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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite efficacies of currently available clinical and pharmaceutical approaches for the control of CVD risk factors, it seems that designing and developing of population-based interventions reducing tobacco use, advocating of physical activity, reducing harmful alcohol use, and promoting healthy diet is a cost-effective, permanent way and could play a major role in reduction of the burden of CVD. In this study, we reviewed some population-wide interventional programs and some nutritional intervention studies designed to prevent cardiovascular disease among Iranian populations.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR (is associated with multiple metabolic disorders, increasing thereby the risk of type 2 diabetes. The systematic review was performed to study the association between dietary patterns and insulin resistance. Method: The study was carried out in database of PubMed, Scopus, Iran Medex and Magiran for the main keywords including diet, insulin, insulin resistance, dietary pattern. Finding: Articles used collected for reviewwere publications until March 2015.Prospective cohort studies and cross sectional studies were selected based on their title, abstract and full text of the materials. After excluding experimental surveys and studies focused on children and randomized clinical trials, required information were extracted. The results show that “Western” dietary patterns rich in red meat, fried and processed dishes, refined cereals and carbohydrate with high glycemic index has statistically significant effects in incidence of insulin resistance. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review indicate that unhealthy food habits rich in trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids, refined carbohydrate with high glycemic index are related to the insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and risk of type 2 diabetes.

Background and aim. This study was conducted to investigate the association of consumption of nuts and dried fruits with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components adolescents. Material and Methods. In this cross-sectional study was conducted in 785 adolescents, aged 10-19 y, participated in the fourth phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Demographics, anthropometrics and biochemical measurements were evaluated. MetS and its components were defined based on a modified definition of de Ferranti. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dried fruits and nuts were included dried figs, raisins, dried berries, peanuts, almonds, walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts and seeds. To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in quartiles of dried fruits and nuts consumption, logistic regression models adjusted for confounding variables were used. Results. Mean age and body mass index of participants (47% male) was 14.8±2.9 years, and 22.1 ± 4.7 kg/m2, respectively. The prevalence of MetS was 22.2% (girls: 19.5% and boys: 25.2%). In the highest compared to lowest quartile of nuts and dried fruits, the prevalence of lipid disorders, abdominal obesity and MetS was non-significantly lower. Serum triglycerides significantly decreased across increasing consumption of nuts and dried fruits (P

The concept of functional foods in health promotion and disease management has been developed during the past two decades. Beyond the basic nutritional functions, functional foods have several potential biological properties and have hence been given much attention. Leguminous seeds (peas, beans, lentils, peanuts), rich sources of bioactive proteins and peptides, functional fiber, indigestible carbohydrates and phytochemicals, have been recently introduced them as unique functional foods. Studies showed that higher consumption of legumes could attenuate postprandial glycemia and insulinemia, increase insulin sensitivity, regulate lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, and diminish oxidative stress. The potential efficacies of leguminous seeds and their bioactive components have made them as excellent choice for supplementary treatment in type 2 diabetes.

Background and aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Tahini, a traditional functional food made from ground un-hulled sesame seeds, on glucose homeostasis parameters and serum high-sensitive reactive protein (hs-CRP) in diabetic patients. Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 41 patients with type 2 diabetes, who were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group A (Tahini 30 g/d, n=21) and group B (control, n=20). After an initial 2-week washout period, patients in group A, replaced a part of their usual breakfast with 2 tbsp (~28 g) Tahini, while group B patients continued the usual breakfast meal for 6 weeks. Insulin and hs-CRP levels were measured, and insulin sensitivity index and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) at were calculated baseline and 6 weeks intervention. Results: After 6-weeks, there was a significant 21.1% decrease in serum hs-CRP levels in group A. Slight but non-significant decrease in fasting serum glucose, serum insulin, insulin sensitivity index and HOMA-IR was observed during Tahini supplementation. Conclusion: Replacing a part of regular diet with Tahini as a functional food could attenuate sub-clinical inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: using functional food in diet planning and diet therapy is one of the newest approaches in prevention and treatment of non-communicable chronic diseases. Lentil has many bioactive and functional compounds and we have reviewed the influence of lentil in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in this review study. Materials and methods: In order to do search about mentioned objective key words including Lentils (Lens culinarisL.), functional foods, bioactive peptides, nutritional value, health polyphenol in combination with glycemic index (GI), insulin resistance, diabetes, cancer and hypertension, the sources in PubMed database were examined in the years between1986-2013. Key words such as lentils (Lens culinarisL.), functional foods, bioactive peptides, nutritional value, diabetes, cancer and hypertension were studied with access to Persian sources of Scientific Information Database (SID). Cell studies, animal models, clinical studies and review articles were used with favorable quality. Results: Lentils are rich sources of fibers, resistant starches, prebiotic compounds, phytochemicals, proteins and bioactive peptides, phenolic acids and antioxidants. Lentil has the highest total antioxidant capacity among other foods including apples, dates, raspberries, cherries, figs, oranges, garlic, cabbage and peanuts. High content of fibers and other phytochemicals are found in lentils that could improve glycemic response in diabetic patients, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and weight management. Lentils may have favorable effects in prevention of diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) prevalence. Conclusion: Increased dietary intake of lentils is considered as an important key in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and cancer diseases.

Health benefits of Lentil sprout (LS) have not yet been well documented. In this study, effects of LS consumption on glycemic parameters and anthropometric measurements in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes were investigated. Thirty-nine type 2 diabetic patients were randomly divided into two groups; LS group and controls. Patients in LS group received 60 g lentil sprouts daily, and the patients in control group continued regular diet. Anthropometric measurements, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBS), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were assessed at baseline and after 8-weeks. After 8 weeks, serum levels of HbA1c and HOMA-IR were lower in the LS group compared to control group (P