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Background: There was the association between the metabolic syndrome (MS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Also, the genetic factors have been implicated in the OSA. Our aim was to compare the frequency of MS in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of OSA patients with healthy controls. Methods: 39 FDR (parents, siblings, and children) of patients diagnosed with OSA at Bamdad Respiratory and Research Center as cases and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the current case-control pilot study. The sampling method was convenience sampling based on having inclusion criteria and consent to participate in the study. Demographic characteristics and essential criteria for diagnosing MS included blood pressure, anthropometric [weight (kg), height (cm), waist circumference (cm) and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2)], and biochemical indices (lipid profile and blood glucose) were assessed based on standard protocols. Results: In the comparison of the demographic and clinical characteristics of two39 cases and control groups, weight and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in case group than controls (P < 0.05). Case and control groups were not significantly different in the frequency of MS (P > 0.05). Although, the frequency of hypertension as an important cardiovascular risk factor was higher in cases than controls (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that the frequency of MS is not significantly different between FDRs of OSA patients and controls. However, further large-scale studies are warranted to detect the frequency of MS in people with hereditary background for OSA compared to general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by snoring, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and repeated termination of airflow (apnea). Standard polysomnography (PSG) is diagnostic gold standard for OSA. PSG is expensive and not available everywhere. To identify the best OSA questionnaire for screening in Persian population, we compared Berlin, STOP-BANG, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted on 400 adult patients suspected of OSA in Bamdad Respiratory Research Center, patients completed three questionnaires. For each questionnaire, patients were divided into high risk and low risk. Then, PSG was performed for all patients. According to PSG, patients categorized into without OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] <5), mild OSA (15> AHI ≥5), moderate OSA (30> AHI ≥15), and severe OSA (AHI ≥30). Based on questionnaires and PSG results, predictive parameters for screening tests were calculated. Results: There were 234 (58.5%) males and 166 (41.5%) females in study population. Mean age of patients was 49.29 ± 9.75 standard deviation years. There was significant association between age with OSA (P = 0.005) and between body mass index (BMI) and neck circumference, with moderate and severe OSA (P < 0.001). Sensitivities of Berlin, STOP-BANG, and ESS were 86.42%, 81.46%, and 59%, respectively. Specificities of Berlin, STOP-BANG, and ESS were 52.94%, 82.35%, and 76.47%, respectively. Conclusions: This study suggested that Berlin and STOP-BANG are more sensitive and accurate than ESS for OSA screening in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by snoring, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and repeated termination of airflow (apnea). Standard polysomnography (PSG) is diagnostic gold standard for OSA. PSG is expensive and not available everywhere. To identify the best OSA questionnaire for screening in Persian population, we compared Berlin, STOP-BANG, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted on 400 adult patients suspected of OSA in Bamdad Respiratory Research Center, patients completed three questionnaires. For each questionnaire, patients were divided into high risk and low risk. Then, PSG was performed for all patients. According to PSG, patients categorized into without OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] <5), mild OSA (15> AHI ≥5), moderate OSA (30> AHI ≥15), and severe OSA (AHI ≥30). Based on questionnaires and PSG results, predictive parameters for screening tests were calculated. Results: There were 234 (58.5%) males and 166 (41.5%) females in study population. Mean age of patients was 49.29 ± 9.75 standard deviation years. There was significant association between age with OSA (P = 0.005) and between body mass index (BMI) and neck circumference, with moderate and severe OSA (P < 0.001). Sensitivities of Berlin, STOP-BANG, and ESS were 86.42%, 81.46%, and 59%, respectively. Specificities of Berlin, STOP-BANG, and ESS were 52.94%, 82.35%, and 76.47%, respectively. Conclusions: This study suggested that Berlin and STOP-BANG are more sensitive and accurate than ESS for OSA screening in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by snoring, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and repeated termination of airflow (apnea). Standard polysomnography (PSG) is diagnostic gold standard for OSA. PSG is expensive and not available everywhere. To identify the best OSA questionnaire for screening in Persian population, we compared Berlin, STOP-BANG, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted on 400 adult patients suspected of OSA in Bamdad Respiratory Research Center, patients completed three questionnaires. For each questionnaire, patients were divided into high risk and low risk. Then, PSG was performed for all patients. According to PSG, patients categorized into without OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] <5), mild OSA (15> AHI ≥5), moderate OSA (30> AHI ≥15), and severe OSA (AHI ≥30). Based on questionnaires and PSG results, predictive parameters for screening tests were calculated. Results: There were 234 (58.5%) males and 166 (41.5%) females in study population. Mean age of patients was 49.29 ± 9.75 standard deviation years. There was significant association between age with OSA (P = 0.005) and between body mass index (BMI) and neck circumference, with moderate and severe OSA (P < 0.001). Sensitivities of Berlin, STOP-BANG, and ESS were 86.42%, 81.46%, and 59%, respectively. Specificities of Berlin, STOP-BANG, and ESS were 52.94%, 82.35%, and 76.47%, respectively. Conclusions: This study suggested that Berlin and STOP-BANG are more sensitive and accurate than ESS for OSA screening in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]