony leads to massive support for digital commerce. The main feature of the third generation mobile internet protocol addressing introduced an access to the internet through mobile. The trends of next generation digital commerce try to overcome all the commercial problems and to develop a fast secure and intelligent commerce depending on the high performance next generation technologies.

There are various parties involved in construction projects. This multi-disciplinary environment makes it difficult to work collaboratively especially during design problem resolution and decision making on site. Better collaboration between design teams and construction sites may enable the construction industry to deliver projects on time and within budget. The latest mobile and visualisation technologies can support mobile visualisation applications and collaboration between distributed construction site and design teams. These applications and collaboration may improve the distribution and clarification of drawings, management of design changes, resolution of buildability problems, and the monitoring of construction progress, all in real time. The paper provides an overview of design information communication and collaboration between the construction site and design teams. It then highlights the key results of a questionnaire survey on the needs & requirements from the construction industry and presents the implementation of mobile visualisation in construction. Further, the paper describes the results of the validation of scenarios illustrating the planning and implementation of mobile communication and visualisation technologies to support design teams and the construction site.

A model consisting of five dimensions of mobile learning preferences â?? location, level of distractions, time of day, level of motivation and available time â?? is proposed in this paper. The aim of the model is to potentially increase the learning effectiveness of individuals or groups by appropriately matching and allocating mobile learning materials/applications according to each learnerâ??s type. Examples are given. Our current research investigations relating to this model are described.

The evolution of technologies as well as Internet application has created new ways of communication which gives impact to all regions and sectors including educators and learners in Higher-Education Learning institutions in Malaysia. Virtual learning environments as well as e-learning applications are some of pedagogical mechanisms which may sound easy and quick to be applied but unfortunately they are rarely used. This research attempts to introduce m-Learning as “Convenience Education” (CE). This study will determine the design which suits the system, to identify the suitable content and hardware. The study expected to develop the system framework, the content as well as the hardware, to make recommendations on the existing learning mechanisms and to develop a framework that contributes to the improvement of the education system in Malaysia. This paper includes a pilot project using short message service (SMS) - mobile technology for a Physics course for distance learners at the Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Magazines like BusinessWeek and Time haveconfirmed “The Power of Us” as we collaborate in the Web2.0. However, current medical practice still relies onMedicine 1.0. The use of webbased collaborativeframeworks (“wiki’s”) combined with optimized output andsynchronisation for mobile devices can help us upgrading toMedicine 2.0. This serves as an aid for community-drivenclinical decision support systems increasing medical safety.NeuroWiki.com will be demonstrated as a useful concept inthis philosophy, and its technical background will bedescribed.

This paper proposes an instrument to allow instructional designers and subject matter experts (SMEs) to balance gender and ethnicity categories from inception of mobile courses throughout the complete design of the course. This instrument can also be used to analyze the matter of gender and ethnicity in all Technology Enhanced Learning courses.