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Background: The manifold population of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) arising in the duodenal mucosa and ampullary region has been investigated in several papers, leading to the characterization of various tumor entities according to histological structure, hormonal expression, clinical profile, genetic background, and/or patient outcome [1-3) The duodenal NETs are mainly located in the second part of the duodenum and are usually Single. Even though it is reported in various case series, Multiple neuroendocrine tumour of the first, second and Third part of duodenum is extremely rare and very difficult for a pre op diagnosis and planning. This case is presented to highlight the endoscopic features and therapeutic challenge in the unusual presentation. Clinical Presentation: A 65/M patient was admitted with vague upper abdominal pain and dyspepsia and Vomiting. On OGD he was found to have Unusual multiple umbilicated lesions involving the first, second part of duodenum. Endoscopic diagnosis was Lymphoma / Duodenal carcinoma. The endoscopy biopsy was suggested it to be duodenal carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. In view of existing CKD Patient was investigated with MRI scan and MRI showed multiple polypoidal lesion duodenum first and second part. Patient was worked up and had planned Whipple resection and Histopathology revealed it as neuroendocrine tumour with low grade differentiation. The case is discussed with the stress on unusual endoscopic appearance and rarity of multiplicity. Results: This entity of NETs of duodenum are rare tumours predominantly seen on the second part and single tumour and endoscopic appearance was very unusual. Most were low-grade tumors, ranging from reportedly self-limiting gangliocytic paragangliomas (GPs) to a variety of well-differentiated epithelial neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This latter category comprised clinically silent or endocrinally active (such as gastrinomas) neoplasms of the duodenum as well as nonfunctioning, somatostatin cell tumors (often called 'somatostatinomas' despite their usual lack of clinically relevant signs of endocrine hyperfunction), commonly localized in the ampullary region and often causing biliary or pancreatic duct obstruction and regional lymph node (LN) metastases. A minority of tumors arose in a genetic background, such as gastrinomas in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome and somatostatin cell tumors in type 1 neurofibromatosis [4-6]. In addition to these differentiated, grade 1 or 2, NETs, a few high-grade (grade 3) neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) have also been reported [7,8, 9]. Conclusion: Duodenal neuroendocrine tumours are relatively very rare mesenchymal tumour with a unique histological appearance, and it needs to be distinguished from GIST and other gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumours. But this paper highlights an unusual presentation in view of its endoscopic appearance and Multiplicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to determine the presence, type and nature of bacterial contamination on paper currency and coins in circulation. Total 96 paper currency and 48 coins of different denominations were randomly collected from butcher shop, vegetables seller, auto rickshaw and rickshaw man, chemist store, tuberculosis chest outpatient department (OPD) and general OPD from the different areas of Lucknow city in a sterile paper bags. A total of 249/92 bacteria, 49/24 fungal isolates and 1/0 parasite were obtained from the paper currency and coins respectively. Different bacterial species were isolated with the most common isolates being Bacillus species (60.41%, 47.91%) and followed by Escherichia coli (41.66%, 35.41%), Proteus species (39.58%, 42.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (35.41%, 12.5%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (28.12%, 31.25%), Staphylococcus aureus (20.83%, 23.1%), Diphtheroids (17.70%, 0%), Enterococcus species (11.45%, 0%), Streptococcus pyogenes (11.45%, 0%), Salmonella species (2.08%, 0%), Shigella species (1.04%, 0%) and acid fast Bacilli (2.08%, 0%). Different fungus that is, Aspergillus species (27.08%, 37.5%), Candida albicans (13.54%, 12.5%), Cladosporium cladosporioides (9.37%, 0%) and Ascaris egg (1.04%, 0%) were found in paper currency and coins respectively. These results suggest that the currency is commonly contaminated with microbes, and this contamination may play a role in the transmission of antibiotic resistant or potentially harmful organism. This work seeks to confirm microbial contamination of currency and also introduces the nature and levels of contamination of the Indian currency. The distribution of contamination was unexpectedly higher in unexpected locations, indicative of our wide ignorance and indifference toward contamination through this route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the paper "Bibliometric Analysis of ChatGPT's Applications in Medicine: A Comprehensive Assessment of its Impact and Potential" is to conduct a systematic evaluation of how ChatGPT, an AI language model, has been applied in the field of medicine. The study aims to assess the impact of ChatGPT's applications in medicine and explore its potential contributions to the healthcare domain. Materials and Methods: The Scopus database was selected and the search query (All (ChatGPT AND Medicine) was developed on 11, July 2023 to retrieve all the bibliographic records on the domine of interest. From each record, we retrieved data on the title, author, organizations, journals, publications type, source, country, collaboration, etc. They were exported to MS-Excel for bibliometric analysis and VOSviewer software was used for analyzing Co-Occurrence networks and the data and descriptive analysis were classified, collected one by one, and loaded into the Bibliometric R-package program to create science maps and statistical graphs. Results: ChatGPT - related Medicine papers in the Scopus database constitute 532 papers. these publications received 1046 citations, these authored by 1771 authors published 203 article type and etc. Average citations per document 1966 received and 111 (20.86%) received extremal funding support from 62+ research agencies supporting research in this area. selected 65 significant keywords appearing in ChatGPT and Medicine. USA and UK were contributed the highest papers. Medicine is the broad subject of the study were published highest number of papers (312). Conclusion: The findings from this study can help researchers, practitioners, and policymakers better understand the impact and potential of ChatGPT in advancing medical knowledge, patient care, and healthcare practices. Additionally, the paper may contribute to identifying knowledge gaps and guide further research in this rapidly evolving field at the intersection of AI and medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Self-management of diabetes is essential for proper control of blood sugars and prevention of complications. Persons with disabilities face challenges in adopting self-management behaviours. Objectives: To assess diabetes self-management behaviours among persons with disabilities. Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed with a comprehensive search strategy to retrieve epidemiological studies that reported the diabetes self-management behaviours among persons with disabilities in English language journals between 1990 - 2022. We did a step-wise screening of the retrieved articles and synthesized the findings of the selected papers. Results: Of the 992 papers that were obtained, 981 did not meet our inclusion criteria and were excluded at the stage of title and abstract screening. Eleven papers were retrieved and read in detail, and 8 of them were excluded at this stage. Finally, three papers two from China and one from Iran were included in the review. The studies revealed poor diabetes self-management behaviours among persons with disabilities, especially in the domains of diet and physical activity. Conclusion: There is a dearth of studies exploring diabetes self-management behaviours among persons with disabilities. Even the few reported studies show low levels of self-management behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study reviewed the publication growth and identified key players and traced the evolution of research themes on "RSV Infection in Children". Using Scopus database, a keyword search was undertaken, which yielded 917 research records during 2002 to 2021. The retrieved research data was analyzed using a bibliometric analysis techniques and MS-Excel software. The co-authorship network visualization of authors, organizations and countries and cooccurrence network visualization of all keywords are visualized using VOSviewer software. The 917 papers were written by 4902 authors employed at 710 organizations based in 104 countries/territories and were published in 273 journals in the field. The top journals ranked by publication productivity were Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Journal of Infectious Diseases and PLOS One and by citation impact per paper were American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Therapy and Journal of Pediatrics. Authors from countries contributed the most publications were USA, U.K. and China, and those contributing the most impactful publications were France, Japan and Spain. