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SARS-CoV-2, commonly referred as COVID-19, has emerged as the most severe public health concern of the twenty - first century. Coronavirus usually is not very lethal to the persons who do not have any medical conditions, but it is fatal to people who have had past medical conditions that have often resulted in death. The objectives of this paper is to look at the effects of coronavirus on older diabetes patients, who are thought to be the ones who were affected the most by COVID-19. This research used a qualitative approach and was descriptive in nature. The researcher has purposefully chosen three areas in Dhaka city as the studies fixate: Shahbag, Khilgaon, and Rampura. Data was gathered using qualitative methods such as focus group discussion and key informant interviews. According to the study's findings, COVID-19 had a serious effect on older adults with diabetes. The number of patients at the hospital had significantly decreased. Despite the fact that hospitals were equipped to provide treatment and care, patients' mobility was limited. Many people preferred virtual consultation or telemedicine to face-to-face consultation and care. Doctors encouraged individuals to connect digitally, which is both safe and feasible in the face of the global pandemic. The expense of a diabetic patient rose, according to the majority of respondents. According to the findings, the pandemic is spurring new diabetes-care delivery methods. Many structural flaws were exposed as a result of Covid-19, paving the door for additional improvements in healthcare delivery in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dream of universal health care demands a much larger and wider approach, engaging not just the public but also the private sector. This paper has attempted mapping the present public-private partnership scenario in India using the WHO health system functions framework, giving an insight into the nature and extent ofchallenge of the present dominant model. A systematic review methodology was adopted to identify published literature on private-public partnership in India. From an initial pool of 785 articles were identifi ed. Finally a total of 29 published articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included. The descriptive framework of Health system functions by WHO (2000), were used to analyze the data. All papers which were considered for the study were segregated based on the 4 prime health system functions: Financing; Management of non-fi nancial inputs; Health service delivery and Oversight. The literature review reveals that more than half of the papers (51.72%) selected for the study were focused on health service delivery functions and quite thin literature were available for other 3 functions, which includes fi nancing, management of non-fi nancial inputs and oversight functions as per WHO. This fi nding raise an important question if the genesis of most of the public-private partnerships is out of the inability of the public sector in reaching out to a particular target group by virtue of its geographical position or diffi culty in working with high risk groups. Considering the limitations of the present model of engagement of private and public sectors, it demands for an alternative model of engagement where the mutual strength that exists with each one of the partners, could be harnessed and complemented. An alternate model is to engage in tri-partite partnership (TPP) between the government, non-government and the corporates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around 2.5 million people become infected with HIV each year and after 30 years of the HIV epidemic more than 34 million persons are living with HIV infection. This extraordinary toll on human life and public health worldwide will only be reversed with effective prevention. There is a need for evidence-based interventions that can be implemented to treat the established infections and prevent the new ones from happening. This paper aims to discuss about different types of HIV prevention strategies that are effective and practiced in different countries with special emphasis on evidence for success. A review of the literature was done to get the information about the successful interventions for HIV prevention from different countries. The literature was accessed from health and medical sciences databases available on the internet. All the relevant peer-reviewed journals and reports were studied and were categorically discussed in detail with the evidence. For a successful reduction in HIV transmission, there is a need for an aggregate effect of radical and sustained behavioral changes in a sufficient number of individuals potentially at risk. Reductions in HIV transmission need widespread and sustained efforts, and a mix of communication channels to disseminate messages to motivate people to engage in range of options to reduce the risk. The effect of behavioral strategies could be increased by aiming for many goals that are achieved by use of multilevel approaches with populations both uninfected and infected with HIV. These prevention programs operate on different levels to address the specific, but diverse needs of the populations at risk of HIV infection. There is an urgent need for greater demand and greater support from communities and policymakers for rights-based, evidence-informed prevention strategies. And the prevention experts need to overcome the prejudices and political sensitivities that have impeded implementation of the HIV prevention programs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative research methodology enables researchers to explore social and behavioural issues related to public health that are not achievable with quantitative methods. Several complex public health issues can be better understood by exploration using qualitative methodologies. However, these methodologies are underutilized in public health research particularly in developing countries. This paper aims to introduce qualitative research to students and researchers in public health in developing countries and to encourage its use in research by presenting an overview of how to undertake a qualitative research study. Key aspects of this methodology include choosing and working within a theoretical framework, recruitment of participants, following the right process of data analysis, and presentation of findings for publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public provisioning of quality health care to make available affordable and reliable health services constitutes the focal point of national health programs and policies. Signifi cant progress has been achieved over the decades during the various 5-year plan periods. The present paper discusses the changes achieved in the key areas of health over the XI 5-year plan period and further proposals for important areas under the XII 5-year plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The state of Chhattisgarh today faces several challenges in improving the health status of its people. The on-going problems of maternal and child mortality, communicable diseases, and HIV/AIDS pandemic still need greater interventions/support from the already overburdened health systems. In addition, the public health challenges include the escalating burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Keeping all these things in mind a study was carried out to have an overview of the public health scenario of Chhattisgarh. Aim: This paper aims to review the different public health indicators of Chhattisgarh. Materials and Methods: This study comprised of reviewing different health indicators of Chhattisgarh adopting three different methods during the period March-April 2013. The methods were: (i) extensive online search, (ii) reviewing the related literatures from different journals and other authentic printed materials, and (iii) information collected from public health experts through e-mail, telephone, or direct interaction. Results: Out of 2.55 crore populations in the state (as per Census 2011), 78% lives in rural areas and 37% of the population is tribal. The sex ratio is 968 and the literacy rate is 65.5% in population above 7 years of age. There is a shortage of trained health care providers in Chhattisgarh. The crude birth rate is 23.5 per 1000 (population Annual Health Survey [AHS] 2011-2012). The infant mortality rate is 48 per 1000 live births (SRS 2012). Malnutrition, anemia, sickle cell hemoglobinopathy, Beta thalassemia trait, and G6 PD enzyme defi ciency are very high among the tribes of Chhattisgarh. Malaria has been a major health problem. Chhattisgarh is one of the states with annual parasite index >5 (MRC report). The other states are Rajasthan, Gujarat, Karnataka, Goa, Southern Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, and Northeastern states. Conclusion: From a public health point of view, most of the health indicators are below national average and unsatisfactory. The human resources gap, poor physical infrastructure, inadequate health education and awareness, poor health-seeking behavior, and inadequate healthcare utilization compound the problem. Indicators related to health and health care delivery are outcomes of research in diverse fi elds other than the department of health. Putting them together and projecting them in a public health view point encourage others to focus on the neglected indicators/areas. However, further research is needed to have a clear database in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]