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Introduction: Studies on the effects of chemotherapy in Indian Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) patients are very limited and world data is inconsistent. The purpose of the present study is to assess the effects of Docetaxel therapy in CRPC in Indian patients in terms of survival benet, both progression-free survival, and overall survival. This study also analyzes the effects of various factors on the survival of CRPC patients. Methodology: This is a single institutional prospective observational study. CRPC patients were treated with Docetaxel and followed till death as the primary endpoint or till the end of the study. Survivals were calculated with the Kaplan Meier method. Factors affecting survival were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analysis by log-rank t-test and Cox proportion hazard regression analysis. Result: Out of enrolled 101 patients, 78 were treated with Docetaxel. A decline in PSA (>50% reduction) was observed in 61.54%. Radiological response of regression noted in 40 % Nuclear Bone Scan and 19.23% CT/MRI by RECIST criteria. Progression-free survival and overall survival with Docetaxel (n=78) were 11.8 and 21 months respectively. Hemoglobin less than 11 gm%, Alkaline phosphatase more than 115 IU/dl, PSAmore than 14 ng/ml, Gleason score more than 7 and duration from diagnosis of carcinoma prostate to CRPC less than 24 months, the number of chemotherapy cycles less than 6 were all found to be signicantly associated with poor overall survival in univariate analysis while only Hemoglobin (P=0.0159) showed an independent association with overall survival in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Overall and progression-free survival of CRPC patients with Docetaxel is 21 & 11.8 months respectively. Hemoglobin, Alkaline phosphatase, PSA, Gleason score, Docetaxel cycle, and duration from diagnosis of carcinoma prostate to CRPC were found to be signicantly associated with poor overall survival.

Introduction: The prevalence of varicocele is approximately 15% in the general population, and about 2 -10 % of them have chronic scrotal pain. Microsurgical or Laparoscopic testicular vein ligations are preferred surgical options for the patient refractory to conservative therapy. Previous studies have proved the superiority of microscopic surgeries in painful varicocele treatment but the newer HD endo-vision system has improved laparoscopic vision quality signicantly and testicular veins are identied more precisely than ever before. So there is a need to relook the results of laparoscopic varicocele ligation. We have done a prospective observational study to assess patients' perceived changes in scrotal pain scores preand-post HD laparoscopic varicocele ligation. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care referral center. All patients with scrotal pain were evaluated for varicocele between September 2017 and December 2018. Varicocele patients with normal semen count with chronic scrotal pain not responding to conservative therapy were included in the study. The Laparoscopic varicocele ligation surgeries were done by HD endo-vision system under general or spinal anesthesia. Preoperative and post-operative universal pain scores were compared by Student's pair t-test. Result: A total of 34 patients (mean age, 26.2±3.9 years) underwent Laparoscopic varicocele ligation for scrotal pain symptoms. Thirty-two patients (94.11%) reported complete or marked resolution of pain at 3 months follow-up. There was no early or late postoperative complication reported in any study patient. There was a marked improvement in the mean universal pain score, from 5.6 preoperatively to 1.1 postoperatively (p=0.00011). Conclusion: HD Laparoscopic varicocele ligation has a very high success rate with minimal post-operative complications in painful varicocele management.