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, USA, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands, and MedImmune LLC Inc. USA are the three organizations with the most productive publications and Kenya Medical Research Institute, South African Medical Research Council, South Africa and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa are the organizations with most impactful organizations. Authors contributing the most were O. Ramilo (USA), E.A.F. Simoes (USA) and R.A. Karron (USA) and the most impactful papers were D.J. Nokes (U.K.), K.M. Edwards (USA) and C.B. Hall (USA). Based on collaboration network maps, there were significant collaborations based on common interests. According to the keyword co-occurrence diagram, the most frequent keywords are "Respiratory Synctial Virus", "Respiratory Syncytial Pneumovirus", "Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus", "Hospitalization", "Respiratory Tract Infection" and "Brochiolitis". Analysis of 44 significant keywords showed that the research was distributed into 4 clusters, which indicates the most significant areas of current research. With the acceleration of the child diseases, the number of articles on "RSV in Children" is increasing rapidly. Bibliometric analysis of global research in this area for the last 20 years can provide useful information and meaningful reference to funding agencies and researchers, enabling them to explore current research status and identify the future areas and hotspots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various fields has led to transformative changes in research and practice. One such domain that has seen substantial impact is the medical field, where AI-powered tools like ChatGPT have emerged as potential alternatives to traditional methods for generating medical literature. This study presents a comprehensive comparative bibliometric analysis of medical literature generated by ChatGPT and traditional methods, aiming to uncover the emerging trends and potential shifts in the landscape. Materials and Methods: This study collects and analyzes a substantial corpus of articles, reviews, and papers generated by both ChatGPT and traditional methodologies. Bibliometric indicators such as publication frequency, citation counts, collaboration patterns, and keyword usage are examined to discern differences in output and impact. We extract data from Web of Science citation database and selected 18087 publications from the year 2019 to 2023 for our study. The data and descriptive analysis were categorised, collected one at a time, and imported into the Bibliometric R-package programme to produce science maps and statistical graphs. They were exported to MS-Excel for bibliometric analysis and VOSviewer software was used to analyse Co-Occurrence networks. Results and Discussion: A total of 18087 publications on ChatGPT and traditional methodologies from the year 2019 to 2023, namely 12519 (69.29%) original articles, 2836 (15%) reviews, 233 (01.2%) letters, and others. The most productive institution was found to be the Indian Institute of Technology System IIT System (n=1718, 0.09%), followed by National Institute of Technology NIT System (n=1275, 0.07%). the most productive author was found to be the Kumar, Atul, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi (n=421, 2.39%), followed by Kumar, Satish, Indian Institute of Management Nagpur (n=405, 2.24%). The most productive journal was found that the IEEE Acess (n=373, 2.063%, TC=6740, ACP=18.06) followed by Multimedia Tools and Applications (n=279, 1.543%, TC=1552, ACP=5.56). The most frequent of authors keywords and occurrences was found that the 'artificial intelligence' 1517 occurrences and 1898 total link strength followed by 'deep learning' 1156 occurrences and 1764 total link strength. Conclusions: This bibliometric analysis sheds light on the evolving landscape of medical literature production, comparing the outputs of ChatGPT and traditional methods. While ChatGPT shows promise in its ability to quickly generate content on cutting-edge topics, traditional methods maintain their dominance in terms of research depth and impact. The findings have implications for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers, suggesting potential ways to leverage both approaches for a more comprehensive and impactful medical research ecosystem. Further research is warranted to monitor the trajectory of this evolving paradigm shift in medical literature and its long-term implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The study makes a bibliometric evaluation of global publications on "Application of Stem Cell Therapy to Covid-19" during 2020-22. Methods: The published publications on this theme were searched, retrieved, and downloaded from the Elsevier's Scopus international database and analyzed using bibliometric techniques based on select bibliometric indicators. The VOSviewer software and Biblioshiny application were used to construct and visualize bibliometric networks. Results: In all 1413 publications were indexed on "Application of Stem Cell Therapy to Covid-19" in the Scopus database till 30 December 2021. These publications registered an average of 18.03 citations per paper. Of these, the funded publications were 452(31.99%). In all, 91 countries, 690 organizations, and 1068 authors participated in global research and published in 317 journals. Among participating countries, China, the U.K., Italy, and India lead in publications output (with 185, 148, 127, and 110 papers) and China (58.38 and 3.24), France (47.0 and 2.61), Netherlands (46.63 and 2.59) and the U.K. (41.84 and 2.32) leads in citation impact. Among participating organizations, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran (37 papers), Harvard Medical School, USA (36 papers), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA (29 papers) and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran (26 papers) leads in publications productivity (with 37, 36, 29 and 26 papers) and Brigham and Women's Hospital, USA (110.78 and 6.14), Massachusetts General Hospital, USA (81.35 and 4.51), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA (78.95 and 4.38) and Harvard Medical School, USA (75.42 and 4.18) leads in citation impact. Among participating authors, K.K.Sahu (9 papers), J. Cerny (7 papers), M.A. Perales and M.Z. Ratajzak (7 papers each) leads in publication productivity and M. Mohty (37.0 and 2.05), P.R.M. Rocco (35.8 and 1.99), D.J. Weiss (33.5 and 1.86) and M.A. Perales (32.86 and 1.82) leads in citation impact. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports (35 papers), Frontiers in Immunology (32 papers), Bone Marrow Transplantation (30 papers) leads in publication productivity and Journal of Medical Virology (132.10), American Journal of Hematology (75.20), Aging and Disease (55.46) and Cell Stem Cell (33.14) leads in citation impact. Conclusion: The research is mainly dominated by North America and Western Europe, but with some contribution from China, India, Iran, and Brazil playing also an important role. The developing countries need to prioritize their research in this area and increase their collaboration with North America and Western Europe countries. The analysis will help scholars and policy-makers to take stock of the present situation and decide the future course of action on the "Application of Stem Cells in Covid-19". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study examines the publication output of authors from India on the topic of "Covid-19 and Psychology" using bibliometric methods. Methods: The publications as listed in Scopus database were identified by using "Covid-19" and its synonyms keywords in "Keyword" and "Title" tags. The results obtained were further restricted to subject "Psychology" under subject tag and country to India. Results: 372 publications emerged in the last 2 years on the topic of "Covid-19 and Psychology", accounting to 4.63% share of global output. About 9.95% and 25.81% share of Indian publications received external funding support and involved international collaboration, respectively. The author's from 277 organizations and 416 authors participated unevenly in the research in this area. The highest number of publications emerged from National Institute of Mental Health and Allied Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangaluru, followed by Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi and All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar. Authors from Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry had highest impact in terms of citations per paper and relative citation index, followed by authors from King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, and Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal. The journals that published the highest number of publications were Asian Journal of Psychiatry (158 papers), Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine (44 papers), and Frontier in Psychology (18 papers). The most commonly investigated topics in terms of frequency of appearances of keywords were mental health (93), followed by anxiety (80), mental disease (68), depression (64), mental stress (34), and social isolation. Conclusion: Over the last 2 years a large number of publications have emerged in the area of COVID-19 and psychology from India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a analysis of quantitative and qualitative dimensions of global research output (3488 records) on "Impact of COVID-19 on Children and Adolescents", based on indexed publications in Scopus database. The global publications on this theme averaged 8.31 citations per paper. About 1.49% share of its total publications in this area received external funding support. The 145 countries partcipitated in global research output on "Impact of COVID-19 on Children and Adults", of which the top 10 countries accounted for 85.21% and more than 100% share of global publications and citations. The USA, U.K. and Italy leads in global publications ranking and productivity as against China (3.16), U.K (1.28) and USA (1.27) leading in terms of relative of relative citation index. The 412 organizations and 661 authors participated in global research on this theme, with top 15 most productive organizations and authors contributing 21.07% and 4.30% global publications share and 38.05% and 12.98% global citations share. Harvard Medical School, USA, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China and Tongji Medical College, China leads the world as the most productive organizatons (with 480, 67 and 63 publications) and Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China (31.97 and 3.85), Tongji Medical College, China (19.92 and 2.40) and Children Hospital of Philadelphia, USA (19.30 and 2.32) leading as the most impactful organizations in the world in terms of citation per