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Purpose: Being on dialysis is a traumatic situation particularly during adolescence. Therefore, adolescents must have self-care support according to their special needs. The goal of this study was to describe the adolescents´ self-care practices when they are on dialysis. This paper reports only the adolescents´ selfcare practices based on the health care team guidelines but adjusted to their beliefs and habits. Methods: The methodology of the study was interpretive phenomenology. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 adolescents; Smith´s IPA procedure was used for data analysis. Results: Being on dialysis meant to the adolescents living in a different and broken world. Self-care practices included: 1) coexisting with the dialysis slavery or being attached to a machine day or night, 2) struggling with the maddening thirst experience, 3) Deciding what, when and how much food to eat, 4) taking care of an alien that helps to survive, 5) taking the medicines when feeling in need of them. Conclusion: The adolescents tried to care for themselves adjusting their care activities to the health team´s recommendations. However, they also adjusted those practices to their beliefs and habits, which allows them to live with dialysis in a less traumatic way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recovery-oriented mental health care approach is gaining acceptance in Asian countries, including Singapore. Following Western countries, Singapore started hiring peer support specialists (PSS) as part of mental healthcare services. The aim of this paper was to explore and understand how individual peer support specialists in Singapore perceive and make sense of their role given their unique perspective as both recipients and providers of mental healthcare treatment. Six PSS in Singapore were interviewed utilizing a semi-structured interview schedule. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four superordinate themes were generated illustrating how PSS viewed their role: embracing and embodying recovery, balancing on a bridge, impossible without support, and helping to end stigma. Findings also illustrated participants' awareness of the nature of the job and the role of PSS as still in the infancy stage. They embraced a recovery-oriented mindset despite experiencing stigma from professionals and/or their social support. The need to understand familial attitudes towards the PSS role is discussed. The limitations, contributions to the research, and several areas for future research are also outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this meta-ethnography was to identify and synthesize qualitative studies focusing on older people's and registered nurses' interpretations of competence in home care. Methods: The meta-ethnography followed the six phases developed by Noblit and Hare (1988). Results: In Phase 6, the translation process of the included studies, three themes were identified: i) temporality--the feeling of being of value; ii) dignity--a person, not just a patient; and iii) mutuality of being--togetherness. A synthesis was developed, and the phrase "a becoming in the meeting" emerged. Conclusion: The sense of becoming includes progress, which means becoming something other than before in relation with others and refers to what constitutes the meeting between the older person and the registered nurse working in home care. Competence originates from becoming in the meeting, and registered nurses should therefore value what they do and hold on to this aspect of caring competence that centres on a caring relationship. It is important for registered nurses working in home care to be able to cultivate a caring relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to survey the findings of phenomenological studies built up in the field of diabetes care in Sweden. This is a meta-synthesis of phenomenological studies on experiences related to diabetes in Sweden focusing on learning to live with diabetes. We proceeded by reference to the seven phases of Noblit & Hare. We examined papers from seven phenomenological studies on learning to live with diabetes in Sweden. From the papers, which describe the experience of living with diabetes, three overarching themes were selected—perception and awareness of the body; integration and responsibility; and presence of others who provide support. From those describing the expert's experience, an overarching theme emerged—encouraging reflection in persons with diabetes. We interpreted each of these themes in phenomenological terms and compared them with theories in Japan. Persons with diabetes take responsibility for coping with a range of things brought on by the illness and learn to live with diabetes. Experts support these persons so they can see their world objectively and critically scrutinize it. By building a model of diabetes care in Japan that references Scandinavian human science, it will be possible to find new approaches that support learning at the existential level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venous leg ulcer is a recognized condition, affecting people globally. Ulcers mainly affect the elderly and recurrences are not uncommon. There is knowledge about life with venous leg ulcers, but the situation after healing is unexplored. This paper explores and describes meanings of experiences of daily life after healing of a hard-to-heal venous leg ulcer. Lived experiences of 15 individuals with healed hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers generated data for this study. Interviews were recorded for analysis using a reflective lifeworld research approach. An essence emerged, further described by its constituents. Memories of a difficult time with leg ulcer were ever present, in a way becoming part of the self. A striving for control in daily life entailed a struggle to do what was best for the own body. After healing, a new normal emerged in daily life, a reality that encompassed the risk for a new ulcer. The body had changed physically, with marks alongside those from ageing, in a life that still went on. For those who had healed from a venous leg ulcer, life had changed. Even if they referred to life as normal, it was not the same normal as before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Self-reliance and social participation are strongly promoted by social policy. Both concepts are linked to the concept of vulnerability, for people who do not meet these standards are labelled "vulnerable people". In this paper, the insider's perspective takes central stage by seeking to explore what it means to be labelled a "vulnerable person", and through this to further our insight into the meaning of the concept of vulnerability. Method: Thirty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 allegedly vulnerable people. The data were subjected to thematic content analysis. Results: Our analysis revealed three main dimensions and eight sub-dimensions of perceived vulnerability, outlining an insider's concept of vulnerability. This concept includes manifestations of vulnerability, feelings coexisting with vulnerability, and the image of vulnerable people. Conclusion: The perception of vulnerability changes when interacting with others in society, especially with social policy implementers. In this interaction, the perceived vulnerability increases and becomes societal vulnerability. It concerns a dependency situation in which one's strength and self-determination are not recognized, and the help needed is not provided. By acknowledging the insider's perspective, social policy can fulfil a more empowering role towards "vulnerable people" and contribute to people's well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This is a study on a sport-based intervention, with a focus on physical activity, social relations, and learning, to promote health and well-being in the workplace lived space. Lived space is situated and associated with social and cultural conventions which affect the quality of the perceived space at work. The aim of the paper is to elucidate the participant's experiences of the intervention and how health and well-being were affected. Methods: The intervention was conducted with employees from the warehouse of a company within the retail sector. The design consisted of one initial workshop as a baseline, a sport-based intervention, three group interviews, and a final workshop. A hermeneutic