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This contribution presents miniaturization techniques for folded circular substrate integrated waveguide (FCSIW) cavity filters. The cavities support dual-mode operation. Two of these cavities are combined to form a fourth-order filter. Two filter designs are implemented. The first one serves as a reference and exhibits good manufacturability. For the second one, the cavity is modified, which leads to $50\%$ more compactness. The designs are experimentally verified with 10 GHz bandpass filters. Even though the achieved level of compactness requires higher technological effort, the measurements validate the miniaturization concept. The out-of-band rejection exceeds 40 dB between 11.2 and 30 GHz for the reference filter and between 11.3 and 33 GHz for the miniaturized one. The implemented components are compared with state-of-the-art filters.

A selection of hybrid frequency- and time-domain approaches is evaluated with respect to their suitability for predicting the multi-tone behavior of a reference Ku-band helix traveling-wave tube. For this, a frequency-domain code is extended by a selection of frequency-dependent and frequency-independent envelope models and compared to a number of simulated and measured responses to two-tone signal excitation with varying frequency spacing. The selected envelope methods are investigated both in the hybrid approach and based on measured TWT characteristics. Output levels and classical multi-tone metrics, such as intermodulation products and phase transfer factors, are considered. By reducing a modulation scenario to a number of significant sequences, a comparison to full physics-based frequency-domain simulation is presented to show the potential of the proposed approach.

In this contribution a dual-band, dual-polarized microstrip antenna element for array applications is presented. The patch antenna is designed to operate simultaneously at around 30 and 20 GHz, the up- and downlink frequencies of modern Ka-band satellite communication systems. The antenna is smaller than half the freespace wavelength at 30 GHz to enable its utilization as array element of dual-band ground terminals. Integrating transmitter and receiver circuits allows, in turn, for a very compact active terminal solution. To minimize production cost, the design is carried out in standard multilayer printed circuit board technology. The antenna features two distinct polarization ports suitable for either dual linear or dual circular polarization if both ports are excited in quadrature. The single antenna design process is described in detail and simulation and measurement results are presented. Finally, different arrays based on this patch antenna are evaluated by simulation and measurements.

In this study, a sparse multiple-input multiple-output radar system with difference co-array processing is presented. It consists of two non-uniform transmitter arrays in split configuration and a symmetrical hybrid receiver array. A combination of a periodically thinned array and two non-uniform sub-arrays is used to construct the receiver structure. A low-cost three-step optimization procedure is proposed to synthesize the array arrangement with system constraints. In addition, a combination of fast Fourier transform (FFT) and MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) techniques is applied for a range/direction-of-arrival estimation with low computational effort. High angular resolution is achieved in the MUSIC spectrum by implementing a difference co-array concept together with spatial smoothing. A thinning rate in excess of 95% is demonstrated. Lastly, the performance of the proposed system is validated by measurements of point scatterers and extended objects.

Two compact resonant near-field sensors are introduced for the characterization of aqueous solutions at 5 GHz. They are based on folded substrate-integrate circular half-mode resonators with a planar sensing tip. Owing to the planar design, the sensor is simple and cheap to manufacture, and a sample can be easily coupled to the resonator from the top. The operating principle of the sensor is explained and verified by both simulation and measurement. The radiation of the sensors is quantified by means of a quality factor analysis. Finally, a previously introduced calibration method based on the perturbation theory is applied to the sensors and its accuracy is improved by choosing more suitable reference materials.

Resonant substrate integrated near-field sensors are used for characterization of aqueous solutions at three different frequencies. In addition, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in a culture medium are characterized with the same sensors. Different concentrations as well as different vital states of cell suspensions are examined. The complex permittivity of the samples is evaluated using a linearized method based on perturbation theory. The permittivity differences between the measured cell suspensions are discussed. The resonant frequencies of the sensors are close to 3, 7, and 11 GHz, respectively.

A novel calibration network for patch antennas is proposed. We introduce magnetically coupled in-situ probes, which excite the fundamental patch mode. In that way, finite array effects and mutual coupling are taken into account, providing the opportunity for accurate online calibration of active antenna terminals. The specific advantages of the approach are demonstrated for linearly polarized patch antennas. Realization aspects of the multilayer antenna are discussed and the effect of some fabrication imperfections are investigated. Measured S-parameters as well as radiation simulation results of a single patch with the integrated probes are presented. Based on simulation of antenna arrays with in-situ probes the calibration accuracy is given in theory.