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Seven genotypically distinct strains assigned to the genus Erysipelothrix were isolated in different laboratories from several animal sources. Strain D17_0559-3-2-1 T and three further strains were isolated from samples of duck, pig and goose. The strains had >99 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each other and to strain VA92-K48 T and two further strains isolated from samples of medical leech and a turtle. The closest related type strains to the seven strains were those of Erysipelothrix inopinata (96.74 %) and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (95.93 %). Average nucleotide identity, amino acid identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization results showed that the strains represented two separate novel species. One further phylogenetically distinct strain (165301687 T ) was isolated from fox urine. The strain had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of Erysipelothrix tonsillarum (95.67 %), followed by Erysipelothrix piscisicarius (95.58 %) and Erysipelothrix larvae (94.22 %) and represented a further novel species. Chemotaxonomic and physiological data of the novel strains were assessed, but failed to unequivocally differentiate the novel species from existing members of the genus. MALDI-TOF MS data proved the discrimination of at least strain 165301687 T from all currently described species. Based on the presented phylogenomic and physiological data, we propose three novel species, Erysipelothrix anatis sp. nov. with strain D17_0559-3-2-1 T (=DSM 111258 T = CIP 111884 T =CCM 9044 T ) as type strain, Erysipelothrix aquatica sp. nov. with strain VA92-K48 T (=DSM 106012 T =LMG 30351 T =CIP 111492 T ) as type strain and Erysipelothrix urinaevulpis sp. nov. with strain 165301687 T (=DSM 106013 T = LMG 30352 T = CIP 111494 T ) as type strain.

Novel catalase-negative, Gram-stain-positive, beta-haemolytic, coccus-shaped organisms were isolated from Chacoan peccaries that died from respiratory disease. The initial API 20 Strep profiles suggested Streptococcus agalactiae with acceptable identification scores, but the 16S rRNA gene similarity (1548 bp) to available sequences of streptococci was below 98 %. Next taxa of the genus Streptococcus , displaying highest similarities to the strains from this study, were S. bovimastitidis NZ1587 T (97.5 %), S. iniae ATCC 29178 T (97.5 %), S. hongkongensis HKU30 T (97.4 %), S. parauberis DSM 6631 T (97.1 %), S. penaeicida CAIM 1838 T (97.1 %), S. pseudoporcinus DSM 18513 T (97.0 %), S. didelphis DSM 15616 T (96.6 %), S. ictaluri 707-05 T (96.6 %), S. uberis JCM 5709 T (96.5 %) and S. porcinus NCTC 10999 T (96.4 %). All other Streptococcus species had sequence similarities of below 96.4 %. A sodA gene as well as whole genome-based core genome phylogeny of three representative strains and 145 available Streptococcus genomes confirmed the unique taxonomic position. Interstrain average nucleotide identity (ANI) and amino acid identity (AAI) values were high (ANI >96 %; AAI 100%), but for other streptococci clearly below the proposed species boundary of 95-96 % (ANI <75 %; AAI <83 %). Results were confirmed by genome-to-genome distance calculations. Pairwise digital DNA-DNA hybridization estimates were high (>90 %) between the novel strains, but well below the species boundary of 70 % for closely related Streptococcus type strains (23.5-19.7 %). Phenotypic properties as obtained from extended biochemical profiles and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry supported the outstanding rank. Based on the presented molecular and physiological data of the six strains, we propose a novel taxon for which we suggest the name Streptococcus catagoni sp. nov. with the type strain 99-1/2017 T (=DSM 110457 T =CCUG 74072 T ) and five reference strains.