phenomenological analysis focused on experiences of the intervention and the meaning of the workplace as the lived space. Results: Three themes emerged in the analysis; Expressing positive individual effects, Expressing improved work environment and The meaning of the workplace as lived space. The themes are discussed in relation to three basic health foci: physical activity, social relations and learning. Conclusion: The workplace as a lived space offers a valuable opportunity for sport-based interventions that improve health and well-being through physical activity, social relations, and learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim We aimed to survey the findings of phenomenological studies built up in the field of diabetes care in Sweden. Design This is a meta-synthesis of phenomenological studies on experiences related to diabetes in Sweden focusing on learning to live with diabetes. Method We proceeded by reference to the seven phases of Noblit & Hare. Results We examined papers from seven phenomenological studies on learning to live with diabetes in Sweden. From the papers, which describe the experience of living with diabetes, three overarching themes were selected—perception and awareness of the body; integration and responsibility; and presence of others who provide support. From those describing the expert’s experience, an overarching theme emerged—encouraging reflection in persons with diabetes. We interpreted each of these themes in phenomenological terms and compared them with theories in Japan. Persons with diabetes take responsibility for coping with a range of things brought on by the illness and learn to live with diabetes. Experts support these persons so they can see their world objectively and critically scrutinize it. By building a model of diabetes care in Japan that references Scandinavian human science, it will be possible to find new approaches that support learning at the existential level.

Phenomena in caring science are often complex and laden with meanings. Empirical research with the aim of capturing lived experiences is one way of revealing the complexity. Sometimes, however, results from empirical research need to be further discussed. One way is to further abstract the result and/or philosophically examine it. This has previously been performed and presented in scientific journals and doctoral theses, contributing to a greater understanding of phenomena in caring science. Although the intentions in many of these publications are laudable, the lack of methodological descriptions as well as a theoretical and systematic foundation can contribute to an ambiguity concerning how the results have emerged during the analysis. The aim of this paper is to describe the methodological support for the further abstraction of and/or philosophical examination of empirical findings. When trying to systematize the support procedures, we have used a reflective lifeworld research (RLR) approach. Based on the assumptions in RLR, this article will present methodological support for a theoretical examination that can include two stages. In the first stage, data from several (two or more) empirical results on an essential level are synthesized into a general structure. Sometimes the analysis ends with the general structure, but sometimes there is a need to proceed further. The second stage can then be a philosophical examination, in which the general structure is discussed in relation to a philosophical text, theory, or concept. It is important that the theories are brought in as the final stage after the completion of the analysis. Core dimensions of the described methodological support are, in accordance with RLR, openness, bridling, and reflection. The methodological support cannot be understood as fixed stages, but rather as a guiding light in the search for further meanings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Food delivery platform work is a relatively new phenomenon in Finland and has not been studied widely hence limited knowledge on its work environment. The aim of this study was to explore and understand its psychosocial work environment in the Helsinki region and how it relates to the mental wellbeing of its couriers. Methods: The study draws its findings from 20 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with food delivery platform workers in Helsinki. Data were approached through thematic analysis where the six phases of thematic analysis were meticulously followed. Results: Food delivery platform work provided couriers with income and labour market opportunities. However, its work environment was psychosocially burdening, which posed detrimental challenges to the mental wellbeing of its couriers. Conclusion: Study findings indicated that food delivery platform workers worked in an onerous work environment, which accentuated their occupational mental health. Thus, this study recommends future longitudinal research that would examine the association between food delivery platform work and mental health of couriers working through such platforms. Also, interventions and policies that aim at improving its psychosocial work environment are required for a more decent and healthier work environment that enhances mental health and wellbeing of its couriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stage III or IV means living an everyday life, severely restricted by breathlessness. Aim: The aim of this study was to elucidate meanings of feeling well for women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stage III or IV. Method: The study has used a phenomenological hermeneutical design. Individual narrative interviews were conducted with 14 women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at stages III or IV. Results: The results revealed one theme: striving for moments of easier breathing despite being trapped in breathlessness with four subthemes: acting in rhythm with breathing, taking care of oneself, taking advantage of better moments, and being in togetherness in everyday life. Conclusion: This study shows that women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at stages III or IV strived for moments of feeling well despite living with a severe illness. Feeling well meant that when connected to nature, they felt alive, free, and less trapped in breathlessness, which provided a sense of being unconscious of their breathing rhythm. They could do what healthy people tend to take for granted during everyday life. To feel well, the women found it important to receive tailored support from their close relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: When a burn injured child is discharged from hospital to its home, the responsibility for the after-care treatment is transferred to the parent(s). A knowledge gap exists concerning how parents experience caring for a burn-injured child at home after discharge. The aim is to gain an in-depth understanding of parents' lived experience of living with and caring for their burn-injured child in a home setting. Methods: Twenty-four parents of burn-injured children treated at a Norwegian burn centre were interviewed 74 to 195 days after the burn accident (June 2017 to November 2018). A phenomenological hermeneutic approach was chosen, using a Ricoeur-inspired textual indepth analysis method. NVivo 12 Plus and COREQ were used. Results: Four themes emerged. The parents' experienced feelings had been embodied and would stay forever. They felt left alone to continue the medical treatment at home without having the necessary skills. The parents grieved over the lost past and feared the unknown future. They longed to meet or be contacted by staff members who knew them and their life situation. