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WOS: 000404317300028 PubMed: 28576521 Objective: To investigate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on tympanosclerosis. Materials and methods: Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were separated into 4 groups as CAPE (n = 10), alcohol (n = 10), control (n = 8) and normal (n = 4) groups. All tympanic membranes except normal group were myringotomised and type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains was injected into their middle ears. Myringotomies were repeated for 5 weeks. Intraperitoneal (i.p) CAPE were administrated to the CAPE group at 10 mu mol/kg/day and 10% ethyl alcohol administrated to the alcohol group for 5 weeks. The control group were left untreated. Findings of myringosclerosis were recorded by otomicroscope at sixth week. Then, all rats were sacrificed and tympanic membrane thickness and severity of middle ear mucosal inflammation evaluated histopathalogically. Results: Severity of myringosclerosis was significantly higher in the alcohol and control groups compared to the CAPE group (p < 0.001), but was not significant when alcohol and control groups were compared (p = 0.17). The tympanic membrane thickness measured in the alcohol and control groups were significantly higher compared to the CAPE group (p < 0.001), but was not significant when alcohol and control groups were compared (p = 0.17). The severity of inflammation in the middle ear mucosa was significantly higher in the alcohol and control groups compared to the CAPE group (respectively, p < 0.001, p = 0.03). The severity of inflammation in the middle ear mucosa was not significant between alcohol and control groups (p = 0.30). Conclusion: CAPE has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on the development of MS in myringotomized rats, so reduces the severity of tympanosclerosis. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Samsun Training and Research Hospital This work was supported by the Samsun Training and Research Hospital.