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Purpose: This research examines the implementation of the Icelandic Prevention Model (IPM) in Canada to identify opportunities revealed by the COVID-19 pandemic to re-design our social eco-system to promote wellbeing. This paper has two objectives: 1) to provide a conceptual review of research that applies the bioecological model to youth substance use prevention with a focus on the concepts of time and physical space use and 2) to describe a case study that examines the implementation of the IPM in Canada within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Study data were collected through semistructured qualitative interviews with key stakeholders involved in implementing the IPM. Results: Findings are organized within three over-arching themes derived from a thematic analysis: 1) Issues that influence time and space use patterns and youth substance use, 2) Family and community cohesion and influences on developmental context and time use and 3) Opportunities presented by the pandemic that can promote youth wellbeing. Conclusion: We apply the findings to research on the IPM as well as the pandemic to examine opportunities that may support primary prevention and overall youth wellbeing. We use the concepts of time and space as a foundation to discuss implications for policy and practice going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Conduct six systematic reviews investigating for-profit private sector roles in NCD prevention and management in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) through our a priori framework's pillars. Methods: Six systematic reviews and thematic syntheses were performed between March- August 2021, Six databases, websites of relevant organizations, and references lists of included studies were comprehensively searched. Studies published in English from 2000 onwards involving the pillar of interest, for-profit private sector, NCD prevention/management, and LMIC context were included. Results were synthesized using an inductive thematic synthesis approach. Results: Ultimately, 25 articles were included in the PPP review, 33 in Governance and Policy, 22 in Healthcare Provision, 15 in Innovation, 14 in Knowledge Educator, and 42 in Investment and Finance. The following themes emerged: PPPs (coordination; financial resources; provision; health promotion; capacity building; innovation; policy); Governance/Policy (lobbying; industry perception; regulation); Healthcare Provision (diagnosis/treatment; infrastructure; availability/accessibility/affordability); Innovation (product innovation; process innovation; marketing innovation; research; innovation dissemination); Knowledge Educator (training; health promotion; industry framework/guideline formation); Investment and Finance (treatment cost; regulation; private insurance; subsidization; direct investment; collaborative financing; innovative financing; research). Conclusion: These findings will be instrumental for LMICs considering private sector engagement. Potential conflicts of interest must be considered when implementing private sector involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Postpartum Depression (PPD) --a common health problem for mothers' postpartum increases the risk of negative interaction between mothers and infants as it reduces the former's ability to respond to the latter's needs appropriately. Migrant mothers exhibit a higher prevalence of risk factors for PPD. Hence, this study aimed to investigate migrant mothers' life experiences pertaining to motherhood and PPD. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 immigrant mothers in the south of Sweden during 2021. Results: The qualitative content analysis revealed the following main themes: 1) PPD (two sub themes--psychosomatic symptoms and burden of responsibility due to feelings of loneliness); 2) mistrust of social services (one sub-theme--afraid of losing their children and Swedish social services' lack of understanding); 3) inadequate healthcare (two subthemes-- limited healthcare literacy for migrant mothers and language barrier; 4) women's coping strategy for well-being (two sub-themes--better awareness and understanding of the Swedish system and society, and freedom and independence in the new country). Conclusions: PPD, mistrust of social services, and inadequate healthcare lacking personal continuity were common among immigrant women, thus precipitating discrimination-- including lack of access to services because of limited health literacy, cultural differences, language barriers, and insufficient support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Canadian new immigrant families (also known as newcomers) encounter challenges navigating systems when trying to access programmes critical for their children's healthy development. The purpose of this study is to understand how newcomer families find and use early childhood programmes and services from the perspective of families and early childhood educators (ECEs) working within a settlement organization. Methods: Using photovoice methodology, newcomer family members (n = 8) with young children and ECEs (n = 6) participated in a series of virtual workshops to share photos and reflect on their experiences. Results: Participants discussed the systemic barriers that obstructed newcomer families' access to services for young newcomer children. Financial challenges due to unemployment/ underemployment, language and cultural differences were emphasized. Despite these barriers and challenges, participants shared how culturally responsive programmes enhanced their connections to programmes and services. Both groups of participants discussed the critical role of social networks in supporting newcomers to use programmes by helping families become aware of available services and assistance with various processes such as registration. Conclusions: This research illustrates the lived experiences of newcomer families and identifies opportunities to address inequities, improve early childhood programmes, and enhance families' access to programmes and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: China employed a unique volunteerism system where health care providers outside of Hubei Province, the epicentre, travelled to reverse the devastation wrought by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at its global onset. The aim is to study the unique circumstances of Chinese volunteerism in the context of continuing pandemic