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals should see returning home as part of the course of illness and that right support during the hospital can prevent challenges after discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is to explore how five professional South African violinists make sense of their lived experiences of performancerelated pain. The research problem this study investigates is multifaceted. It includes examining the career implications for violinists who play despite experiencing pain and are afraid to speak up because of the stigma associated with being injured. There is a lack of support and understanding from fellow musicians, doctors and other specialists when faced with diagnosing injuries and recommending treatment options. In South Africa, there is limited research on these aspects. In this IPA study, the data were collected through semi-structured interviews with five professional South African violinists with performance-related pain. The six subordinate themes that emerged from the data analysis were: (i) Playing through the pain; (ii) Lack of identity; (iii) Depression when unable to play because of pain; (iv) Growth through faith and spirituality; (v) Support and lack of support from family, friends, management, doctors and other experts; and (vi) Lack of awareness and understanding of performance- related injuries. Heightened awareness of musicians' lived experience of performancerelated pain could bring about much-needed change and support advocacy for pain-prevention initiatives and assistance for violinists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Going through a liver transplantation is by many recipients considered mentally and emotionally burdensome. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore individuals' mental, emotional and existential experiences living with a liver transplant during a period of approximately ten years. Methodological design: The methodology in this study is based on Gadamer's hermeneutics. Galvin and Todres' conceptual framework on well-being was applied in the interpretation process. Research methods: Both researchers conducted interviews, which took the form of conversations. We made use of Brinkmann and Kvales' three types of interpretation. Ethical issues and approval: The study was approved by the Ombudsman for Privacy of the Norwegian Social Data Services and is based on informed consent and confidentiality. Results: Three themes emerged through interpretation: 1. From great suffering to gratitude and a humble attitude towards life. 2. From living in uncertainty to leading a normal life. 3. From hopelessness and anxiety to an indifferent attitude towards life. Conclusion: This study showed that the process of receiving a new liver and living with it, had changed most of the participants' attitudes towards life in a humble way. Some persons struggled with life and experienced depression anxiety, as well as lack of energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic entailed significant changes in accompaniment, end-of-life, and bereavement experiences. In some countries, public health measures prevented or restricted family caregivers from visiting their dying loved ones in residences, long-term care institutions, and hospitals. As a result, family members were faced with critical decisions that could easily lead to ethical dilemmas and moral distress. Aim: This study aimed to understand better the experience of ethical dilemmas among family caregivers who lost a loved one. Methds: We interviewed twenty bereaved family caregivers and analysed their narratives using Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Our analysis suggests that family caregivers struggled with their multiple responsibilities (collective, relational, and personal) and had to deal with the emotional cost of their choices. Results display three emerging themes describing the experience of ethical struggles: (1) Flight or fight: Struggling with collective responsibility; (2) Being torn apart: Assuming relational responsibility and (3) "Choosing" oneself: The cost of personal responsibility. Discussion/Conclusion: Results are discussed and interpreted using an ethical, humanistic, and existential conceptual framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To address the consequences of living with supraventricular tachycardia and to improve the quality of treatment, there is a need to highlight patient experiences of treatment with catheter ablation. Therefore, the aim was to describe the phenomenon of catheter ablation, as it is experienced by patients being treated awake. Methods: A descriptive design was applied based on a reflective lifeworld research founded on phenomenological epistemology. Interviews were conducted between December 2021 and Mars 2022 with seven women and five men, three to twelve months after they underwent catheter ablation. Results: Patients undergoing catheter ablation while awake during treatment, which includes experiences of relying on others expertise, being actively passive, and striving to be cured. It entails experiences of having a foreign object moving in one's body and heart and can be endured through strategies of mainly shifted one's mental focus. Conclusions: The effort of undergoing a catheter ablation procedure is worthwhile as the confirmation of a physical curable condition that opens a future with possibilities instead of the obstacle in daily life that tachycardia entails. For the patients, an informative and caring conversation was needed that would have provided the support they lacked before and during the ablation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: China employed a unique volunteerism system where health care providers outside of Hubei Province, the epicentre, travelled to reverse the devastation wrought by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at its global onset. The aim is to study the unique circumstances of Chinese volunteerism in the context of continuing pandemic threats, specifically exploring the experiences of 20 Chinese nurse and physician volunteers fighting COVID-19 during the outbreak. Methods: Interviews were done through video calling. Results: Using content analysis with a hermeneutic perspective, emerging patterns showed the ways in which China's particular manifestation of volunteerism teaches us how to engage global threats of this nature. The overarching lesson, For the Good of the People, was manifested in several dynamic and overlapping themes: 1) Reaching for Professional Standards Even in Crisis; 2) Constantly Caring Through Failures and Successes; and 3) Holding Fast to the Common Good. The devastation was met by the resilience of volunteers, who overcame profound challenges managing patient care. Conclusions: Volunteerism required sacrifice and tremendous support in the form of training and administrative direction, family support, and peer collaboration. Volunteers' physical and psychosocial wellbeing was a priority. Recognizing the representative themes can help societies plan for continuing and future events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence and prevalence of COVID-19 continues to escalate globally, with the consequence to quality of life, the economies of nations and various sectors of society. While there is substantial research on the impact and experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic, little remains known about the perceptions and lived experiences of families living with people diagnosed with COVID-19, particularly within the South African context. Purpose: To explore the perceptions and lived experiences of family members living with people diagnosed with COVID-19 in South Africa. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological design was used. Data were collected from 15 participants who were family members of people diagnosed with COVID-19 in South Africa. Purposive snowball sampling was used to identify and recruit participants, and data were collected at community level in KwaZulu-Natal, Western Cape and Gauteng, South Africa. Individual in-depth interviews were used to collect the data, and an audio tape was used to record all interviews. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a phenomenological data analysis processes. Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the University of KwaZulu-Natal Research Ethics Committee--reference number: BREC00003228/ 2021. Results: Four super-ordinate themes emerged in relation to the perceptions and lived experiences of family members living with people diagnosed with COVID-19 in South Africa. The superordinate themes were: (1) sources of information about COVID-19, (2) pandemic perceptions and experiences, (3) impact of diagnosis and related burden and (4) aftermath of living with a family member diagnosed with COVID-19. Discussion and conclusion: Family members' perceptions and lived experiences of COVID-19 are largely influenced by media, moreover, the impact of diagnosis has consequences for the physical, mental and emotional well-being of family members. Diagnosis disrupts family dynamics by depleting financial resources due to the caregiver burden experienced. The findings thus imply that provision of psychosocial support is imperative for families living with persons diagnosed with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To highlight the experiences of family members of people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and self-harming behaviour who have access to brief admission. Methods: To understand the families lived experience a phenomenological lifeworld perspective was adopted to this study. Twelve in-depht interviews were performed in November and December 2021 with family members of people with BPD and self-harming behaviour who have accessed BA. The phenomenological life-world perspective guided the analysis. Results: Families' life-world was characterized by anxiety and constant protection of their loved one. They live with constant fear of how their loved ones are feeling and whether they will injure themselves. When access to BA was available this gave hope and provided conditions for families to maintain everyday routines and also enhanced relationships among family members. When families' loved ones were denied BA, they felt betrayed which contributed to negative feelings towards the medical profession, and the families lost confidence in psychiatry. Conclusion: By interviewing families of people with BPD and self-harming behaviour who had access to BA, it emerged they possess valuable knowledge. BA can be developed if the needs of families are taken into consideration, and if families are given the opportunity to share emotions and the high burden of responsibility with staff or families in similar situations. If health care staff gives family members a more central role in care and makes their shared life-world visible it could thereby hopefully increase well-being and benefits for the whole family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has widely recognized the challenges uniformed police officers face in their working lives. However, little is known about the overall lifestyles of police officers, including what they do in private life. We interviewed 17 officers and used reflexive thematic analysis to explore their experiences. The study sheds light on how uniformed police officers navigate the intersection between their private and professional lives, as well as how their professional role impacts their day-to-day doings and private life roles. The key findings relate to how the demands of their professional role impact their private life, such as the profession becoming a way of life. Furthermore, they highlight the challenges of avoiding certain environments where they might be recognized as police officers. It also entails balancing energy levels in work and private life, as well as how their profession's unpredictability affects their daily routines and roles. The findings also show how their personal choices in private life are frequently influenced by their professional role. The study's findings have theoretical as well as practical implications, contributing to a better understanding of uniformed police officers' challenges and resources for a sustainable and healthy lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Being on dialysis is a traumatic situation particularly during adolescence. Therefore, adolescents must have self-care support according to their special needs. The goal of this study was to describe the adolescents´ self-care practices when they are on dialysis. This paper reports only the adolescents´ selfcare practices based on the health care team guidelines but adjusted to their beliefs and habits. Methods The methodology of the study was interpretive phenomenology. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 adolescents; Smith´s IPA procedure was used for data analysis. Results Being on dialysis meant to the adolescents living in a different and broken world. Self-care practices included: 1) coexisting with the dialysis slavery or being attached to a machine day or night, 2) struggling with the maddening thirst experience, 3) Deciding what, when and how much food to eat, 4) taking care of an alien that helps to survive, 5) taking the medicines when feeling in need of them. Conclusion The adolescents tried to care for themselves adjusting their care activities to the health team´s recommendations. However, they also adjusted those practices to their beliefs and habits, which allows them to live with dialysis in a less traumatic way.

The aim of the study was to describe the loss of a family member by suicide, based on the lived experience of suicide survivors. A phenomenology study with a Reflective Lifeworld Research approach was conducted, consisting of sixteen interviews with eight suicide survivors. The essence of losing a family member by suicide encompasses experiences of involuntary and existential loneliness, life suffering, and additional burdens in a life that is radically transformed, comprising prolonged and energy-intensive attempts to understand. Life for the family member encompasses a constant fear of being judged and an ambiguous silence, where this silence can both lead to involuntary loneliness and be a source of support and fellowship. Support mechanisms inside the family fall apart, and it becomes obvious that the survivors' experiences affect others. The loss also implies an active endeavour to maintain the memory of the deceased. Based on these results, it is important for professionals to accept the survivors as suffering human beings early—from the point of the notification of death—and consider them as patients in need of compassionate care. Such support might reduce life suffering, counteract stigma and involuntary loneliness, and work simultaneously as suicide prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to explore frail older people's lived experiences of managing life at home on the verge of moving to a nursing home. As people age, their reserve capacity decreases, increasingthe risk of morbidity and frailty.. The experience of frailty extends beyond declining health and physical well-being and encompasses various dimensions, including familiarity with both the place and the people around. A phenomenological study. We interviewed ten frail people aged 72–90 years in-depth in their homes. We used phenomenological hermeneutical analysis inspired by van Manen and followed the COREQ checklist. We identified three main themes: (1) being home with cherished people and possessions, (2) giving the nursing home a go and (3) attuning to the natural rhythms. Our study gives insight into the lived experiences with frailty related to at-homeness. The experience of being lost in transition represents a uniquely significant experience for frail older people, foregrounding existential issues and carrying the potential of at-homeness. To unleash frail older people's potential for at-homeness, health professionals mustmeet the needs of frail older people individually. Going beyond signs and symptoms to reveal people's concrete everyday experiences is crucial to understanding frailty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfectionism is a relevant construct among university students. Researchers have emphasized its significance and even suggested it as an "amplifier of risk" to youth mental health given its association with negative outcomes. The study aims to understand perfectionism and how it is experienced among Filipino perfectionist students from the University of the Philippines Diliman (UPD). The study employed in-depth phenomenological interviews to gather narratives reflecting the experiences and reflections shared by 10 perfectionist students from UPD. Thematic analysis was used to construct relevant themes about living with perfectionism. Perfectionist students exhibited high standards and behaviours and cognitions associated with rigidity and obsessiveness in many contexts in their lives. The family, pre-college (elementary and high school), and college contexts are significant in their development as perfectionists. Students also struggled with its constant negotiations and trade-offs because of its double-edged nature and the push and pull of their personal and others' standards. Narratives also indicate a relationship between their motivations as perfectionists, their strategies to manage it, and their expected mental health outcomes. Living with perfectionism among Filipino perfectionist students can be described as developmental, dialectical, and directed. Implications relevant to understanding Filipino perfectionism are outlined in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the essential meaning of how sensory disturbances caused by Oxaliplatin influence self-understanding and freedom to live an everyday life among survivors after colorectal cancer. Data was generated by means of a semi-structured individual interview with eight survivors after colorectal cancer who continued to experience chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy at least one year after completing chemotherapy with Oxaliplatin. Data analysis was guided by existential phenomenology and descriptive life-world research. The essential meaning was structured by four constituents. 