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Sameeha A Alshelleh,1 Ashraf O Oweis,2 Karem H Alzoubi3 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; 2Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 3Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Background: Improvements in health care systems worldwide have had notable effects on the life expectancy of older individuals. As a result, nonagenarians are emerging as a separate age group with distinct health care needs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), the mortality rates, and length of in-hospital stay among nonagenarians.Methods: This is a retrospective case–control chart review of patients of age 90 years and above who were admitted to hospital. Patients with Stage I, II, or III chronic kidney disease were included in the analysis. The incidence of AKI was determined using data from the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) classification. Primary outcome variables included length of in-hospital stay and mortality rates.Results: Of the 253 patients who were included in the study, the mean age was 91.5 years, 61 of the patients (25.9%) developed AKI, and 41 patients (66.1%) were in Stage I AKI according to AKIN criteria. Fifty-seven patients died during the study period; 57.9% of those patients had AKI. Hospital stay was longer in patients with AKI with a mean length of stay of 8.1 days. Congestive heart failure, cancer, and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were the main risk factors for AKI among those patients.Conclusion: AKI is common in nonagenarians. It was associated with increased length of hospital stays and increased risk for mortality. Keywords: acute kidney injury, elderly, geriatric, outcomes&nbsp

Ashraf O Oweis,1 Sameeha A Alshelleh,2 Ammar K Daoud,1 Mahmoud M Smadi,3 Karem H Alzoubi4 1Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 2Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; 3Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 4Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by contrast exposure is a common problem, which may cause a significant increase in patients in-hospital stay and therefore the cost of treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of inflammation, inflammatory markers in predicting contrast induced nephropathy (CIN). This is a prospective study that was carried out in a major tertiary referral hospital in Jordan. Methods: Clinical data, blood and urine samples were collected from all patients admitted to the cardiology unit. All patients who agreed to participate in the study had creatinine level analysis 48–72 hours after the procedure. The CIN was defined as an increase in serum creatinine by 25% or 44 μmol/L from the baseline within 48–72 hours after the contrast administration. Patients with stage 4, 5 renal failure, patients on dialysis, and patients with recent intravenous contrast use, active infection or cancer were excluded from the study. Results: Of the total 202 patients, 30 (14.8%) developed CIN. The incidence rate was 21.1% among females and 12.4% among males. In the multivariate analysis, beside eGFR, diuretics, and alkaline phosphatase, IL-33 was significantly associated with CIN, while the other cytokines did not to show this an association. Conclusion: Serum level of IL-33 was a significant predictor for development of CIN. Good clinical judgment and high serum levels of IL-33 may stratify patients into low and high risk for CIN. Keywords: acute kidney injury, contrast, cytokines, cardiac catheterization