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In the present case report, the use of the composite resin injection technique with flowable composite resin was described, aiming to rapidly restore functionality and aesthetics in a patient with severe dental wear. The used technique helped achieve an appropriate morphology, functionality and aesthetics within a reduced execution time. Initially, the teeth were clinically examined, then digital scanning was performed, on the basis of which the 3D wax up model was realized. The obtained model was impressed using a transparent silicone material, so that the silicone guide - on the basis of which the mock-up and, subsequently, the flowable resin injection technique were performed - was made. The results obtained by flowable composite resin injection and wax-up and mock-up techniques are highly satisfactory from an aesthetic, morphological and functional point of view, although the behavior over time should still be evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color variation of a nanohybrid composite resin (GrandioSO, VOCO), a flowable composite (GrandioSO Flow, VOCO), a heavy flow composite (GrandioSO Heavy flow, VOCO) and a sealant (Grandio Seal, VOCO) submersed in three different staining solutions (red wine, coffee, cola drink) for 14 days. Twenty samples from each tested material were prepared and divided into 4 groups, according to the materials employed. Each group was then divided into 4 subgroups, according to the submersion solutions: Subgroup "Saliva" - artificial saliva (AFNOR, Biochemazone™) as a control subgroup; Subgroup "Red Wine" - dry red wine (Negru de Purcari Wine), Subgroup "Cola" - Pepsi-cola Company, Subgroup "Coffee" - Nescafe Brasero. The samples were submersed in solutions for 14 days and stored in an incubator at 37 °C. A portable spectrophotometer NR10QC 3NH was used for color assessment after 1, 7 and 14 days of submersion, using the CIE L*a*b* system. Paired t-test, Repeated Measures ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analysis. The highest value of color variation was recorded by group C after 14 days of submersion in red wine solution (ΔE=4.76), while the lowest values were shown by group B after 14 days of submersion in cola solution (ΔE=0.48). In group B, differences were observed between subgroups saliva and cola (p=0.046) after 14 days. In group C, differences were recorded after 7 days between subgroups saliva and red wine (p=0.00), after 14 days between subgroups saliva and red wine (p=0.00), and between subgroups saliva and coffee (p=0.007). In group D, differences were observed after 7 days between subgroups saliva and red wine (p=0.001) and subgroups saliva and coffee (p=0.00). Fourteen days of continuous contact with cola beverage affects the color stability of the heavy flow composite resin, while red wine or coffee consumption influences the color of the resin-based sealant. The nanohybrid composite resin and the resin-based sealant show color variations after seven days of continuous contact with red wine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed at assessing the surface roughness of a nanohybrid composite after finishing and polishing, and at evaluating the roughness variation of the material after submitting it to the action of hydrochloric acid and toothbrushing. The material used in the study was Filtek Z550 (3M ESPE). 15 cylindrical samples were randomly divided into three groups, corresponding to three different systems (SofLex, Optrafine, Astropol). The samples were subjected to hydrochloric acid in two one-hour cycles, then immediately submitted to toothbrushing in three consecutive cycles (1,000, 2,000, 4,000 cycles). The results showed variations in surface condition after each step. The surface condition of restorations is related to the type of finishing system. Hydrochloric acid influences the surface roughness of a composite resin restoration, changing its values, even at limited exposure. The effect of brushing after acidic challenge increases the surface roughness of the composite resin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, by atomic force microscopy (ATM), the surface condition and roughness parameters of low viscosity composite resins after exposure to Coca-Cola acidic drink under different immersion regimes. Materials and methods. The materials used in the present study were Filtek Ultimate Flowable Restorative(3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and BrilliantFlow (COLTENE Whaledent, Switzerland). 