1) An unpleasant fluctuating sensation which is impossible to ignore, 2) Breaking through of noise and pain despite struggling to keep them at bay, 3) Continuously feeling ill despite being cured, and 4) Bodily constraints that impact self-understanding and limit enjoyment of life. The survivors used distraction to keep the sensory disturbances at bay but were forced to adapt to a new self-understanding as sufferers after chemotherapy despite being cured of their cancer disease. This way of being-in-the-world was understood by survivors, their families and healthcare professionals as a necessary price to pay to be alive. However, marked as sufferer after chemotherapy, the participants' everyday style of experience and life revealed as an ill health condition, which limited their ability to accomplish everyday activities as before and their freedom to realize their potential—the "I can". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common mental health problems are a substantial burden in many western countries. Studies have pointed out that work related factors can both increase and decrease the risk of developing mental health problems. Influence at work is a key factor relating the psychosocial work environment to employees mental health. However, little is known regarding how contemporary employees experience and understand influence at work. The purpose of this study is to explore this in depth. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 59 employees in knowledge and relational work and analysed the data using principles from Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). TWe identified three themes each consisting of two interrelated parts, where the second part describes the consequences of the identified type of influence for employees: 1) work tasks and performance, 2) relations and belonging, 3) identity and becoming. The interviewed employees had a multifaceted understanding of influence at work and that influence at work mattered to them in different but important ways. Our hope is that managers, employees and consultants will be inspired by the three themes when designing work tasks, organizations and interventions in order to increase the level of influence and thereby help enhance the mental well-being of employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From nurses to dentists and doctors, caregivers undergo significant initial and life-long training. This training, however, rarely addresses the subjective side of their practice, especially the lived experience of caregiving. Better understanding this experience can nevertheless help to build fruitful relationships with patients. We focus on what it is like to take care of someone else and attempt to outline an encompassing "phenomenology of care". We investigate the lived experience of caregivers during their first meeting with a patient. We rely on micro-phenomenological interviews, which offer fine-grained, first-person descriptions of someone's holistic experience in a given situation. We show how the subjective experience of meeting a new patient can be structured with i) categories of micro-experiential acts (gathering information, assessing and performing actions), ii) the scopes of these acts, which involve inner and outer perceptions, various elaborations, regulations and interventions and iii) a range of experiential modalities. We highlight the richness of lived experience, and what all caregivers intimately share beyond the frame of their respective professions and practices. We discuss our results in terms of methodology, finalized and productive activities, pre-reflective aspects, and reflexive practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Many countries around the world are facing an ageing society in which older persons share the fate of carrying a burden in their families, especially in skipped-generation families. This increasing trend has noted over the past several years in Thailand. This is an interpretive phenomenological study that seeks to explore Thai older grandparents' life experience of raising grandchildren in skipped-generation families. Methods: The participants were purposively selected from older grandparents in skipped-generation families in the Northeast of Thailand in 2019. Data were collected by in-depth interviews with 29 participants. Data were analysed using Diekelmann & Allen method. Results: Three major themes emerged regarding the Thai older persons as a breadwinner of a skipped-generation family were as follows. 1) Sacrifice for the family is a value of life. 2) Day by day coping journey of individuals maintains mental well-being. 3) Being grandparents leads to spiritual pride. Conclusion: The older grandparents suffered from a variety of burden and vulnerability beyond their abilities. Social and governmental supporting systems are limited. Creating supporting system strategy is required to increase well-being of grandparents in skipped-generation families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess fibromyalgia patients' experiences and appraisals about a multidisciplinary intervention programme, in Catalonia's primary care, regarding its format and contents, benefits, and health impact in the short and long term. Qualitative interpretative research design through hermeneutic phenomenology perspective. Two focus groups discussions were conducted in February and July 2020. The purposive heterogeneous sample included 19 fibromyalgia patients who attended a multicomponent programme. In addition, thematic analysis on the verbatims was performed. Findings were organized into five main domains with an explanatory theme each. Overall, the informants valued the programme as a positive experience due to its holistic approach, health benefits, suffering relief, group effect, and fibromyalgia legitimacy promotion. Detected improvable aspects focused on extending the timeframe, including family members as beneficiaries, deepening the thematic contents, and getting regular access to this healthcare service. Furthermore, the intervention was considered feasible to be incorporated into usual clinical care. the programme fulfilled users' expectations about results and procedure and showed promise as a treatment strategy to reinforce the usual practice. Our findings suggest a broad perspective on fibromyalgia patients' suffering, which urges us to adjust the intervention programme to their real health needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informal carers have an important role in society through their care and support of their long-term ill relatives. Providing informal care is challenging and can lead to caregiver burden; moreover, many support needs of the carers are not met, leading to confusion, disappointment and frustration. We conducted an interview study to clarify the meaning of support given and received by informal carers to relatives with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic heart failure. We purposively selected and recruited informants via participants in another study, thereby conducting interviews over the phone from June 2016 to May 2017. In total, we conducted 14 interviews with 12 informants. