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AIM: To perform a bibliometric analysis in the field of primary angle-closure disease (PACD) research to characterize current global trends and compare contributions from different countries, institutions, journals, and authors. METHODS: All PACD-related publications from 1991 to 2022 from the Web of Science Core Collection database were extracted. Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer were used to collect publication data, analyze publication trends, and visualize relevant results. RESULTS: A total of 1721 publications with 34 591 citations were identified. China produced the most publications (554) while ranking third in citations (8220 times). The United States contributed the most citations (12 315 times) with publications (362) ranking second. The Investigative Ophthalmology Visual Science was the most productive journal concerning PACD, and Aung Tin was the author with the highest number of publications in the field. Keywords were classified into three clusters, epidemiology and pathogenesis research, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and other imaging examinations, and glaucoma surgery treatment. Genome-wide association, susceptibility loci, OCT, and combined phacoemulsification have become new hot research topics in recent years since 2015. CONCLUSION: China, the United States, and Singapore make the most outstanding contributions in the field of PACD research. OCT, combined phacoemulsification, and gene mutation-related study, are considered the potential focus for future research.

AIM: To investigate the treatment pattern and safety of tafluprost for glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OH) in clinical practice in China. METHODS: This post-marketing observational study included patients who received tafluprost to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) within 30d between September 2017 and March 2020 in 20 hospitals in China. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) during tafluprost treatment and within 30d after the treatment were collected. RESULTS: A total of 2544 patients were included in this study, of them 58.5% (1488/2544) had primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), 21.9% (556/2544) had OH and 19.7% (500/2544) used tafluprost for other reasons. Of 359 ADRs occurred in 10.1% (258/2544) patients, and no serious adverse event occurred. The most common ADR was conjunctival hyperemia (128 ADRs in 124 patients, 4.9%). Totally 1670 participants (65.6%) combined tafluprost with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs; 37.1%, 620/1670), sympathomimetics (33.5%, 559/1670), β-blockers (33.2%, 555/1670), other prostaglandin analogs (PGAs; 15.6%, 260/1670) and other eye drops (15.1%, 253/1670). The highest incidence of conjunctival hyperemia was noted in patients who received tafluprost in combination with other PGAs (23 ADRs in 23 patients, 8.8%, 23/260) and the lowest was in combination with CAIs (16 ADRs in 16 patients, 2.6%, 16/620). Tafluprost was applied in primary angle-closure glaucoma (41.6%, 208/500), after glaucoma surgery (17.8%, 89/500) and after non-glaucoma surgery (15.8%, 79/500). CONCLUSION: Tafluprost is safe for POAG and OH, and tolerable when combined with other eye drops and under various clinical circumstances.

AIM: To determine whether glaucoma patients exhibit an abnormal melatonin concentration in serum and the effects of psychiatric disorders caused by glaucoma in melatonin secretion. METHODS: A sample of 80 primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients, 120 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, and 120 normal controls were enrolled in this study. All the participants were asked to complete the following questionnaires: Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and self-rating depression scale (SDS). Variance analysis was used to compare the subscores between the groups. After that, we chose 58 patients with primary glaucoma and 20 non-glaucoma control patients to collect their serum samples at 7-10 a.m. Serum melatonin levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Of all participants, the scores of PSQI, SAS, and SDS in PACG and POAG group were 9.38±0.40, 46.08±8.99, 51.11±10.72 and 7.43±0.35, 45.42±9.87, 49.04±12.24 respectively, significantly higher than those in control group (4.16±0.28, 35.49±9.18, 40.31±13.08). The serum melatonin levels in PACG (37.29±2.99 pg/mL) and POAG (35.97±3.64 pg/mL) were significantly higher than the controls (29.96±3.94 pg/mL) (P

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of a registration system for the blind people and to monitor the blindness due to uncorrected refractive error and cataract in Jing’an district, Shanghai, China.METHODS: Five hundred and ten blind people, based on visual acuity screening in a population aged 70 or older were enrolled into the study. Four hundred and forty subjects were interviewed. The following data were collected on each patient: demographic data, number of hospital visits for eye related problems, distance visual acuity, visual fields, ophthalmic diagnoses, education and registration status. If the eligible subject was not registered as blind, the reason for non-registration was recorded.RESULTS: Ten point nine one percent blindness was due to cataract, 27.5% due to uncorrected refractive error, and only 61.59% met the eligible blindness criteria (uncorrected refractive error and cataract are not considered as eligible blindness). The first four leading causes of eligible blindness were age related macular degeneration (25.09%), myopic macular degeneration (21.40%), glaucoma (18.82%) and corneal disease (8.12%). Only 68.27% eligible blind people were registered. The patients with macular degeneration and glaucoma tended not to register. Blind people with an above primary school education were 2.59 times more likely to be registered than those who were illiterate or had only a primary school education (OR=2.59, 95%CI: 1.49-4.48, P

AIM: To investigate the features of retinal ischemic injuries in a novel mouse model with bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). METHODS: BCAS was induced with microcoil implantation in 6-8-week-old C57BL6 mice. Cerebral blood flow was monitored at 2, 7, and 28d postoperatively. Retinal morphological changes were evaluated by fundus photography and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) was performed to detect retinal vascular changes and circulation. The levels of apoptosis, activation of neurogliosis, and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in the retina were assessed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, followed by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density detection. Additionally, electrophysiological examinations including photopic negative response (PhNR) was also performed. RESULTS: The mice demonstrated an initial rapid decrease in cerebral blood flow, followed by a 4-week recovery period after BCAS. The ratio of retinal artery and vein was decreased under fundus photography and FFA. Compared with the sham mice, BCAS mice showed thinner retinal thickness on day 28. Additionally, apoptosis was increased and RGC density was decreased mainly in peripheral retinal region. Neurogliosis was mainly located in the inner retinal layers, with a stable increase in HIF-1α expression. The dark-adapted electroretinogram showed a notable reduction in the a-, b-, and oscillatory potential (OP) wave amplitudes between days 2 and 7; this gradually recovered over the following 4wk. However, the b- and OP-wave amplitudes were still significantly decreased on PhNR examination on day 28. CONCLUSION: BCAS can result in relatively mild retinal ischemia injuries in mice, mainly in the inner layer and peripheral region. Our study provides a novel animal model for investigating retinal ischemic diseases.

AIM: To compare the three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and choroidal thickness between fellow eyes of acute primary angle-closure (F-APAC) and chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (F-CPACG) and the eyes of normal controls. METHODS: This study included 37 patients with unilateral APAC, 37 with asymmetric CPACG without prior treatment, and 36 healthy participants. Using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), the macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness and three-dimensional CVI were measured and compared globally and sectorally. Pearson's correlation analysis and multivariate regression models were used to evaluate choroidal thickness or CVI with related factors. RESULTS: The mean subfoveal CVIs were 0.35±0.10, 0.33±0.09, and 0.29±0.04, and the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness were 315.62±52.92, 306.22±59.29, and 262.69±45.55 μm in the F-APAC, F-CPACG, and normal groups, respectively. All macular sectors showed significantly higher CVIs and choroidal thickness in the F-APAC and F-CPACG eyes than in the normal eyes (P

AIM: To measure the depths of different regions of the anterior chamber (AC) in healthy Chinese adults, and to explore possible correlations with age or gender. METHODS: The AC was imaged by swept-source optical coherence tomography in healthy Chinese adults. The horizontal scan of the right eye was used to measure the anterior chamber depth (ACD) at 199 points. RESULTS: A total of 309 images from 309 subjects were analyzed. The ACD values at nearly all locations were negatively correlated with age (all P