threats, specifically exploring the experiences of 20 Chinese nurse and physician volunteers fighting COVID-19 during the outbreak. Methods: Interviews were done through video calling. Results: Using content analysis with a hermeneutic perspective, emerging patterns showed the ways in which China's particular manifestation of volunteerism teaches us how to engage global threats of this nature. The overarching lesson, For the Good of the People, was manifested in several dynamic and overlapping themes: 1) Reaching for Professional Standards Even in Crisis; 2) Constantly Caring Through Failures and Successes; and 3) Holding Fast to the Common Good. The devastation was met by the resilience of volunteers, who overcame profound challenges managing patient care. Conclusions: Volunteerism required sacrifice and tremendous support in the form of training and administrative direction, family support, and peer collaboration. Volunteers' physical and psychosocial wellbeing was a priority. Recognizing the representative themes can help societies plan for continuing and future events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From nurses to dentists and doctors, caregivers undergo significant initial and life-long training. This training, however, rarely addresses the subjective side of their practice, especially the lived experience of caregiving. Better understanding this experience can nevertheless help to build fruitful relationships with patients. We focus on what it is like to take care of someone else and attempt to outline an encompassing "phenomenology of care". We investigate the lived experience of caregivers during their first meeting with a patient. We rely on micro-phenomenological interviews, which offer fine-grained, first-person descriptions of someone's holistic experience in a given situation. We show how the subjective experience of meeting a new patient can be structured with i) categories of micro-experiential acts (gathering information, assessing and performing actions), ii) the scopes of these acts, which involve inner and outer perceptions, various elaborations, regulations and interventions and iii) a range of experiential modalities. We highlight the richness of lived experience, and what all caregivers intimately share beyond the frame of their respective professions and practices. We discuss our results in terms of methodology, finalized and productive activities, pre-reflective aspects, and reflexive practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Role expectations of physicians providing health care for hunger strikers have been discussed in the context of prisons and detention centres. Ethical guidance for physicians in these situations is codified in the Declaration of Malta. In the last years, new forms of collective, public hunger strikes of asylum seekers have occurred. We have aimed at reconstructing the experiences of health-care personnel involved in one of such cases. Semi-structured interviews with nine participants (physicians and paramedics) that had been involved in a public collective hunger strike of asylum seekers in Germany were conducted. We identified three health-care provider groups: voluntary physicians, emergency service providers and medical consultants for the authorities. Role conflicts arising from multiple loyalty situations with obligations towards different stakeholders (e.g., strikers, employers, authorities) were perceived as the greatest challenge especially for voluntary doctor and emergency service provider participants. Such conflicts culminated in feeling instrumentalized for political goals. The results illustrate that professional challenges in the health care during a public collective hunger strike differ in various aspects from those described in the literature on custodial settings. We recommend expanding and adapting the medico-ethical guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite evidence that older persons want to be involved in care, little is known about how frail older people with significant care needs living at home experience participation in care provided by different stakeholders. This study investigates the experiences of participation in care by older people following their involvement in an intervention of a health care model called Focused Primary care (FPC). Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 older persons in five municipalities in Sweden. The results show that older persons highlighted opportunities and limitations for participation on a personal level i.e., conditions for being involved in direct care and in relation to independence. Experiences of participation on organizational levels were reported to a lesser degree. This included being able to understand the organizational system underpinning care. The relational dimensions of caregiving were emphasized by the older persons as the most central aspects of caregiving in relation to participation. Primary care should involve older persons more directly in planning and execution of care on all levels. An ongoing connection with one specialized elderly team and a coordinating person in Primary care who safeguards relationships is important for providing participation in care for frail older persons with significant care needs living at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examined what support cancer patients and their close ones need and how this support should be organized when developing cancer care pathways. The study focused on the opinions of professionals of the Cancer Society of Finland (CSF), who play a central role in presenting the third sector's perspective on care pathways. Method: Six semi-structured group interviews were carried out with counselling nurses (n = 12) and managers (n = 9) of the CSF during summer 2017. The results were analysed using content analysis. Results: Both patients and their close ones need more information, psychosocial support and financial counselling after diagnosis, during rehabilitation and follow-up, at relapse and during the palliative care phase; additionally, close ones require support after the patient's death. Participants emphasized close collaboration between public healthcare and the CSF to meet the needs of patients and their close ones. Conclusion: Psychosocial support can—and should—be provided as part of the care pathway. This support can be provided by organizations in the third sector, such as the CSF, which have resources in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]