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and the content was analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutical approach. Our comprehensive understanding of the meaning of support for these carers is twofold: it is a self-evident struggle for the good life of their relatives and that they want to be carers in partnership. The healthcare system must recognize the efforts of carers and include them in the strategic planning and operational stages of care and treatment for people with long-term illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous literature has applied system-focused structures to understand the success of First Nations Peoples' nutrition and exercise group programmes. Existing system-focused measures have included biomedical outcomes, access and service utilization. By broadening the focus of programme success beyond the system, we can evaluate programmes from a First Nations Peoples' lifeworld perspective. Critical hermeneutics and yarning using a lens of Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action to the literature has the potential to transform understandings of "success" in First Nations Peoples' nutrition and exercise group programmes. In this literature interpretation, we explored the critical success factors from a lifeworld perspective, giving scope to go beyond a system perspective to include a cultural, social or personal perspective. Our yarning led us to understand that there is a communicative relationship between explicit system structures and implicit lifeworld concepts that are critical success factors for First Nations nutrition and exercise group programmes. We have developed a set of reflective questions to guide others in considering a lifeworld perspective. Our findings represent a shift away from success measured by the dominant power structure to respect the lifeworld culture, knowledges and values of First Nations Peoples towards shared understanding and mutual decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With adverse events and injuries recurring in residential aged care facilities (RACFs), older adults' safety in residential age care settings has attracted extensive attention from governments, researchers, and healthcare providers. Risk management is of utmost importance in reducing risks and improving the quality of care for older adults in long-term care. Although previous studies have made great efforts to explore risk management methods and technologies in RACFs, little is known about how managers identify and respond to risks in practice. This qualitative study aimed to elucidate the perceptions and experiences of managers involved in risk management in RACFs in China. This study used a phenomenological research design. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 managers across 11 RACFs in Changsha City, Hunan Province, China. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's seven steps and NVivo 12 plus software. "Facilitation of an error-free culture" emerged as a central theme of managers' perceptions of risk management. Four sub-themes were revealed, namely "creating an age-friendly physical environment," "paying close attention to frail older adults," "improving the competence of nursing staff," and "building effective management programs." Facilitation of an error-free culture was of prime importance in risk management. Managers' experiences can help RACFs to better manage risks, as well as provide new perspectives and approaches for RACFs to improve the quality and outcomes of care. This study developed initiatives for improving resident safety in RACFs and may foster interest in the developing these initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to explore adolescents' experiences with participation in a sexual health education programme named «Week 6», from a health-promotion perspective. Six focus group interviews were conducted with adolescents aged 15–16 in Norway. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data material. The results can be summed up by the main theme: "We like «Week 6» but ... we expected more about sex in the sex week". The main theme consisted of two main analysis-derived themes: "The students want a topical sexual health education, with realistic and relevant learning subjects and exercises", and "The students want to contribute to the content and implementation, in order to improve the learning outcomes of «Week 6»". Further, four categories were identified: organization and content, positive experiences, the potential for improvement, and learning outcome. «Week 6» is desirable, but students expect to learn more. Teaching should have a positive approach, and adolescents do not want their educators to get embarrassed. Although the teaching methods with active participation are enjoyable, it is necessary with more time for discussions and questions. Student participation in planning and implementation of the programme seems crucial for promoting salutogenic teaching processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To deepen the understanding of how survivors' experience and give meaning to the embodied phenomenon of chronic sensory disturbances in everyday life after oxaliplatin treatment for colorectal cancer. Methods: Data was generated by means of a semi-structured interview guide and drawings with the aim to explore eight survivors' lifeworld experiences. Data was analyzed through a phenomenological approach. Results: The essential meaning of sensory disturbances emerged in two main themes and four sub-themes. Theme A: 'A peculiar experience that is difficult to logically understand' with the subthemes; 'An ambiguous perception in hands and feet' and 'Being alienated from one's own body'. Theme B: Losing touch with the world' with the subthemes: 'A lack of sensory contact with physical surfaces' and 'Breakdown of sensitivity in hands hampers fine motor skills and social contact'. Conclusion: Sensory disturbances contributed to an ambiguous and discordant perception of an alienated body that was difficult to describe and affected the ability to act and connect to things and other people. Metaphors and drawings were valuable as means to verbalize and illustrate the changed body perception where the 'I can' changed into 'I cannot'. To support the embodied connection to the world new usage patterns were required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seated Power Assisted Exercise (PAE) equipment is an accessible exercise mode for people with limited mobility following stroke and is available at a small number of community-based venues. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the lived experience of using PAE amongst PwS in a community venue and identify recommendations for the development and advancement of PAE equipment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 participants (PwS) attending a community stroke venue where PAE equipment was available. Transcribed data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three overarching themes emerged from the analysis; 1) Don't tell me I've plateaued; 2) PAE facilitates the transition into long-term recovery; 3) Reframing the experience of stroke. Participants associated the uptake of PAE alongside venue membership as a turning point in their adjustment to life following stroke. In addition, recommendations for future development of the equipment were identified. These findings indicate that membership of a stroke venue alongside engagement with PAE facilitated transition from early stroke rehabilitation into longer term recovery. The results of this study have informed the need for future product design and highlighted PAE is an effective mode for continued rehabilitation in third-sector services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our present study was a qualitative investigation intending to explore the emotional journey of wives whose spouse has been diagnosed with Bipolar I Disorder, using a phenomenological design. Semi-structured face to face interviews were conducted with 5 wives of already diagnosed Bipolar I Disorder patients to uncover their lived experience in terms of the emotional journey they had had. For data analysis, we used Hycner's explicitation process. Moreover, for data verification we employed the strategies of frequent debriefing sessions peer review and member checks. Our analysis revealed six major themes encapsulating the participants emotional journey. These included Shock, Betrayal and the Incomprehensible, Apprehensions and Uncertainty, Anger and Irritability, Loneliness and Helplessness, Compassion and Acceptance and Reconciliation. It became clear to us that wives of individuals diagnosed with Bipolar I Disorder are on a continuous emotional journey dealing with the burden, stress, complications, uncertainty and making many sacrifices along the way. Our study highlighted many culture specific factors of the phenomenon. This insightful exploration has opened up new horizons to conceptualize the challenges of wives dealing with an ailing spouse in the context of a Pakistani society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The birthing room is a major workplace for midwives but how it influences them in practice is not enough investigated. Purpose: This study aimed to explore midwives´ experiences of how the birthing room affects them in their work to promote a normal physiological birth. Methods: A phenomenological reflective lifeworld research approach was used and included individual interviews with 15 midwives working at four different hospitals in western Sweden, and of which two also assisted at homebirths. The analysis focused on the meanings of the study phenomenon. Results: A birthing room can by its design either support a normal physiological birth or support a risk approach to childbirth. Four opposing constituents complete the essential meaning of the birthing rooms, and to which the midwives need to relate in their roles as guardians for normal birth: i) a private or a public room; ii) a home-like or hospital-like room; iii) a room promoting activity or passivity; iv) a room promoting the midwife´s presence or absence. Conclusions: The birthing room mirrors a pathogenic-oriented care approach. A presupposition for the work to keep the birth bubble intact is to protect the mother from disturbing elements both inside and outside the room. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore everyday life experiences of being active in aged adults´ with walking impairment one year after hip fracture (HF). Methods: A phenomenological-hermeneutic study design is based on Heidegger´s and Gadamer´s thinking focusing on aged adults being-in-the-world one year after HF. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted from May to July 2017 in the homes of nine participants, who were part of a longitudinal qualitative study with four interview-rounds for a period of 18 months after the HF event. The analysis was interpretative and secured that the authors´ pre-understanding was put at stake through a five-step process of meaning condensation. Results: One theme, "Enduring life in between a sense of renewal and loss of courage", described aged adults´ experiences of being active in three sub-themes: "Facing loss and losing courage", "Taking up the challenge and maintaining courage ", and "Renewing the energy to be active". Living with being under change and increased vulnerability created a challenge in maintaining courage and reaching for possibilities to unfold their own being in life. Conclusion: This study contributes knowledge on how the aged adults´ experiences of the balance between courage and loss in being active one year after HF are profoundly connected with experiences of well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although the relation between health and well-being is deemed conceptually important, it is diverse and intractable. The aim of this small-scale study is to reveal different possible relations of the concepts of health and well-being, interrelation of these relations and consequences of implied normative expectations in the relations. Method: Primary data originate from course literature in Swedish health education. Additional data included scientific articles and website content (collected from WHO and via Google) and were analysed with objective hermeneutics. Results: Congruent, complementary and coincident relations were found. In congruence, health and well-being are synonyms. Complement relations contain: "quality" with well-being as overall aim, "plurality" with health as umbrella term, "well-being as positive health", "enhancement" with health and well-being potentially boosting each other and "subjectivity/objectivity" with objective health complemented by subjective well-being. In coincidence, health and well-being are counter-intuitively regarded unlinked, which may challenge expectations concerning health promotive activities. Independent and affiliated relations were identified. Conclusion: In congruence and complement, health and well-being are mostly aligned whereas in coincidence, their quality may be decoupled. In the discursive climate of second modernity, the relation of health and well-being tends to conflict and ambiguous coincidence, demanding ambiguity tolerance as key skill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ADHD is increasingly seen as associated with cerebral dysfunction and caused by it. This development is concomitant with an emphasis on medication, behavioural treatments, and parent training programmes. In contrast, psychoanalytic therapy has receded into the background and is often viewed as inefficient or even noxious. This paper argues that such views are based on a misunderstanding of the scope of psychotherapy. Though much more systematic research is needed to establish its efficacy, it can inform on the ADHD child’s emotional experiences. It can shed light on the connections between his/her inner world and symptoms, such as attention deficits, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. On the other hand, it cannot establish causality in the individual or general case. If we recall that the diagnosis is based on a list of symptoms, not of etiology, we realize that this limitation applies to any scientific perspective on ADHD. Psychoanalytic treatment is one of several approaches to understanding ADHD and helping the child cope with it. This is achieved by the psychoanalytic method, a hermeneutic approach with which the analyst interprets the child’s behaviours and communications as they emerge in the session. The implications of such an approach are discussed.​​​​ [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper explores the impact of self-chosen arts-based recreational activities, as opposed to the traditional arts therapy activities, on the well-being of healthcare providers. Three qualitative case studies of programs in which arts-based activities were used to work with healthcare providers, lasting for 10 weeks each, are phenomenological-hermeneutically evaluated using interviews and focus groups. The findings show what we refer to as an “ecological” ripple of effects: (1) the arts-based activities helped to reduce individual stress and to enhance mood over time, (2) the activities helped to transform workplace relationships within wards, and (3) the arts humanized the overall work climate in the healthcare setting. These effects go beyond those of using the art production as a strategy for stress reduction and imply potential for a more encompassing role for the arts within healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose: This is a study on a sport-based intervention, with a focus on physical activity, social relations, and learning, to promote health and well-being in the workplace lived space. Lived space is situated and associated with social and cultural conventions which affect the quality of the perceived space at work. The aim of the paper is to elucidate the participant’s experiences of the intervention and how health and well-being were affected. Methods: The intervention was conducted with employees from the warehouse of a company within the retail sector. The design consisted of one initial workshop as a baseline, a sport-based intervention, three group interviews, and a final workshop. A hermeneutic phenomenological analysis focused on experiences of the intervention and the meaning of the workplace as the lived space. Results: Three themes emerged in the analysis; Expressing positive individual effects, Expressing improved work environment and The meaning of the workplace as lived space. The themes are discussed in relation to three basic health foci: physical activity, social relations and learning. Conclusion: The workplace as a lived space offers a valuable opportunity for sport-based interventions that improve health and well-being through physical activity, social relations, and learning.