From a phlegmon in a dog an aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-motile bacterium was isolated in 2019 in Germany that stained Gram-negative and showed a pleomorphic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming appearance. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, strain IHIT1603-19 T was assigned to the genus Streptobacillus with sequence similarities of 98.6, 98.0, 97.9, 97.1 and 94.4 % to the type strains of Streptobacillus felis , Streptobacillus notomytis , Streptobacillus ratti , Streptobacillus moniliformis and Streptobacillus hongkongensis , respectively. Strain IHIT1603-19 T could also clearly be differentiated from other Streptobacillus species by rpoB , groEL and recA gene, nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses as well as by core genome phylogeny. Regarding DNA-DNA relatedness, strain IHIT1603-19 T demonstrated an average nucleotide identity of 83.00 and 82.28 % compared to S. felis 131000547 T and S. moniliformis DSM 12112 T , respectively. Chemotaxonomic and physiological data of strain IHIT1603-19 T were in congruence with other closely related members of the family Leptotrichiaceae , represented by highly similar enzyme profiles and fatty acid patterns. MALDI-TOF MS analysis also proved suitable in unequivocally discriminating strain IHIT1603-19 T from all currently described taxa of the genus Streptobacillus . On the basis of these data, we propose the novel species Streptobacillus canis sp. nov. with the type strain IHIT1603-19 T (=DSM 110501 T =CCUG 74118 T =CIP 111795 T ). The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 26.6 mol%, genome size is 1.60 Mbp.

A pleomorphic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, indole-, oxidase- and catalase- negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium was originally isolated in 1992 from moribund, seawater farmed Atlantic salmon with multifocal tissue necrosis. Strain AVG 2115T displayed considerable similarities with Streptobacillus moniliformis, one of the two etiological agents of rat bite fever, and has been stored as Streptobacillus sp. NCIMB 703044T. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, this strain displayed >99 % sequence similarities with uncultured bacterial clones from the digestive tracts of marine mammals, followed by Sneathia sanguinegens CCUG 41628T (92.7 %), 'Sneathia amnii' Sn35 (92.5 %), Caviibacter abscessus CCUG 39713T (92.2 %), Streptobacillus ratti OGS16T (91.3 %), Streptobacillus notomytis AHL 370-1T (91.2 %), S. moniliformis DSM 12112T (91.0 %), Streptobacillus felis 131000547T (90.9 %) and Streptobacillus hongkongensis DSM 26322T (89.7 %). Sequence similarities to all other taxa were below 89 %. Phylogenetic analysis for strain NCIMB 703044T revealed highly similar results for gyrB, groEL and recA nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence analyses independent of the employed treeing method. Average nucleotide identities (ANI) for complete genomes ranged from 66.00 % to 72.08 % between strain NCIMB 703044T and the type strains of Sebaldella termitidis, Leptotrichiabuccalis, Streptobacillus moniliformis, Sneathia sanguinegens and Caviibacter abscessus. Chemotaxonomic and physiological data of strain NCIMB 703044t were in congruence with closely related members of the family Leptotrichiaceae, represented by highly similar enzyme profiles and fatty acid patterns. MALDI-TOF MS analysis was capable to clearly discriminate strain NCIMB 703044T from all currently described taxa of the family Leptotrichiaceae. On the basis of these data we propose the novel taxon Oceanivirga salmonicida gen. nov. sp. nov. with the type strain AVG 2115T (=NCIMB 703044T) (=DSM 101867T). The G+C content is 25.4 %, genome size is 1.77 Mbp.

