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Background Previous studies have demonstrated that age, smoking, Tamai's level of amputation, causes of injury and ischemia time were associated with the success rate of digit replantation. The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether mental status including anxiety and depression is associated with the rate of digit replant failure. Methods This study included 134 digits from 102 patients who received digital replantation after complete amputation from 1 September 2013 to 1 September 2015. The Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to assess the pre-injury level of anxiety and depression for each patient. All participants were followed up for at least 1 month. Failure was defined as necrosis of replanted finger which required revision amputation or flap cover of the skeleton. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increased level of pre-injury anxiety was an independent risk factor correlated with success rate (odds ratios [OR] = 7.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.93–30.30) in this series. The relative risk of anxiety group was 4.48 (95% CI: 1.38–14.49) compared to normal group. Digits with double arterial anastomosis in anxiety patients showed a higher survival rate while the number of veins repaired showed no significant effect on survival rate. Conclusions Increased level of pre-injury anxiety was an independent risk factors for digit replantation failure. Double arterial anastomosis increased the success rate of replanted digits in anxiety patients.