Background: In low- and middle-income countries, women and girls experience menstrual hygiene management-related health and social challenges such as urinary tract infections, social stigma, and school and workplace absenteeism. Purpose: In this study, we sought to explore how adolescent girls in rural Thirumalaikodi, Tamil Nadu, India experience menarche and menstruation, how their experiences connect to the sociocultural context, and what strategies they use to manage menstruation. This study also informed the adaptation and development of a school-based water, sanitation, and hygiene intervention. Methods: We conducted ten semi-structured qualitative interviews with adolescent girls in ninth standard from June-July 2018. Data were analysed using a thematic network approach. Results: Findings revealed that menarche inaugurates biological transitions of puberty and cultural codes that shape gender norms. Gender norms in turn generate, maintain, and reproduce stigmatizing attitudes, beliefs, and practices that influenced the development of coping mechanisms at home and at school. Resulting adaptations to the intervention consisted of two activities (school lesson and an extracurricular activity) that address knowledge gaps and myths. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance of qualitative research in unpacking adolescent girls' experiences with menarche and menstruation. Study findings also show how formative research can contribute to the adaptation and development of a contextually and culturally-relevant water, sanitation, and hygiene intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to explore lived experiences with working life from the perspective of people with deafblindness due to Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2). Background: A limited number of studies have explored working life of people with Usher syndrome. One study of individuals with USH2 showed that work active reported significantly better psychological health compared to non-working individuals. Methods: Seven participants aged 38–50 years with USH2 participated in interviews analysed by interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: The analyses yielded four themes showing that work is a source of satisfaction and a commitment that needs to be balanced. It is also associated with facing limitations and feelings of uncertainty. Conclusion: Based on the psychology of work model we have demonstrated that work is associated with social connectedness, self-determination and a source of improved health outcomes. There are however also potential health hazards in people with USH2, indicating a need for balance between individual needs and resources, and an adapted environment, for maintaining or regaining health for actively working people with USH2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore and understand the lived experiences of women with endometriosis. Method: Qualitative study using Cohen phenomenology. Results: The data analysis identified four main themes and two sub-themes. The main themes are: delay in diagnosis, which includes the sub-theme of the misunderstanding of one's state; worsening of one's life, which includes the sub-theme of a painful life; disastrous intimate life with one's partner; and uncertainty about being able to have one's own children. Conclusions: The themes that emerged represent the starting point for further research and for the implementation of specific educational and support strategies that improve self-care, commitment and quality of life for women with endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Preterm birth and admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can disrupt the parent-infant bonding relationship. Although neonatal nurses are in the best position to support maternal postpartum bonding in the NICU, few qualitative studies have described their challenges, strategies, and lived experiences. Methods: This study aimed to explore and understand the experiences and perspectives of nurses supporting infants hospitalized in the NICU and their families in relation to the bonding process. We conducted a qualitative study using interpretive phenomenological analysis with 12 in-depth, semi-structured interviews recorded and transcribed verbatim between April and November 2018. We thematically analysed the data using NVivoTM software. Results: Two themes emerged: (1) Being a bridge between separated mothers and infants (five subthemes); (2) Challenges in providing supportive care for maternal postpartum bonding in the NICU (three subthemes). Conclusions: Nurses have a variety of experiences regarding maternal postpartum bonding; however, the clinical reality of NICUs limits support for bonding formation. Although nurses face challenges (e.g., institutional policies, insufficient resources, training) when supporting maternal postpartum bonding, they act as the bridge between mothers and infants, becoming advocates for NICU families and taking care of their growth and developmental needs as caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aimed to gain insight into existential longing as experienced by people treated for cancer. Method: An exploratory phenomenological–hermeneutical design was used, and data were collected through in-depth interviews with 21 people recruited from a cancer organization. Results: Three themes emerged: longing to be oneself, longing for relief from suffering, and longing for rootedness. The theoretical understanding of well-being developed by Todres and Galvin was used to illuminate how the life-fulfilling power of longing is inherent in dwelling–mobility. Conclusions: During the theoretical interpretation and discussion of these findings, a new analytic step revealed a state of uncertainty that can influence longing. The findings of this study may help fill the gap in the current health-care approach to cancer survivors by highlighting the importance of a new professional perspective of listening to patients describe their existential burden. Such an approach may create greater clarity and thereby allow longing to flow more freely towards future possibilities and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health is central to overall wellbeing and, for students attending university, mental health is critical for learning and academic success. A wealth of research has focused on young people who experience psychosocial declines during academic and developmental transitions, but little is known about how young people flourish in this transition. The first to explore the experiences of flourishing among first-year Canadian university students making the transition directly from high school, this study sought to develop an understanding of: 1) the factors that promote flourishing amidst this academic and developmental transition, and 2) how first-year students define and experience flourishing. An interpretive phenomenological approach underpinned by Gadamerian hermeneutic philosophy was used to explore experiences of flourishing, using semi-structured interviews, in a sample of nine full-time, first-year university students, ages 18–20 years. What it meant to flourish amidst this developmental and academic transition and how participants defined flourishing offer new understandings of the concept associated with: 1) personal/individual aspects of flourishing, 2) contextual nature of flourishing, 3) temporality of flourishing, 4) dialectic aspects of flourishing. Implications for practice, policy, and research in light of these new understandings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Using a theory-led action research process test applicability of humanizing care theory to better understand what matters to people and assess how the process can improve human dimensions of health care services. Consideration of the value of this process to guide enhancements in humanly sensitive care and investigate transferable benefits of the participatory strategy for improving human dimensions of health care services. Methods: Action research with service users, practitioners and academics, with participatory processes led through the application of theory via a novel Humanizing Care Framework in two diverse clinical settings. Results: Participants engaged in a theory-led participatory process, understood and valued the framework seeing how it relates to own experiences. Comparative analysis of settings identified transferable processes with potential to enhance human dimensions of care more generally. We offer transferable strategy with contextualized practical details of humanizing processes and outcomes that can contribute to portable pathways to enhance dignity in care through application of humanizing care theory in practice. Conclusion: The theoretical framework is a feasible and effective guide to enhance human dimensions of care. Our rigorous participative process facilitates sharing of patient and staff experience, sensitizing practitioners' understandings and helping develop new ways of providing theoretically robust person-centred care based on lifeworld approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]