paper and relative citation index. D.Buonsensov, C.Calvo and X. Lu were the most productive authors (with 15, 12 and 12 papers) and X.Lu (103.83 and 12.49), A. Licari ( 40.11 and 4.83) and G.L. Marseglia( 34.09 and 4.1) were the most impactful authors. JAMA Pediatrics, Pediatrics Infectious Disease Journal and Acta Paediatrica International Journal of Pediatrics were the most productive journals (with 71, 60 and 58 papers) and Pediatrics (36.59, JAMA Pediatrics (19.49) and Acta Paediatrica International Journal of Pediatrics (14.93) were the most impactful journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity (CHO) has gradually increased in India over the past two decades and has necessitated advanced research to address it. Assessing CHO-related research conducted so far is necessary to guide future research. However, a bibliometric assessment of Indian CHO research is unavailable. Aim: The study aimed to map the CHO research published in India during the last two decades. Materials and Methods: The publication data was retrieved from Elsevier's Scopus database using a predefined search strategy. The quality of publications was assessed using indicators such as citations per paper (CPP), relative citation index (RCI), and Hirsch index (HI). Results: India contributed 705 (1.8%) to a global total of 37,762 publications and is currently ranked 15th in CHO-related research; the top 3 countries are the USA, UK, and Australia with 38.1%, 9.6%, and 6.5% publication share respectively. The annual growth in India's publications was 27.4% compared to the global average of 8.7%. The research quality has declined (average CPP 50.6 during 2002-2011 and 25.4 during 2012-2021). Only 25.2% of publications were internationally collaborative. The most productive organizations were AIIMS, New Delhi, PGIMER, Chandigarh, and St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, whereas Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, J&K, and Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi were the most impactful. CS Yajnik, N Tandon, and V Khadilkar were the most prolific, whereas A Laxmaiah, HPS Sachdev, and V Mohan were the most impactful authors. Seven of the ten top productive journals were Indian, but only three were among the most impactful. Conclusion: India lags in CHO research behind other countries having similar current and future projections for the prevalence of CHO. Its research output, but not impact, has increased over the past two decades. India's international collaboration in CHO research is meager. Our analysis identifies the contributions of various stakeholders in addressing CHO and provides a framework for researchers, policymakers, organizations, and national government for future research to develop interventions for effective prevention and control of CHO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to evaluate global research output (103054 records) on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) based on quantitative and qualitative indicators. It presents a bibliometric profile of most influential countries, organizations, authors and journals and their collaborative linkages, besides identifying broad subject areas of research, most significant keywords and highly-cited papers related to COVID-19. During 2020-21, more than 150 countries participated in COVID-19 research, of which top 10 countries accounted for a 82.93% global share. The USA, China and U.K. produced the most articles (25.86%, 10.77% and 10.7% respectively). The top three organizations, namely Harvard Medical School, USA, Huazhong University of S&T, China and Tongji Medical College, China contributed 1755, 1344 and 1267 papers, respectively. The most cited organizations in COVID-19 research are: Peking Union Medical College, China (97.41 CPP), University of Hong Kong (82.17 CPP) and Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (59.88 CPP). The top three most productive authors are: V. Wanitlit, E. Mahase and G. Lacobucci (with 152, 135 and 108 papers). The top three most cited authors in terms of citations per paper (CPP) are: Y. Hu (319.82), L. Liu (303.91) and J.F.W. Chan (169.55). The most productive organizations originate from most productive countries and they contribute the most collaborative papers. The top three journals, namely International Journal of Environmental Research, BMJ and PLOS One contributed 961, 854 and 781 papers, respectively. The top three journals in terms of citations per paper (CPP) are New England Journal of Medicine (122.78), The Lancet (106.3) and JAMA (75.17). The most ubiquitous topic was COVID-19 clinical studies, with maximum focus on virological aspects (9.58%), respiratory aspects (6.97%), molecular aspects (3.11%), genetic aspects (3.09%) and immunological aspects (1.3%). The results of this study should be of interest to working scientists, clinicians and policy-makers in improving their understanding of COVID-19 disease and in its management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The paper deals with gender dysphoria (gender identity) and helps the reader understand that people are not born in wrong bodies thus linking the understanding with unnatural behaviour. Methods: The second part compares transgenderism with a psychiatric condition: clinical lycanthropy. We see a case of someone believing he was a bird and how he was cured. Results: The author highlights similarities between the two conditions. In both scenarios there could be delusions and the individuals are unhappy with their bodies. The unshakeable belief in drastically changing one's body is not normal and should receive psychological or psychiatric treatment. Conclusion: A number of bioethical statements are presented. The author reminds healthcare workers to adhere to the medical principle of 'first do no harm' when considering gender affirmative treatment and advises that political decisions should not be based on just palliative approaches. It is concluded that gender remains binary. The transgender or third gender is a socio-political construct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SARS-CoV-2, commonly referred as COVID-19, has emerged as the most severe public health concern of the twenty - first century. Coronavirus usually is not very lethal to the persons who do not have any medical conditions, but it is fatal to people who have had past medical conditions that have often resulted in death. The objectives of this paper is to look at the effects of coronavirus on older diabetes patients, who are thought to be the ones who were affected the most by COVID-19. This research used a qualitative approach and was descriptive in nature. The researcher has purposefully chosen three areas in Dhaka city as the studies fixate: Shahbag, Khilgaon, and Rampura. Data was gathered using qualitative methods such as focus group discussion and key informant interviews. According to the study's findings, COVID-19 had a serious effect on older adults with diabetes. The number of patients at the hospital had significantly decreased. Despite the fact that hospitals were equipped to provide treatment and care, patients' mobility was limited. Many people preferred virtual consultation or telemedicine to face-to-face consultation and care. Doctors encouraged individuals to connect digitally, which is both safe and feasible in the face of the global pandemic. The expense of a diabetic patient rose, according to the majority of respondents. According to the findings, the pandemic is spurring new diabetes-care delivery methods. Many structural flaws were exposed as a result of Covid-19, paving the door for additional improvements in healthcare delivery in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a quantitative and qualitative profile of Thrombosis research in India, based on 4026 publications indexed in Scopus database during 2000-19. Indian research output on Thrombosis registered 11.64% annual growth, averaged 13.54 citations per paper and contributed 2.26% global share (with 13th rank) and 14.13% share devoted to international collaborative papers. Thrombosis research applications across subjects were the largest in medicine (87.93%), followed for other subjects with contribution from 5.84% to 10.08%), etc. The distribution by type revealed that Venous Thrombosis accounted for the highest share (52.36% share), followed by Arterial Thrombosis (29.01% share), Limb ischemia (1.49%) and Hepatic artery thrombosis (0.72%) during 2000-19. AIIMS- New Delhi (374 papers) and PGIMER-Chandigarh (280 papers) lead the country as the most productive organizations. Besides, GMCH-Chandigarh (66.80 and 4.93) and Fortis Healthcare Limited (47.82 and 3.53) lead the country as the most impactful organizations in terms of citation per paper and relative citation index. K. Ghosh (61 papers) and R. Saxena (51 papers) lead the contry as most productive authors and K. Sarin (115.32 and 8.52) and D. Dash (44.29 and 3.27) lead as the most impactful authors. Indian Heart Journal (with 160 papers), BMJ Case Reports (133 papers) and Neurology India (115 papers) topped the list of most productive journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a quantitative and qualitative dimensions of congenital heart defect (CHD) research output in India, based on publications data (1335) indexed in Scopus database during 2000-19. CHD research registered 10.0% growth, averaged 7.07 citations per paper, contributed 3.04% share to the global output and constitute 13.48% share of India's research as international collaborative. CHD research is skewed as top 10 countries account for 83.23% of global output. India ranks as the 10th most productive country in the world. The distribution of CHD research by type of research reveal that Tetralogy of Fallout accounted for the highest share (34.31% share), followed by Aortic Stenosis (30.41%), Atrial Septal Defects (28.16%), Ventricular Septal Defects (26.22%), etc. AIIMS - New Delhi, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Coimbatore and PGIMER - Chandigarh lead the country as the most productive organizations (with 222, 73 and 64 papers). Besides, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Coimbatore (33.88 and 4.79), SCTIMST - Trivandrum (30.73 and 4.35) and Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi (17.20 and 2.43) lead the country as the most impactful organizations in terms of citation per paper and relative citation index. B. Airan, A. Saxena and S. Talwar have been the most productive authors (with 63, 63 and 59 papers) and P. Khairy (16.31 and 2.31), B. Vaidyanathan (14.3 and 2.03) and R.K. Kumar (10.53 and 1.49) have been the most impactful authors. Indian Heart Journal, Annals of Pediatric Cardiology (84 papers) and Annals of Cardiac Anaesian (53 papers) topped the list of most productive journals (with 110, 84 and 53 papers). International Journal of Cardiology (18.62), Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions (16.64) and Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia (11.65) leads in ranking in terms of citation per paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection that has shown a surge during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive assessment of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) research is lacking. Methods: We searched Elsevier's Scopus database for publications on CAM using a pre-defined search strategy. Data on publications numbers, citation metrics, contributing countries, institutions, authors, journals, and the most cited articles were analyzed using select bibliometric tools. Results: Published CAM research included 253 publications. These were cited 1560 times, averaging 6.1 citations per paper. Only 33 (13%) were funded. Original articles (55.7%) and reviews (17.7%) constituted the major share of global output. The studied age groups included adults (22.5%), middle-aged (19.3%), elderly (10.6%), and adolescents (0.8%). Studies on treatment accounted for the largest share (58.5%), followed by clinical studies (28.0%), complications (17.3%), risk factors (11.7%), epidemiology (7.9%), and pathophysiology (3.1%). The participating countries were 64; India, the USA, and Egypt led in productivity, whereas France, the USA, and Iran were more impactful. Of the 84 organizations, the leading organizations were PGIMER-Chandigarh, AIIMS-New Delhi and Cairo University, Egypt. A. Chakrabarti, V. Muthu, and S.M. Rudramurthy were the most productive of 160 participating authors. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, and Journal of Fungi were the most active journals that published CAM research. Conclusion: Research on CAM has primarily been conducted in middleincome countries and is low on quality. High-income countries need to collaborate with lowand middle-income countries for a sustainable and universal CAM research impact. There is also a need to focus on research gaps such as pathophysiology and epidemiology in future CAM research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper investigates vaccine storage and distribution in Kushtia, Bangladesh. Planning and executing the distribution of vaccines and maintaining their quality plays a vital role in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. This study aims to identify the vaccine distribution processes, vaccine handling, and systems management processes to achieve the goal of ensuring the successful operation of the vaccine supply chain system and to help determine if promoting the outsourcing of vaccine cold chain in Kushtia is a viable strategy. Materials and Methods: Survey data was collected from both public and private institutions. The research involved a total of 403 respondents (371 males and 22 females). The study integrates spatial analysis using static maps and web maps and contains data on the most commonly used vaccine, the most needed vaccine, the age group who receives the highest number of vaccinations, vaccine distribution information, vaccine logistics information, inventory information, and finally the problem of vaccine distribution. Results and Conclusion: The study identified that there is a need for proper system storage and distribution in the rural area of Bangladesh and offers recommendations to improve the existing status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mucormycosis is a well-researched infection worldwide. The Indian contribution to global Mucormycosis research remains unevaluated. Materials and Methods: Elsevier's Scopus database was used to retrieve Indian publications on mucormycosis during 1998-2021. The extracted data were analyzed in terms of the number of publications, citation metrics, top productive organizations and authors, research collaborations, and active journals, using appropriate bibliometric tools. Results: India produced 799 publications on mucormycosis during 1998-2021. The publications grew at 8.5% annually and 175.1% cumulatively and received on average 9.6 citations per paper (CPP). Only 8.7% of publications involved international collaboration. The most researched types of mucormycosis were pulmonary and gastrointestinal, while diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis were the top risk factors studied. Most of the research focused on clinical studies and treatment, while genetics was the least researched aspect of mucormycosis. The top 20 of the 294 organizations and 384 authors that participated in research contributed 59.7% and 29.4% to the total national output, and 97.3% and 76.2% to total citations, respectively. The most productive organizations were PGIMER-Chandigarh, AIIMS-New Delhi, and CMC-Vellore, and the most prolific authors were A. Chakrabarti, M.R. Shivprakash, and J. Chander. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Mycosis, and BMJ Case Reports were the high-yielding journals, whereas Medical Mycology, Mycosis, and Journal of Postgraduate Medicine were the most impactful. Conclusion: Indian research in mucormycosis has shown consistent growth during 1998-2021. There is, however, a need to improve on collaborative research and focus on emerging areas such as the genetics of mucormycosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The world's second most populous country-India, witnesses 20-30% pregnancies that belong to the high-risk category out of the total pregnancies in the country. 12% of the global maternal deaths are attributed to India. The Rural areas of the country are further vulnerable to high maternal and infant mortality rates due to a rural-urban divide and unavailability of health resources. Objectives: The rationale of this paper is to understand and illustrate common High Risk Pregnancies (HRPs) in the rural area of Shorapur and to gauge the preparedness of the health facility in the area to help deliver safe child birth for the mother and the child. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in pregnant women attending the Antenatal Care (ANC) clinic in sub-district hospital of northern Karnataka over a period of 03 months. Results: A total of 601 high risk conditions were identified in ANC women. Of the total ANC women with HRP 44.1% (n= 265) had previous Caesarean Section, 15.1% (n=91) had RH incompatibility, 12.6% (n=76) were observed to be Short Primi, 9.7% (n= 58) experienced Bad Obstetric History/Antepartum Haemorrhage, 8.2%% (n=49) had Gestational Hypertension, 5.8%% (n=35), were severely Anaemic, 4.2% (n= 25) had Multiple pregnancy and the remaining 0.3% (n=3) had tumour, Gestational DM and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Discussion: As per the observed HRPs and respective health facility preparedness, two main barriers to safe pregnancy and childbirth emanated during the study - inadequate infrastructure and services for blood transfusion, dearth of trained health professionals. Conclusion: Direct referral of high risk cases to appropriate facilities that have the required capacity to support such cases must be made. Tele-medicine can be considered as an efficient alternative to connect the ANC women with the specialist doctor remotely for evaluation of HRPs. A blood storage unit must be established in all SDH hospitals as a minimum requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines 1970 Indian publications on Leishmaniasis research, as covered in Scopus database during 2008-17, registering an annual average growth rate of 17.68%, global publication share of 12.32%, international collaborative publication share of 26.85% and qualitative citation impact averaged to 17.28 citations per paper. The top 10 most productive countries individually contributed global share from 4.13% to 22.95% with largest global publication share coming from Brazil (22.95%), followed by USA (17.78%), India (12.32%), U.K., Iran and Spain (from 7.21% to 8.20%), France. Germany, Italy and Switzerland (from 4.13% to 5.95%) during 2008-17. Together, the 10 most productive countries accounted for 95.57% share of global publication output during 2008-17. Seven of the top 10 countries scored relative citation index above the world average of 1.32: Switzerland (2.17), Italy (2.0), U.K. (1.93), France (1.86), USA (1.80), Spain (1.58) and Germany (1.43) during 2008-17. Medicine, among subjects, accounted for the highest publications share (55.43%), followed by biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology (32.94%), immunology and microbiology (31.68%), pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics (20.81%), chemistry (7.77%) and agricultural and bio- logical sciences (7.56%) during 2008-17 The top 15 most productive Indian organizations and authors together contributed 78.38% and 57.06% respectively as their share of Indian publication output and 95.86% and 52.23% respectively as their share of Indian citation output during 2008-17. Among the total journal output of 1603 papers, the top 15 journals contributed 26.17% share to the Indian journal output during 2008-17. 20 papers registered from 102 to 5725 citations per paper, which together received 211897 citations, leading to an average of 594.85 citations per paper during 2008-17. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined 1181 global publications in Nipah virus, as covered in multidisciplinary and bibliographic Scopus database during 1999-2018, with a view to understand their growth rate, global share, citation impact, international collaborative papers share, distribution of publications by broad subjects, productivity and citation profile of top organizations and authors, preferred media of communication and bibliographic characteristics of high cited papers. The global publications in Nipah virus registered an annual average growth rate of 16.23% and its citation impact averaged to 28.05 citations per paper. Among the 62 countries participating in global Nipah virus research, the top 10 more productive countries account together for more than 100% of its global research output and citation share. The individual global publication share of top 10 most productive countries varied widely 4.23% to 45.98% during 1999-2018, with USA accounting for the highest publication share (45.98%), followed by Australia (16.77%), Malaysia (11.09% share), and other 7 countries (from 4.23% to 7.96%) during 1999-2018. Four of top 10 countries scored relative citation index above the world average of 1.28: Malaysia (1.67), Australia (1.47), Bangladesh (1.41) and USA (1.37) during 1999-2018. The international collaborative papers share of top 10 most productive countries in Nipah virus research varied widely from 24.56% (India) to 88.46% (Bangladesh). Medicine, among various broad subjects, contributed the largest publications share of 59.97% to global Nipah virus research, followed by immunology and microbiology (42.51%), biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology (21.25%), agricultural and biological sciences (11.85%), and other 3 sub-fields contribution varying from 4.57% to 6.10% during 1999-2018. Among various organizations and authors contributing to global Nipah virus research, the 15 most productive global organizations and authors together contributed 65.11% and 48.69% global publication share and 99.15% and 89.29% global citation share respectively during 1999-2018. Amongst 1077 journal papers (in 410 journals) in global Nipah virus research, the top 20 most productive journals contributed 40.39% share of total journal publication output during 1999-2018. Seventy nine (79) publications were found to be high cited, as they registered citations from 101-793 during 1999-2018 and they together received 114880 citations, which averaged to 188.359 citations per paper. Key words: Nipah virus, Virology, Infectious diseases, Global publications, Scientometrics, Bibliometrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper aims at investigating the sub-health status (SHS) of different social roles during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and analyzing its influencing factors. Design: A cross-sectional, convenience sampling including 1062 Chinese was conducted in March 2020. Statistical analysis was then performed for the data using SPSS 22.0. Results: The total SHS score for people with different social roles during the COVID-19 pandemic was 72.808±12.034; with the physical, psychological and social adaptive score were 80.252±12.336, 68.753±13.281 and 66.632±18.604 respectively. Univariate analysis showed that SHS scores for social adaptability were different in different places of residence, as well as physical, psychological and total SHS scores for different social roles (P< 0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that the social roles were a factor influencing the physical SHS score (P < 0.05), while gender was the factor influencing the psychological SHS score (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Human resource management needs improvement; meanwhile health consultation, enough time to rest and health care service are essential for medical staff, Centers for Disease Control (CDC) personnel, as well as couriers. Support to maintain work-family balance is seriously expected for female employees. Overall, the top priority in controlling COVID-19 is to protect their health both mentally and physically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Onchocerciasis is a serious neglected tropical disease caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus, transmitted by black fly which leads to blindness and chronic disability with estimated infection rate of about 37 million people in tropical Africa and in isolated foci in Yemen and Latin America and have caused a debilitating eye and skin disease in more than 5 million people with about 1.2 million visual impairment or blindness and half of this population residing in Nigeria. Background: Onchocerciasis or river blindness results from infestation by the nematode Onchocerca volvulus, characterized by eye affections and skin lesions with severe troublesome itching. It is a chronic, communicable, slowly progressive, parasitic disease which has being rated as the second-leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide annually. It is a neglected tropical disease of great public health concern which is transmitted by black fly with estimated infection rate of about 37 million people in tropical Africa and in isolated foci in Yemen and Latin America. It has caused a debilitating eye and skin disease in more than 5 million people with about 1.2 million visual impairment or blindness and an estimate of over 85 million people leaving in endemic areas with 99% of the cases resulting from Africa and half of this population residing in Nigeria. Also, estimate of about 120 million people are at a risk of contracting the disease due to the breeding habit of the vector. Methods: The databases Medline, WHO website, CDC website, PubMed, Web of Science World Factbook of Central Intelligence Agency, were searched for relevant studies published for the past five decades on onchocerciasis in Nigeria. Papers investigating it prevalence, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, government policy, world health organisation policy and recent findings as well as further finding in Nigeria were included. Results: Extrapolation of data from the past five decades on onchocerciasis infection in Nigeria has shown that the rate of infection is significantly reduced in certain areas of the country due to repeated administration of Ivermectin. However, in most regions the infection rate still persist with a percentage of up-to 24 (75%), 45.2%, lizard skin and leopard skin were seen in 3.5% and 2.0% respectively, hanging groin 2.6% and scrotal enlargement at 8.6%, (Bakundi district of Taraba state with infection rate in excess of 30%), 54.2% (Ibarapa Local Government Area of Oyo state), 61% and 71% (Kuhe and Gube community of Benue state), 83% (Oria North Local Government Area of Edo state) and certain patients were blind due to onchocerciasis and were positive to onchocerciasis test. 79.5% in Oyo state (159 patients test positive for onchocerciasis out of 200 patients), 94.5% in Kaduna state, (189 patients tested positive for onchocerciasis out of 200 patients). Conclusion: The results of this systematic review suggest that there have been a significant decrease in onchocerciasis infection in several regions of the country. However, the prevalence still persists mostly in river line area and regions which are inaccessible to the program as well as lack of orientation on the disease. Also, government policy on how often is Ivermectin made available to the people and making provision to reach these areas yet covered and the decreased in larvae control have also contributed to the high prevalence of the disease in Nigeria. This accounts for the reason why over 40% of the world prevalence rate is from Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of any nation hinges on its human capital. Human capital formation starts from early stages of childhood. Early childhood nutrition is one of the determinants of improved health and development. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of nutrition in impacting cognitive development, education attainment and skill development, which are the determinants of human capital. This is an attempt to analyse the intrinsic relationship between stunting and its intergenerational impact on human capital. Systemic review of literature method was put to use, to analyse the interactions between stunting and human capital. The search criteria limited the period to 30 years (1986-2017) and relevant to childhood nutrition. The search was drawn from PubMed, Web of Science and relevant independent surveys, journals and reports of repute. The study reveals that the human capital formation starts from the early stages of childhood and healthy childhood holds positive relationship to formation of human capital in the long run. Healthy childhood is largely attributed to improved nutrition which has an impact on underweight, wasting and stunting. While improvement in underweight and wasting can be achieved in short run, stunting is intergenerational and needs more long-term investments. Both nutrition specific as well as nutrition sensitive interventions play a critical role in development of robust human capital that leads to improved employability and enhanced earnings for an individual in the future. However, to have an impact on stunting, it calls for a shift in focus by augmenting investments towards nutrition sensitive domain as well, along with its present focus in nutrition specific domain. We use the evidences from South Asian and Sub Saharan countries, to make a case for India where 38 percent of children are stunted and where WASH, agriculture and women empowerment programmes do not focus on nutrition nor measure nutritional outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines 2483 global publications on thyroid research in India, as covered in Scopus database during 2007-16, experiencing an annual average growth rate of 10.76% and qualitative citation impact averaged to 4.75 citations per paper. India's share of internationally collaborative papers (ICP) was 8.82% during 2007-16, which increased from 8.19% to 9.21% from 2007-11 to 2012-16. The top 10 most productive countries individually contributed global share from 3.67% to 25.88%, with largest global publication share coming from USA (25.88%), followed by Italy (8.15%), etc. Together, the 10 most productive countries accounted for 73.75% share of global publication output during 2007-16. Medicine accounts for the largest share (77.57%) in Indian thyroid research, followed