Search

National surveillance data from 2006 to 2010 of the Dutch sexually transmitted infection (STI) centres were used to analyse current practices on testing extragenital sites for chlamydia and gonorrhoea in men who have sex with men (MSM) and women. In MSM, 76.0% and 88.9% were tested at least at one extragenital site (pharyngeal and/or anorectal) for chlamydia and gonorrhoea, respectively; for women this was 20.5% and 30.2%. Testing more than one anatomic site differed by STI centre, ranging from 2% to 100%. In MSM tested at multiple sites, 63.0% and 66.5% of chlamydia and gonorrhoea diagnoses, respectively, would have been missed if screened at the urogenital site only, mainly anorectal infections. For women tested at multiple sites, the proportions of missed chlamydia and gonorrhoea diagnoses would have been 12.9% and 30.0%, respectively. Testing extragenital sites appears warranted, due to the numerous infections that would have been missed. Adding anorectal screening to urogenital screening for all MSM visiting an STI centre should be recommended. Since actual testing practices differ by centre, there is a need for clearer guidelines. Routine gonorrhoea and chlamydia screening at multiple sites in STI centres should be investigated further as this might be a more effective approach to reduce transmission than current practice.

Concurrent partnerships have been recognized as a determinant for the spread of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We studied the association of concurrent partnerships with sexual behaviour among heterosexual Caribbean and African migrants, who account for a disproportionate burden of STIs and HIV in the Netherlands. Of 1792 migrants, 15% reported concurrent sexual partners in the previous six months. In multivariate multinomial analyses, women were less likely to have concurrent partners than men and they were less likely than men to use condoms with concurrent partners. We could not identify an association with the observed HIV prevalence; however, migrants with concurrent partners were less likely to be tested for HIV. Of migrants tested for STIs, one in three migrants with concurrent partners was diagnosed with an STI. Prevention targeting migrants should address the promotion of HIV/STI testing and stress the potential acceleration of HIV and STI epidemics due to concurrency.