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Background: Eczema or atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent skin diseases in the world. Although, the disorder is not fatal, it can cause life quality reduction. The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of atopic dermatitis on life quality of 1-6-year-old children. Materials and Methods: The current study is a descriptive and analytical one designed to assess quality of life (QOL) in 1-6-year-old children with atopic dermatitis in Kurdistan province (West of Iran). All the children who attended skin clinic of Besat Hospital, Sanandaj- Iran, during 2014 and 2016, participated in the study. Quality of life questionnaires were used to obtain data. Parents of the participating children were asked to complete the questionnaire. Index of Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) was used to determine the severity of the disease. The study data were analysis using Stata-12 software. Results: During the study, 53 children with atopic dermatitis were identified and 66.04% were male. According to the classification of SCORAD index, 54.36% of the children (19 subjects) were included in the moderate group (SCORAD 14-40) and 63.46% (33 persons) in the severe group (SCORAD> 40). Mean of life quality score was 9.24 ± 10.48 (range 0-30) and there was no statistically significant difference between the genders (P >0.05). Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between the quality of life and pain severity in AD children; and children with atopic dermatitis had low quality of life and itching, wound, discomfort and sleep disorder, were the factors that mainly impact on their life quality.

Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU), is one of the most common metabolic diseases that resulted in mental retardation. The study aimed to investigate the incidence of phenylketonuria in Lorestan province, Iran. Materials and Methods: The study was an observational-descriptive study which included all identified cases of patients from April 2006 to February 2016. The required data were collected from patients' records. The Entered variables in data survey checklist included gender, date of birth, County Residence, parental education, parental occupation, parental kinship, conducting genetic consultation and screening. Recorded data were analyzed in Stata-12 software after completion. Results: Newborns were identified with Phenylketonuria during the years 2006 to 2016 and incidence rate calculated 1.91 per 10,000 live births. The highest incidence rate of disease was 3.86 per 10,000 live births in 2014. Delfan (Nurabad) County and Borujer County had maximum and minimum rate of incidence with 5.94 per 10,000 and 0.64 per 10,000, respectively. Among 74 patients, 42 (56%), were female and there was patients' parental kinship in 82% of parents that about 92 percent of suffering children parents had done genetic consultation. Conclusion: The incidence of phenylketonuria in the Lorestan province is more than other provinces. Given that most cases of patients resulted from cousin marriages, paying attention to the screening tests prior to marriage, particularly in familiar marriage is essential.

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrine diseases and one of the major causes of preventable mental retardation. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of transient and permanent congenital hypothyroidism in Kurdistan province, Iran.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all registered congenital hypothyroidism neonate of health centers of cities covered by Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences during 2006 to 2014 entered to study. Demographic and laboratory information of CH neonates was collected and entered into the Stata-12 and was analyzed using student t-test and Chi-square statistic and P- value less than 0.05 was considered.Results: Overall incidence rate during 2006 to 2014 for province was 1.8, 2.3, 3.2, 4.3, 3.3, 4.0, 3.6, 4.6 and 2.7, respectively per 1000 neonates in this period. The number of diagnosed patients was 855 cases including 519 (60.7%) boys and 336 (39.3%) girls who 516 (60.4%) cases were from urban areas. Of the total patients, 202 (22.6%) were permanent. There was no significant difference between gender, location, type of childbirth, and season of birth with transient and permanent types of disease (P˃0.05); while, there was a significant statistical relationship between consanguineous marriages and congenital hypothyroidism (P

Background DOX is a powerful chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of solid tumors and malignant hematological diseases. However, its cardiac toxicity limits the clinical usefulness of this drug. Previous reports have shown Corticosteroids induce a cytoprotective effect on cardiomyocytes. Mouse transgenic embryonic stem cell-derived pure cardiomyocytes may be considered as a model for assessment pharmacological and toxicological effects of drugs in vitro. Methods Mouse transgenic embryonic stem cell-derived pure cardiomyocytes were treated by different concentrations of doxorubicin to determine DOX LD50. Pure cardiomyocytes were evaluated in two groups: treatment by 10µM DEX 24 h before or before and in continuation with DOX. The percentage of cardiomyocyte viability by MTS assay, the percentage of beating and quantitative Real Time polymerase chain reaction (Real Time-PCR) for cardiac gene expression (β-MHC) was evaluated in each group. Results 5µM DOX was determined as drug concentration that leads to 50% cardiomyocyte mortality. Cardiotoxicity on mouse transgenic embryonic stem cell-derived pure cardiomyocytes can be ameliorated by treatment with dexamethasone (DEX) when DEX administrated before DOX. The effect of DEX appears to be mediated via glucocorticoid receptors. DEX increases cardiomyocyte gene expression and decreases apoptosis. Conclusion Transgenic embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes are a model for evaluation of doxorubicin toxicity. Additionally, this model provides us with a clinical suggestion, which proposes that the beneficial effect of DEX is obtained when DEX was added only before DOX. Also the results of present study were consistent with in vivo result in mice. Key words: Apoptosis, Cardiotoxicity, Doxorubicin, Mouse Transgenic Embryonic Stem Cell.

The complexity of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the incompetence of a large number of promise treatments in MS urge us to plan new and more effective therapeutic approaches that aim to suppress ongoing autoimmune responses and induction of local endogenous regeneration. Emerging data propose that hematopoietic, mesenchymal and neural stem cells have the potential to restore self-tolerance, to provide in situ immunomodulation and neuroprotection as well as to promote regeneration. Thus in this article we will first provide an overview of the cell sources for, proposed mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of stem cell transplantation and the ideal route and/or timing of stem cell-based therapies for each main stem cell group. Finally, we provide an overview of the current status of stem cell researches in clinical trial stages in MS by comparable and healthy therapeutic effects of different stem cells therapy in MS patients. Keywords: Cell therapy and transplantation, Hematopoietic stem cells, Mesenchymal stem cells, Neural stem/precursor cells, Stem cells.