by biochemistry, genetics & molecular biology (23.60%), pharmacology, toxicology & pharmaceutics (8.46%), agricultural & biological sciences (3.34%) and neurosciences (2.54%) during 2007-16. The top 15 most productive research organizations and the authors collectively contributed 31.70% and 11.24% respectively as their global publication share and 34.72% and 17.58% respectively as their global citation share during 2007-16. The journals accounted 23.23% share of total journal publication output during 2007-16, increasing from 19.62% to 25.66% between 2007-11 and 2012-16. Of the total thyroid research output from India, the top 13 highly cited publications registered citations from 83 to 422 and they together received 2023 citations, with 155.61 citations per paper. These 13 highly cited papers were published in 11 journals, of which 2 papers were published in American Journal of Transplantation and 1 paper each in 10 other journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines 1422 global publications on health tourism research, as covered in Scopus database during 2007-16, experiencing an annual average growth rate of 7.26% and qualitative impact averaged to 8.78 citations per paper. The top 10 most productive countries individually contributed global share from 2.91% to 22.41%, with largest global publication share coming from USA (24.12%), followed by U.K. (12.59%), Canada and Australia (7.45% and 7.10%), India and Germany (3.45% and 3.38%) etc. Together, the 10 most productive countries accounted for 70.61% share of global publication output during 2007-16. Six of top 10 countries scored relative citation index above the average (1.46): Italy (2.97), Netherlands (1.99), Germany (1.92), Canada (1.66) and France (1.59) during 2007-16. Medicine, among subjects, contributed the largest publication share (66.67%),%), followed by social sciences (20.32%), business, accounting & management (12.38%), environment science (8.65%), biochemistry, genetics & molecular biology (5.70%), nursing (5.49%), arts & humanities (4.57%) and economics, econometrics & finance (3.66%) during 2007-16. The top 15 most productive organizations and authors together contributed 17.02% and 14.77% respectively as their share of global publication output and 27.66% and 32.41% respectively as their share of global citation output during 2007-16. Among the total journal output of 1317 papers, the top 10 journals contributed 17.16% share to the global journal output during 2007-16. Of the total global health tourism research output, the top 19 highly cited publications registered citations from 82 to 178 and they together received 2224 citations, with 117.05 citations per paper. These 19 highly cited papers involved the participation of 26 authors and 27 organizations. Among leading countries contributing to high cited research, the largest number of papers (7) came from USA, followed by U.K (5 papers), Italy (4 papers), Belgium, Netherlands and Canada (3 papers each), Denmark, Australia and Germany (2 papers each), Switzerland, France, New Zealand, Spain, Iran, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Israel and Chile (1 paper each). The 19 highly cited papers involved the participation of 95 authors and 78 organizations. These 19 highly cited papers were published in 16 journals; of which of which 2 papers were published in Emerging Infectious Diseases and Human Reproduction and 1 paper each in other journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines 3,653 Indian publications on lung cancer research, as covered in Scopus database during 2005-14, experiencing an annual average growth rate of 18.81% and citation impact of 4.20. The world lung cancer output (169,352 publications) came from several countries, of which the top 15 most productive countries (United States, China, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom, Italy, France, Canada, and South Korea) accounted for 93.17% share of the global output during 2005-14. India's global publication share was 2.16% and holds 12th rank in the global output during 2005-14. India's share of international collaborative publications on lung cancer was 17.79% during 2005-14, which decreased from 19.89 to 17.06% from 2005-09 to 2010-14. Breast cancer in the field of medicine accounted for the largest share (63.62%) of output, followed by biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology (28.77%); pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmaceutics (23.87%); chemistry (9.31%); agricultural and biological sciences (3.26%); and immunology and microbiology (2.23%) during 2005-14. Diagnosis, chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy among treatments methods together accounted for a share of 61.20% publications in Indian lung cancer research during 2005-14. Among the different states, Maharashtra, Delhi, Karnataka, Chandigarh, and Telangana together account for 53.41% share during 2005-14. In India's cumulative lung cancer publications output during 2005-14, the most productive 14 Indian organizations, 15 authors, and 15 journals together contributed to 33.71, 11.27, and 20.23% share, respectively. The 31 high-cited papers in lung cancer research registered an average citation per paper of 294.74. Of the 31 high-cited papers (19 articles and 12 reviews), 7 were single institution, 3 national collaborative, and 21 international collaborative papers. The 31 high-cited papers have appeared in 23 journals. In light of this, the authors suggest the need to develop a National Cancer Prevention Policy, which should make specific recommendations for national action by governments and non-government organizations, including programs and strategies, to reduce the incidence of specific preventable cancer types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Procrastination, generally out, is the practice of carrying out less urgent tasks in preference to more urgent ones, or doing more pleasurable things in place of less pleasurable ones and thus putting off impending tasks to a later time. The primary objective of this paper was to establish preliminary psychometric properties of General Procrastination Scale (GPS)-validity and reliability. The scale. Methods: The final version of GPS was administered on a randomized sample of 140 participants, 69 males and 71 females between the age group of 16 to 27 years. The target population included college students and working younger adults across various regional subdivisions of the metropolitan city of Mumbai. The sample of the test was selected via a Non Probability sampling method of Quota Sampling. Results: The Split Half Reliability was calculated equivalent to 0.711, which was similarly close to the value of Cronabch's Alpha correlation value, established at 0.714. The General Procrastination Scale was observed to be high on construct validity (0.76) when compared with performance on Lay's scale of Procrastination. The quartile deviation value was obtained to be 8 and 3 inter quartile ranges were developed for the scale - Q1-59, Q2- 66 and Q3- 75, where Q2 is equivalent to the median/mean of the scores on the scale. Conclusion: The test is a first of its kind, having been developed and standardized in a relatively collectivist culture and yet in a fairly modernized geographical region, opening grounds for greater research on cross cultural study of procrastination. The scale however has not been standardized on a statistically sufficient large sample of population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes 1078 India's publications on suicide research during 10 years, i.e., 2005-2014, as indexed in Scopus International Multidisciplinary Database. The study focuses on the various aspects of performance of India's suicide research, such as the publication growth, citation impact, international collaboration, subject-wise distribution of publications, contribution and citation impact of Indian organizations and authors, medium of communication, and characteristics of its high-cited papers. This study reveals that India's research output on suicides research witnessed an annual average growth rate of 10.49%, registered an average citation impact per paper of 9.75, and a share of 16.23% of international collaborative publications. India's global publication and share to world suicide research was 2.47% during 1999-2014. Medicine contributed the largest publication share of 84.32%, followed by pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmaceutics and social sciences (19.94%), environment science (9.37%), biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology (8.35% share), psychology (7.05% share), neuroscience (4.36% share), economics, econometrics, and finance (2.23% share), and immunology and microbiology (1.95% share) during 2005-2014. About 294 organizations and 356 authors participated in 1078 Indian papers in suicide research, of which the top 15 most productive Indian organizations and authors together contributed 36.18% and 17.44% publications share and 49.58% and 56.06% citation share to the India's publications and citation output on suicide research during 2005-2014. This study also suggests the need for taking up of measures at population, sub-population, and individual levels to prevent suicide and suicide attempts. Suicide is a complex issue and therefore suicide prevention efforts require coordination and collaboration among multiple sectors of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dream of universal health care demands a much larger and wider approach, engaging not just the public but also the private sector. This paper has attempted mapping the present public-private partnership scenario in India using the WHO health system functions framework, giving an insight into the nature and extent ofchallenge of the present dominant model. A systematic review methodology was adopted to identify published literature on private-public partnership in India. From an initial pool of 785 articles were identifi ed. Finally a total of 29 published articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included. The descriptive framework of Health system functions by WHO (2000), were used to analyze the data. All papers which were