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A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, designated GJSW-36T, was isolated from seawater at Geoje island in the South Sea, South Korea. Strain GJSW-36T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0, at 25 °C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GJSW-36T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species of the genus Thalassotalea and Thalassomonas fusca . Strain GJSW-36T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 94.2–96.0 % to the type strains of species of the genus Thalassotalea and Thalassomonas fusca and of 93.8–94.5 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Thalassomonas . Strain GJSW-36T contained ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain GJSW-36T were phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content of strain GJSW-36T was 45.1 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain GJSW-36T is separated from species of the genus Thalassotalea and Thalassomonas fusca . On the basis of the data presented, strain GJSW-36T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Thalassotalea , for which the name Thalassotalea ponticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GJSW-36T ( = KCTC 42155T = CECT 8656T). From this study, it is also proposed that Thalassomonas fusca should be reclassified as a member of the genus Thalassotalea and the description of the genus Thalassotalea is emended.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated, gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated GJMS-9T, was isolated from seashore sand collected at Geoje island in the South Sea, South Korea. Strain GJMS-9T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GJMS-9T clustered with the type strain of Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens , showing the highest sequence similarity of 99.1 %. Strain GJMS-9T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.5 % to the type strain of Mesoflavibacter aestuarii and of less than 96.1 % to the type strains of other recognized species. Strain GJMS-9T contained MK-6 as the only menaquinone and iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The polar lipid profile of strain GJMS-9T containing phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified glycolipid as major components was similar to that of the type strain of M. zeaxanthinifaciens . The DNA G+C content of strain GJMS-9T was 32.2 mol% and its DNA–DNA relatedness with M. zeaxanthinifaciens DSM 18436T was 38±6.1 %. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain GJMS-9T is separated from other species of the genus Mesoflavibacter . On the basis of the data presented, strain GJMS-9T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mesoflavibacter , for which the name Mesoflavibacter sabulilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GJMS-9T ( = KCTC 42117T = CECT 8597T).

Two Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strains with different colony colours (greyish yellow and moderate orange), designated J-MR2-YT and J-MR2-O, were isolated from a tidal flat in the South Sea of South Korea. The two novel strains grew optimally at 35–37 °C. Strains J-MR2-YT and J-MR2-O showed no difference in their 16S rRNA gene sequences, and the mean DNA–DNA relatedness between them was 94 %. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains J-MR2-YT and J-MR2-O clustered consistently with the type strains of Loktanella soesokkakensis , L. hongkongensis and L. cinnabarina , with which it exhibited 97.83–99.06 % sequence similarity. Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other recognized species of the genus Loktanella were 94.01–96.26 %. Both strains contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone, C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid and phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified aminolipid as the major polar lipids. The DNA G+C contents of strains J-MR2-YT and J-MR2-O were 68.1 and 68.4 mol%, respectively, and DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of L. soesokkakensis , L. hongkongensis and L. cinnabarina were 19–37 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with their phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that the two novel strains are separated from other species of the genus Loktanella . On the basis of the data presented, strains J-MR2-YT and J-MR2-O are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Loktanella , for which the name Loktanella variabilis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J-MR2-YT ( = KCTC 42074T = CECT 8572T).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and pleomorphic (coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped) bacterial strain, BS-W15T, isolated from a tidal flat sediment at Boseong in South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. Strain BS-W15T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of approximately 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain BS-W15T joined the cluster comprising the type strains of Profundibacterium mesophilum , Hwanghaeicola aestuarii , M. pelagius and M. salinus , showing 93.5–96.4 % sequence similarities. Strain BS-W15T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the predominant fatty acid. The polar lipid profile of strain BS-W15T contained phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol as major components, differentiating it from those of the type strains of P. mesophilum , H. aestuarii , M. pelagius and M. salinus . The DNA G+C content of strain BS-W15T was 58.7 mol%. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, demonstrate that strain BS-W15T is distinct from type strains of P. mesophilum , H. aestuarii , M. pelagius and M. salinus . On the basis of the data presented, strain BS-W15T is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Boseongicola aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BS-W15T ( = KCTC 32576T = CECT 8489T).

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated GJR-7T, was isolated from coastal sand of the South Sea of South Korea. Strain GJR-7T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and without NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GJR-7T clustered with the type strains of Sphingopyxis wooponensis , Sphingopyxis rigui and Sphingorhabdus planktonica , with which it exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 96.0–96.3 %. Sequence similarities to the type strains of other recognized species were less than 95.5 %. Strain GJR-7T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c, 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) or C14 : 0 2-OH. The major polar lipids were sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain GJR-7T was 55.5 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain GJR-7T is separated from the type strains of Sphingopyxis wooponensis , Sphingopyxis rigui and Sphingorhabdus planktonica . On the basis of the data presented, strain GJR-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Sphingorhabdus , for which the name Sphingorhabdus arenilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GJR-7T ( = KCTC 42051T = CECT 8531T). It is also proposed that Sphingopyxis wooponensis and Sphingopyxis rigui should be reclassified as members of the genus Sphingorhabdus .