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Background: Wound infection is a very common infection throughout the world and is causing a great fear in developing countries like Nepal. The present study was carried out in Kathmandu Model Hospital with an aim to find out the bacteriological episodes in pus samples in relation to age and sex, Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) and drug resistance pattern among the isolates. Methodology: A total of 157 pus samples included in the study were processed in the Microbiology laboratory of Kathmandu Model Hospital using standard microbiological techniques. Identification of organisms was done on the basis of microscopy, colony morphology, and biochemical tests. The antibiotic sensitivity testing of all isolates was performed by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar and interpreted as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Analysis of 157 pus samples showed (93, 59.24%) culture positive cases with (63, 67.74%) Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) isolates. Age group (21-30) was found to be the most vulnerable age group. Staphylococcus aureus (29, 28.71%) was the predominant organism isolated among gram positive bacteria and Escherichia coli (26, 25.74%) among gram negative bacteria. Gentamycin was the most sensitive antibiotic among gram positive bacteria whereas Amikacin being the most sensitive Antibiotic among gram negative bacteria. Conclusion: Antibiograms of isolates can serve as a tool for physicians to start an empirical treatment and minimize the drug resistance problem.

Tuberculosis is a particular infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis .The disease primarily affects the lungs and cause pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed with smear positive. The prospective case-control study was conducted in the Nepal Anti-Tuberculosis Association (NATA), GENETUP lab, Kalimati, Kathmandu from July 2010 to October 2010, on sputum samples from patient visiting at the GENETUP lab with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis cases without treatment and follow-up cases after DOTS and MDR treatment. A total of 299 sputum samples (170 from 78 suspected cases, 42 from 22 follow-up cases with DOTS treatment and 87 from Follow-up cases with MDR) were collected aseptically. The study clearly indicated that the case detection rate (efficacy) of fluorescent microscopy (AO stain) is remarkably higher than that of ZN (light microscopy) ,with aided advantages of less eye strain, easy visualization, less time consuming and even detection of low number of bacteria (paucibacillary cases) in comparison to ZN method. the correct diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis requires combination of AO (fluorescent microscopy), culture and biochemical analysis.