20 cylindrical 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick samples were made from each material using plastic conformers placed on glass plates. The samples were light-cured for 40 s on both sides through the glass plates, to ensure complete polymerization of the material, then divided into two groups, as follows: Group I. Filtek Ultimate Flowable Restorative, and Group II. Brilliant Flow. Specimens from each group were then randomly divided into 5 subgroups: subgroup A, consisting of 4 control samples kept only in artificial saliva, and subsets B-E, consisting of 4 samples, one for each of the 4 immersion protocols in Coca Cola drink. The surface state of all samples was analyzed by atomic force microscopy and the roughness parameters were calculated. Results and discussion. The samples subjected to immersion in Coca-Cola were strongly corroded, compared to the control ones. The highest surface roughness value was determined for samples submerged 3 times/day in Coca Cola. Meantime, a higher Ra value was determined for the Filtek Ultimate Flowable composite than for Brilliant Flow. Conclusions. Evaluation of the surface condition of samples after immersion revealed in both materials a pattern of pitting corrosion, namely micro-holes and a preferential corrosion direction more obvious on the samples subjected to three immersions per day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of some clinical and technological factors on the onset and intensity of post-operative sensitivity. A group of 57 patients suffering from post-operative sensitivity were investigated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The investigated factors were gender, age group (25-35 vs. 36-45), and type of composite resins and adhesive systems used to restore the teeth (micro-hybrid composite Filtek Z250-Adper Single Bond 2, 3M/ESPE, and nano-hybrid composite Ceram X One Sphere Tec-Prime and Bond One, Dentsply). The restorative treatments were performed by the same practitioner on posterior and anterior teeth diagnosed with mid-sized chronic cavitated carious lesions. Total etch (etch and rinse) strategy of adhesion was used for both composite resins. Mean scores for VAS indices were significantly higher for Filtek Z250/Adper Single Bond 2 and age group 36-45 (p<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the control of occlusal caries, the major challenges are related not only to the detection of non-cavitary lesions, but also to the establishment of the treatment strategies to be subsequently applied. Considering the objective of each treatment, that of helping the patient, it is essential to control the progression of carious lesions by means of nonsurgical, preventive/therapeutical methods, whenever necessary. The new strategies applied in caries management are based on the evaluation and predictibility of possible risks, a major aspect in the daily taking of therapeutical decisions. The management plan should include: (I) patient's level of risk, (II) patient's activity level and (III) severity of the lesion. Various strategies for a most efficient management of patient's problems, as well as of the carious lesions, have been elaborated by specialized medical organisms, such as: strategies established within ICDAS, CAMBRA, strategies of the caries management system (SMC) and protocols indicated by the system of caries classification according to ADA (American Dental Association). The mission of any new model of caries management is first of all to preserve the dental tissues, and to restore them when only recommended - an idea to guide the decisions of practitioners, starting with the moment of anamnesis, clinical examination and estabishment of diagnosis, until the end of the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the multifactorial etiology of the carious process and also to the dynamic character of the disease, its clinicaltherapeutical management becomes increasingly complex. The strategies applied in the management of occlusal caries have had several stages, starting with the pre-restorative period, when only few empirical and simple restorative methods were available. The following so-called "restorative" stage was dominated by the belief of specialists and researchers that the only efficient treatment of carious lesions, whichever their evolution stage, is reconstruction of the odontal functional morphology through obturations. In the last decades of the last century, the preventive principles, supported by a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of fluoride, gained more and more space, "the preventive stage" being now in progress. The major challenge in the management of the carious process is the control of its advance especially through preventive/therapeutical non-operative measures. The scope of any pattern of caries management is first to maintain the dental tissues, and to restore them only when recommended: such a desiderate should be considered in all decisions taken during anamnesis, clinical examination, establishment of diagnostis, until the end of the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental caries is a transmissible pathologic infectious process in which a cariogenic biofilm, in the presence of a more pathological than protective oral status leads to demineralization of the hard dental tissues. The occlusal surface of posterior teeth represents, due to its anatomy, the most exposed place to dental caries. Even if the global ratio of such disease decreased in industrialized countries, the situation is different for occlusal caries. Nowadays, one of the main reasons for a lower ratio in the control of occlusal caries is represented by the fact that, in the so-called "post-fluorization" generation, fluoride has better controlled the caries from the smooth than from the occlusal surfaces. The term of fissural caries has been previously employed for describing the carious lesions occurring in pits and fossae. The definition was bsed on the assumption that the high incidence of carious lesions in the pits and fossae of molars was directly related to the low accessibility of these zones to the usual hygiene measures. Two factors are evaluated as to plaque accumulation and caries initiation on occlusal surfaces: the stage of dental eruption or the functional utilization of the occlusal surface and the specific surface anatomy. The scope of this review study is to synthesize the existing knowledge on the evolution of occlusal caries and the available methods of control and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to compare the surface morphology of enamel and the variation of the mineral ions concentration after the manifestation of the erosive effect determined by various commercial beverages for athletes. 14 premolars extracted from orthodontic reasons have been cut in two halves. On each section, an enamel surface of 3×3 mm was preserved for investigations. The samples have been divided into 4 groups. In the control group, the 7 sections were kept in artificial saliva while, in the other 3 groups, the sections were introduced in 3 beverages for athletes: Gatorade Citron (Pepsi Cola Co.), 5-hour Energy (Living Essentials), Powerade Cherry (Coca Cola Co.). The samples were analyzed on an electronic microscope with Vega II LSH scanning device, coupled with EDX Quantax QX2 detector. SEM analysis evidenced erosion zones at the level of enamel, which appears pinched in the samples subjected to the action of acid beverages. A decreasing tendency of the average values of calcium ion concentrations was observed in the batches in which the enamel samples had been subjected to the action of beverages for athletes. The highest relative variations of calcium and phosphorous ions (10%, respectively 8%) were recorded for Gatorade, followed, in decreasing order, by Powerade, for which variations of 9%, respectively 6%, were noticed, and by the 5-hour Energy beverage, in which the relative losses were of 5%, respectively 3%. All beverages for athletes tested in the present study showed erosion potential upon the dental enamel. Gatorade appeared as the most aggressive beverage for athletes followed by Powerade and 5-hour Energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Careful examination of the oral cavity in respiratory medicine is often neglected, although it represents sometimes a clue for clinical diagnosis and it is important in completely addressing the patient. On the other hand, the dental practitioner who treats a patient with unusual oral lesions should observe correct guidance and medical advice. Oral manifestations are of polymorphic nature, being associated with a variety of pulmonary diseases and specific therapies. Respiratory obstructive diseases, systemic diseases with pulmonary involvement, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis or tuberculosis all have clinical and/ or therapeutic involvement of the oral cavity, which underlines the necessity of regular dental services and careful oral cavity exam, as well as an active collaboration between dental practitioners and pulmonologists or somnologists, for patient's ultimate benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To determine the performance of the laserfluorescence method in the detection of early occlusal dental caries extended below the enamel-dentine junction related to different cut-off values. Materials and method. The in vivo study was performed on a sample group of 65 patients with 78 occlusal surfaces (molars) with enamel or dentine occlusal non-cavitated or microcavitary occlusal dental caries. The selected occlusal surfaces were examined by the ICDAS system (clinical exam) and the laser-fluorescence method (Diagnodent, KAVO), by a single examiner, with a 2 year-experience in the use of the ICDAS system and Diagnodent. The demineralisation depth was recorded after a minimal invasive intervention with a 330 bur. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the cut-off values 20, 25, 30, 35 were determined according to the demineralization depth of enamel/dentine recorded after the minimal operative intervention. Results. The laser-fluorescence method, used to detect early occlusal dental caries extended below the enameldentine junction, gave the following sensitivity values: 0.93 for cut-off 20, 0.86 for cut-off 25, 0.69 for cut-off 30, 0.54 for cut-off 35, while the specificity values were: 0.80 for cut-off 25 and 1.00 for cut off 30 and 35. The accuracy of the diagnosis was 0.75 for cut-off 20, 0.83 for cut-off 25, 0.73 for cut-off 30, 0.60 for cut-off 35. Conclusions. The highest accuracy (0.83) of the laserfluorescence method was recorded for an optimal cut-off of 25. Significant statistical differences were found between the 25, on one side, and the 25 and 35 cut-off values, on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]