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Crowding of teeth is one of the most common malocclusion. Determination of etiology of crowding could have significant effects on treatment planning and prognosis of class II malocclusion. Growth pattern might affect the amount of crowding in class II malocclusion. Aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between lower dental arch crowding and various growth patterns in class II subjects. Pretreatment lateral cephalograms and dental occlusal view mandibular arch photographs for class II subjects were collected for the study. Lateral cephalograms were traced and the subjects were divided into different growth patterns (n=60) (horizontal =20, vertical = 20, average = 20) on the basis of gonial angle. Crowding in each growth pattern was assessed from the records of patients visiting the dental hospital. From the results,15% of the vertical growers showed very severe crowding, 20% of the vertical growers showed severe crowding, 40% showed moderate crowding, 5% had mild crowding. 10 % of the horizontal growers showed severe crowding, 25% had moderate crowding, 40% showed mild crowding. 35 % of the average growers had moderate crowding, 30% had mild crowding. Results were statistically significant.(p<0.05). Significant association was found between vertical growth patterns and severity of the mandibular arch crowding as compared to horizontal or average growth patterns. No association between crowding and gender. Hence, it can be concluded that the Class II subjects with Vertical growth patterns have severe lower dental arch crowding as compared to the subjects with horizontal and average growth patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the thickness of attached gingiva in the posterior areas of the oral cavity in both the arches between adults and children so as to be able to use the most appropriate length of the mini implants in an attempt to reduce the failure rates due to soft tissue inflammation or infection. 12 children (14-18 years) and 12 adults (18- 40 years) seeking orthodontic treatment with all permanent teeth erupted, with no gingival problems included in this study. Measurements were done 4-6 mm from the the Cementoenamel junction (CEJ) in the maxillary 2nd premolar- 1st molar, 1st molar- 2nd molar region and as apical as possible in the mandibular 2nd premolar- 1st molar, 1st molar- 2nd molar region. An endodontic spreader was used to measure thickness of attached gingiva until resistance to bone was met. This thickness was measured using a vernier calliper. The mean thickness of attached gingiva in children was higher than in adults. Therefore, it is advisable to use longer necks mini implants (2 mm) in children or adolescents In adults the mean thickness was 1.31.8mm. Hence necks of 1.5 mm will be sufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to determine whether there is any correlation between the prevalence of various types of head shape and various types of arch forms in the patients reporting to the university. The data collected in this study was from the year 2019 to 2020. Of the 86000 cases, 41335 were new cases which formed the sample size of the study. Various types of head shape and maxillary and mandibular arch forms were collected from the university database and tabulated. Using SPSS Software, descriptive statistics and Chi-Square tests were done to assess the data. From the data obtained on maxillary arch, 94.5% of patients had ovoid arch form, 2.77% had square arch forms, 2.06 % had tapered arch forms. In the mandibular arch, 96.4 % had ovoid arch form and 3.5 % had tapered arch forms. 64.7% of the population had mesocephalic head shape, 33 % had dolichocephalic head shape, 2.09 % had brachycephalic head shape. Chi-Square tests for the determination of association between head shape and arch forms was statistically significant(p=0.000). In the maxillary arch, the majority of the patients had mesocephalic head shape with ovoid arch form, followed by dolichocephalic head shape with ovoid arch form and the least with brachycephalic head shape and tapered arch form. Similarly, in the mandibular arch the majority of the patients had mesocephalic head shape with ovoid arch form, followed by dolichocephalic head shape with tapered arch form. None of the patients in our study had square arch forms in the mandibular arch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]