considered for the study were segregated based on the 4 prime health system functions: Financing; Management of non-fi nancial inputs; Health service delivery and Oversight. The literature review reveals that more than half of the papers (51.72%) selected for the study were focused on health service delivery functions and quite thin literature were available for other 3 functions, which includes fi nancing, management of non-fi nancial inputs and oversight functions as per WHO. This fi nding raise an important question if the genesis of most of the public-private partnerships is out of the inability of the public sector in reaching out to a particular target group by virtue of its geographical position or diffi culty in working with high risk groups. Considering the limitations of the present model of engagement of private and public sectors, it demands for an alternative model of engagement where the mutual strength that exists with each one of the partners, could be harnessed and complemented. An alternate model is to engage in tri-partite partnership (TPP) between the government, non-government and the corporates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyses the 1293 Indian publications in cataract research during 2002-2011, with a focus on contribution and citation impact of 15 most productive countries, India's overall contribution, its growth, citation impact, the share of international collaborative papers, identification of significant countries in India's international collaboration, different types of cataract research, analyses of research by subfields and different population age groups, productivity, and impact of leading Indian institutions and authors and pattern of communication of Indian output in most productive journals. The Scopus Citation Database has been used to retrieve the data for 10 years (2002-2011). Indian publications increased from 87 papers in 2002 to 195 papers in 2011, witnessing an annual average growth rate of 10.03%, registering an average citation impact per paper of 3.26 and international collaborative share of 21.58% during 2002-2011. Suggest that the government should encourage the decision makers and ophthalmologists and allied persons involved in ophthalmic services to make serious efforts in reducing the burden of cataract disease by increasing the R&D, strengthening of national and international collaboration and improve the existing training programs for ophthalmologic professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Huge investments have been made in implementing computerized Hospital Management Information Systems (HMIS) across the world, including developing countries. Economic evaluation studies have shown that HMIS implementations are beneficial. While measuring effectiveness, studies have compared the quality of data generated in the HMIS with paper-based systems and have shown that HMIS is more advantageous. However, not all HMIS implementations are successful. Many successful implementations are the result of a continuous process of re-engineering, with inputs obtained from the end-users at every stage of the implementation process. The aims of this study were to compare cost-effectiveness, end-user satisfaction and perspectives between HMIS and traditional paper-based system (TPBS). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluates the HMIS in government hospitals in Tamil Nadu using a mixed method approach. The study sample included 24 hospitals (13 HMIS and 11 TPBS), and hospital staffin four professional categories (doctors, staffnurses, pharmacists and lab technicians). Results: Cost-effectiveness analysis showed that HMIS implementation has high cost and high effectiveness with an ICER value of 3301.33. The Likert scale used to measure end-user satisfaction levels found that end-users were highly satisfied with HMIS as compared to TPBS. Conclusions: The study demonstrated the high cost and high effectiveness of HMIS implementation. The 'accuracy of data', 'content of the system' and the 'timely availability' characteristics of HMIS were highly appreciated by the users, whereas in TPBS, the users appreciated the 'user friendly' nature of this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study quantitatively analyze Indian dengue research output during the 10 years from 2003 to 2012, using Scopus international multidisciplinary database. The study focused on global publication output, share, rank, and citation impact of top 15 most productive nations, India's publications output, growth, global publication share and research impact, international collaborative papers share in national output and the share of major international collaborative partner countries in total India's international collaborative papers, contribution of various sub-fi elds and distribution by population age groups, productivity and citation impact of its leading Indian institutions and authors and Indian contribution in most productive journals. Indian contribution in dengue fever research consisted of 910 papers, which increased from 27 papers in 2003 to 193 papers in 2012, witnessing an annual average growth rate of 28.19%.Among the top 15 most productive countries, India holds second position in dengue fever research output, with global publication share of 10.22% during 2003-12. The average citation per paper scored by India was 3.27, the least among the top 15 most productive countries during 2003-12. India's share of international collaborative papers was 10.55% during 2003-12, which increased from 9.12% during 2003-07 to 11.13% during 2008-12. The present India's research efforts in dengue research are low in view of the 50,222 cases of dengue in 2012 alone. The country needs to increase its research output and also increase its research impact substantially particularly through enhanced national and international collaboration, besides evolving a national policy for identifi cation, monitoring and control of dengue cases and also evolving a research strategy with suffi cient funding commitment to solve this growing national problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: While the adolescents are trying to adapt to changing life styles and emerging challenges, they are also becoming increasingly aggressive/violent. This is largely attributable to increased competition, stress, and anxiety, besides poor parenting methods. Several studies seek to understand the causes for this delinquency and search for preventive interventions. Indian traditional texts claim that yoga is one of the important preventive interventions. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of yoga in addressing the non-clinical adolescents' beliefs about aggression and alternatives compared to physical exercises (PE). Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty eight normal healthy adolescents participated in this 'Randomized Control Trial' design study (Yoga: 76, aged 14.03±1.00 years; PE: 82, aged 14.06 +/- 1.03 years). Yoga/PE intervention was for one hour a day, five days a week, for four weeks. Adolescents' 'beliefs about aggression and alternatives' were measured using 'beliefs about aggression and alternatives scale' developed by Multisite violence prevention project (2004). Data analysis was done using SPSS 21.0. Results: Yoga practitioners significantly decreased their overall beliefs supporting aggression (p<.05) and significantly increased their beliefs favoring alternatives to aggression (p<.05), compared to PE practitioners. Conclusion: Four weeks yoga practice significantly reduces the adolescents' beliefs supporting aggression and increases their beliefs supporting alternatives to aggression compared to PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Identification of the effect of valid factors on students' academic performance is of great importance to student counseling and policy making. Aims: This study was carried out to find the predictors of academic performance of 2nd year undergraduate medical students of a renowned Medical College of Kolkata. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Kolkata. The information on factors like attendance percentage, sex, place of residence, previous academic performance of the entire batch of 2nd year students was collected from the departments' academic records and through personal interview. The association of the above mentioned factors with students' academic performance was determined through statistical analysis using t-test and multiple linear regression modeling and the results were reported. Results: Academic performance is found to be weakly correlated with attendance. Better academic grade was observed for the group with high attendance percentage compared to the other with low attendance percentage (P < 0.01). Higher percentage of marks was observed to be scored by female students (P < 0.01), local students (P < 0.01) and high performers who were capable of successfully clearing their 1st year's coursework in their first attempt (P < 0.01). Conclusion: All the factors studied in this paper which includes attendance, sex, place of residence and previous academic performance serve as predictors in understanding students' performance. Among the above mentioned, the attendance of the students is an important factor that has to be monitored and regulated through corrective actions to improve the performance of the class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around 2.5 million people become infected with HIV each year and after 30 years of the HIV epidemic more than 34 million persons are living with HIV infection. This extraordinary toll on human life and public health worldwide will only be reversed with effective prevention. There is a need for evidence-based interventions that can be implemented to treat the established infections and prevent the new ones from happening. This paper aims to discuss about different types of HIV prevention strategies that are effective and practiced in different countries with special emphasis on evidence for success. A review of the literature was done to get the information about the successful interventions for HIV prevention from different countries. The literature was accessed from