A pleomorphic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium was originally isolated from the mandibular lymph node of a guinea pig and deposited as Streptobacillus moniliformis CCUG 39713 in 1998. A second strain, 151011837, was isolated from an identical lesion in a guinea pig in Germany in 2015. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, these strains displayed highest sequence similarities with Sneathia sanguinegens NTS65407T (93.4%) and 'Sneathia amnii' Sn35 (93.2%), followed by Streptobacillus moniliformis DSM 12112T (91.3%), 'Streptobacillus ratti' OGS16 (91.2%), Streptobacillus notomytis AHL370-1T (91.0%), Streptobacillus hongkongensis HKU33T (90.9%) and Streptobacillus felis 131000547T (90.9%). Levels of sequence similarity with all other members of the family Leptotrichiaceae were <89%. Results of phylogenetic analyses of strains CCUG 39713T and 151011837, based on gyrB, groEL and recA nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences, were highly similar, as the topologies of all trees were virtually identical. DNA relatedness values derived from average nucleotide identities calculated for comparisons between strain CCUG 39713T and the type strains of Sneathia sanguinegens and Streptobacillus moniliformis, respectively, were 72.05 and 70.42%. The genomes of CCUG39713T and 151011837 shared 99.57% average nucletide identity. The chemotaxonomic and physiological data for strains CCUG 39713T and 151011837 were in congruence with other closely related members of the family Leptotrichiaceae, with highly similar enzyme activities and fatty acid profiles. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight MS analysis was capable of clearly discriminating strains CCUG 39713T and 151011837 from all taxa of the family Leptotrichiaceae with validly published names. On the basis of these data, the novel taxon Caviibacter abscessus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Caviibacter abscessus is CCUG 39713T (=DSM 101949T); 151011837 (DSM 101950) is an additional strain of the species.

An indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-motile bacterium, strain OGS16T, was isolated from an oral swab of a feral black rat (Rattus rattus) in 2007 in Japan. It stained Gram-negative and had pleomorphic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming cells. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, strain OGS16T was assigned to the genus Streptobacillus, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.3, 99.0, 98.6 and 95.5% to the type strains of Streptobacillus moniliformis, Streptobacillus notomytis, Streptobacillus felis and Streptobacillus hongkongensis, respectively. Strain OGS16T could also be differentiated clearly from other species of the genus Streptobacillus by rpoB, groEL and recA nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence analysis. DNA-DNA relatedness as obtained by average nucleotide identity was 89.10% between strain OGS16T and Streptobacillus moniliformis DSM 12112T. Chemotaxonomic and physiological data for strain OGS16T were congruent with results for other closely related members of the family Leptotrichiaceae, represented by highly similar enzyme profiles and fatty acid patterns. MALDI-TOF MS analysis also proved suitable in discriminating strain OGS16T unequivocally from all currently described taxa of the genus Streptobacillus. On the basis of these data, we propose the novel species Streptobacillus ratti sp. nov., with the type strain OGS16T (=JCM 31098T=DSM 101843T). The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 25.9 mol% and the genome size is 1.50 Mbp.

A pleomorphic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium was isolated in 1979 from the heart of a spinifex hopping mouse (Notomys alexis Thomas, 1922) with septicaemia and stored as Streptobacillus moniliformis in the strain collection of the Animal Health Laboratory, South Perth, Western Australia (AHL 370-1), as well as under CCUG 12425. On the basis of 16SrRNA gene sequence analyses, the strain was assigned to the genus Streptobacillus, with 99.4 % sequence similarity to the type strain of Streptobacillus moniliformis, 95.6 %sequence similarity to the type strain of Streptobacillus hongkongensis and 99.0 %sequence similarity to the type strain of Streptobacillus felis. The clear differentiation of strain AHL 370-1T from Streptobacillus moniliformis, Streptobacillus hongkongensis and Streptobacillus felis was also supported by rpoB, groEL and recA nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis. Average nucleotide identity was 87.16 % between strain AHL 370-1T and Streptobacillus moniliformis DSM 12112T. Physiological data confirmed the allocation of strain AHL 370-1T to the family Leptotrichiaceae, considering the very similar profiles of enzyme activities and fatty acids compared to closely related species. Within the genus Streptobacillus,isolate AHL 370-1T could also be separated unambiguously from the type strains of Streptobacillus moniliformis, Streptobacillus hongkongensis and Streptobacillus felis by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Two further strains (KWG2 and KWG24) isolated from asymptomatic black rats in Japan were highly similar to AHL 370-1T. On the basis of these data, we propose the novel species Streptobacillus notomytis sp. nov., with the type strain AHL370-1T (=CCUG 12425T=DSM 100026T=CCM 8593T=EF 12425T).