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Ammonium iron (II) sulfate hexahydrate [(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 · 6H2O] as a nondurable finish was deposited onto cotton fabric, and its uniformity was ensured by means of squeeze rolls. By using a vertical flame test the optimum add-on values to impart flame-retardancy to the fabric was determined to be about 23.62-25.82%. The XRD analysis of ashes of impregnated samples showed the existence of iron (III) oxide. Hence it can plausibly be deduced that a reduction-oxidation reaction occurred during the combustion of the treated specimens and other elements presented in the aforementioned salt and converted to gaseous products, that is, SO2, H2O, CO2, and NH3, were eliminated during the combustion process. Hence "Gas theory" could play a significant role in justifying its flame-retardancy action. On the other hand, the presence of Fe2O3 dust in the consumed ashes proves the Dust or Wall effect suggested by Jolles and Jolles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]