health and medical sciences databases available on the internet. All the relevant peer-reviewed journals and reports were studied and were categorically discussed in detail with the evidence. For a successful reduction in HIV transmission, there is a need for an aggregate effect of radical and sustained behavioral changes in a sufficient number of individuals potentially at risk. Reductions in HIV transmission need widespread and sustained efforts, and a mix of communication channels to disseminate messages to motivate people to engage in range of options to reduce the risk. The effect of behavioral strategies could be increased by aiming for many goals that are achieved by use of multilevel approaches with populations both uninfected and infected with HIV. These prevention programs operate on different levels to address the specific, but diverse needs of the populations at risk of HIV infection. There is an urgent need for greater demand and greater support from communities and policymakers for rights-based, evidence-informed prevention strategies. And the prevention experts need to overcome the prejudices and political sensitivities that have impeded implementation of the HIV prevention programs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative research methodology enables researchers to explore social and behavioural issues related to public health that are not achievable with quantitative methods. Several complex public health issues can be better understood by exploration using qualitative methodologies. However, these methodologies are underutilized in public health research particularly in developing countries. This paper aims to introduce qualitative research to students and researchers in public health in developing countries and to encourage its use in research by presenting an overview of how to undertake a qualitative research study. Key aspects of this methodology include choosing and working within a theoretical framework, recruitment of participants, following the right process of data analysis, and presentation of findings for publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Postponement of fi rst pregnancy is known to be associated with a variety of interdependent factors such as age, education, income, occupation, religion, caste, and cash incentives. This paper examines the relationship and effects of some of these factors on postponement of fi rst pregnancy among newly married couples in Satara district. Objective: To study the interdependency of age, years of schooling, income, and cash incentive on postponement of fi rst pregnancy among newly married couples. Materials and Methods: This study employed quasi-experimental study design. Duly trained multipurpose workers interviewed husbands and auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) interviewed the wives; preferably in separate rooms using pretested semi-open proforma. Statistical analysis was done using STATA®version 12 statistical software. Results: Out of 1,355 participants; 704 couples successfully postponed fi rst pregnancy by 2 years, but 651 couples could not do so. Participants were signifi cantly successful in postponing pregnancy by 569.13 vs. 353.89 days for controls. Age and education of female participants were signifi cantly associated with postponement of fi rst pregnancy; while age, education, and income of male participants were not associated with postponement. Conclusions: Higher age, more education, and higher income appear to be associated with acceptance of postponement of pregnancy and appear to be acting synergistically in both male and female participants as compared to nonparticipants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public provisioning of quality health care to make available affordable and reliable health services constitutes the focal point of national health programs and policies. Signifi cant progress has been achieved over the decades during the various 5-year plan periods. The present paper discusses the changes achieved in the key areas of health over the XI 5-year plan period and further proposals for important areas under the XII 5-year plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The state of Chhattisgarh today faces several challenges in improving the health status of its people. The on-going problems of maternal and child mortality, communicable diseases, and HIV/AIDS pandemic still need greater interventions/support from the already overburdened health systems. In addition, the public health challenges include the escalating burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Keeping all these things in mind a study was carried out to have an overview of the public health scenario of Chhattisgarh. Aim: This paper aims to review the different public health indicators of Chhattisgarh. Materials and Methods: This study comprised of reviewing different health indicators of Chhattisgarh adopting three different methods during the period March-April 2013. The methods were: (i) extensive online search, (ii) reviewing the related literatures from different journals and other authentic printed materials, and (iii) information collected from public health experts through e-mail, telephone, or direct interaction. Results: Out of 2.55 crore populations in the state (as per Census 2011), 78% lives in rural areas and 37% of the population is tribal. The sex ratio is 968 and the literacy rate is 65.5% in population above 7 years of age. There is a shortage of trained health care providers in Chhattisgarh. The crude birth rate is 23.5 per 1000 (population Annual Health Survey [AHS] 2011-2012). The infant mortality rate is 48 per 1000 live births (SRS 2012). Malnutrition, anemia, sickle cell hemoglobinopathy, Beta thalassemia trait, and G6 PD enzyme defi ciency are very high among the tribes of Chhattisgarh. Malaria has been a major health problem. Chhattisgarh is one of the states with annual parasite index >5 (MRC report). The other states are Rajasthan, Gujarat, Karnataka, Goa, Southern Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, and Northeastern states. Conclusion: From a public health point of view, most of the health indicators are below national average and unsatisfactory. The human resources gap, poor physical infrastructure, inadequate health education and awareness, poor health-seeking behavior, and inadequate healthcare utilization compound the problem. Indicators related to health and health care delivery are outcomes of research in diverse fi elds other than the department of health. Putting them together and projecting them in a public health view point encourage others to focus on the neglected indicators/areas. However, further research is needed to have a clear database in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper investigates a swift gastrointestinal outbreak in central India and further explores environmental, agent, and host interactions culminating into outbreak. Materials and Methods: Epidemic investigation was launched as per the standard protocol laid by Center for Disease Control to capture the clinico-microbiological pattern of disease. Descriptive and observational epidemiological analysis was performed. Results: This cholera like watery diarrheal episode presented along with vomiting and abdominal cramps had an attack rate of 45.11%. The mean duration of illness was 61 h with a predilection to pediatric age group. Clinico-microbiological picture probed the enterotoxicogenic Escherichia coli contaminated well-water as a source for the outbreak initiated by geo-environmental stimulation. Conclusion: The findings endorse the need of serviceable environmental sanitation strategies in order to prevent the disease transmission through water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper aims to determine the difference between the health and social conditions of women who had their first pregnancy as teenagers (13-19 years old) and those who had their first pregnancy during post-adolescence (20-41 years old). Materials and Methods: The results were based on a structured, 60-item interview schedule with 132 cases (71 teenagers and 61 women ⩾ 20 year old) in Trinidad and Tobago. These cases comprised Afro-Trinidadians, Indo-Trinidadians, and Trinidadians of "Mixed" ancestry, who were all recruited by nurses in three health centers in Northern Trinidad, during the period October 2004 to October 2005. The main issues of concern regarding the respondents were history of stillbirths, abortion, contraceptive use, intended family size, marital status, and employment status. Data were analyzed, using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 12.0. Results: While the study shows similarity between the two groups of respondents, in terms of their breast-feeding practices, there were differences regarding teenage mothers who experienced a higher level of unemployment (35%), single and common law relationships (81%), and lower contraceptive use (11.8%). The older mothers were more likely to be classified as unskilled (34.4%) compared to 22.5% for the teen group. Conclusions: The findings reveal that teenage pregnancy is considered a risk factor and has socio-economic implications regarding the lives of the mother and child in terms health, income, employment, and marital status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global burden of non-communicable diseases is rapidly increasing, and the essential management strategy is to follow a healthy lifestyle. Ayurveda can play a major role in this aspect, as the primary aim of Ayurveda is to prevent diseases by following a healthy lifestyle. However, in order to implement such classical knowledge (that is, healthy lifestyle based on Ayurvedic principles) into real practice, a systematic process needs to be followed. This systematic process must include robust research studies (that is, development and evaluation of Ayurveda-based lifestyle intervention) and behaviour change of people. This paper describes these two important steps in detail. In conclusion, there is a huge scope of implementing classical Ayurvedic knowledge into real practice, which will be beneficial to all of the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]