Search

Two novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strains, designated J2M5 T and J1M15 T , were isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a lake prawn Palaemon paucidens . Strain J2M5 T was an obligately aerobic bacterium that formed milky-coloured colonies and showed a rod-coccus cell cycle, while strain J1M15 T was a facultatively aerobic bacterium that formed orangish-yellow-coloured colonies and showed rod-shaped cells. Strains J2M5 T and J1M15 T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides ganghwensis JC2055 T (98.63 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39 T (98.08 %), respectively. The whole-genome sequence of strain J2M5 T was 4.52 Mbp in size and the genomic G+C content directly calculated from the genome sequence of strain J2M5 T was 72.5 mol%. The whole-genome sequence of strain J1M15 T was 3.20 Mbp in size and the genomic G+C content directly calculated from the genome sequence of strain J1M15 T was 69.6mol %. Strains J2M5 T and J1M15 T showed high OrthoANI similarity to N. ganghwensis JC2055 T (83.6 %) and T. flavescens (77.2 %), respectively. We analysed the genome sequences of strains J2M5 T and J1M15 T in terms of carbohydrate-active enzymes, antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factor genes. Strains J2M5 T and J1M15 T contained MK-8 (H 4 ) and MK-9 (H 4 ) as the predominant respiratory quinones, respectively. The major polar lipids of both strains were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Additionally, strain J2M5 T possessed phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The cellular sugar components of strain J2M5 T were ribose, mannose, glucose and galactose, and its cellular amino acid components were l-alanine and l-lysine. The cellular sugar components of strain J1M15 T were rhamnose, ribose, mannose and glucose, and its cellular amino acid component was l-alanine. The major cellular fatty acids of strains J2M5 T and J1M15 T were iso-C 16 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 , respectively. The multiple taxonomic analyses indicated that strains J2M5 T and J1M15 T represent novel species of the genus Nocardioides and Tessaracoccus , respectively. We propose the names Nocardioides palaemonis sp. nov. and Tessaracoccus palaemonis sp. nov. for strain J2M5 T (=KCTC 49461 T =CCUG 74767 T ) and strain J1M15 T (=KCTC 49462 T =CCUG 74766 T ), respectively.

A novel bacterium, designated strain JHSY0214 T , was isolated from the gut of a Korean limpet, Cellana toreuma . Cells of strain JHSY0214 T were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, yellow-pigmented, non-spore-forming, non-motile and showed a rod-coccus growth cycle. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain belonged to the genus Parasphingorhabdus , and was most closely related to Parasphingorhabdus litoris KCTC 12764 T (98.71 %). Strain JHSY0214 T had two fluoroquinolone-resistance genes and seven multidrug-resistance efflux pump genes, but did not have beta-lactamase genes and zinc resistance genes compared with P. litoris KCTC 12764 T . Strain JHSY0214 T grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain JHSY0214 T were summed feature 8 (C 18 : 1  ω 6 c and/or C 18 : 1  ω 7 c ; 41.2 %), summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1  ω 7 c and/or C 16 : 1  ω 6 c ; 21 %) and C 16 : 0 (18.9 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-10. The major polar lipids were sphingoglycolipid and phosphatidylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G+C content was 52.8 mol%. Based on phylogenetic, genotypic and phenotypic data, strain JHSY0214 T represents a novel species of the genus Parasphingorhabdus , for which the name Parasphingorhabdus cellanae is proposed. The type strain is JHSY0214 T (=KCTC 82387 T =DSM 112279 T ).

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium with a single polar flagellum, designated strain 2T18 T , was isolated from the gut of the freshwater mussel Anodonta arcaeformis collected in the Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the genus Chitinibacter . Strain 2T18 T formed a monophyletic clade with Chitinibacter fontanus KCTC 42982 T , C. tainanensis KACC 11706 T and C. alvei KCTC 23839 T , with sequence similarities of 98.5, 98.4 and 95.9 %, respectively. Strain 2T18 T exhibited optimal growth at 30 °C, at pH 8 and with 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 ω 6 c and/or C 16 : 1 ω 7 c ) and C 16 : 0 . The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified lipid, three unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 50.6 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains 2T18 T and C. fontanus KCTC 42982 T were below the thresholds used for the delineation of a novel species. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain 2T18 T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinibacter , for which the name Chitinibacter bivalviorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2T18 T (=KCTC 72821 T =CCUG 74764 T ).

A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize two novel bacterial strains, designated as HDW11 T and HDW19 T , isolated from intestine samples of the dark diving beetle Hydrophilus acuminatus and the diving beetle Cybister lewisianus , respectively. Both isolates were Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and non-motile. Strain HDW11 T grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 8 and in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl. Strain HDW19 T grew optimally at 25 °C, pH 7 and in the presence of 0.3% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome sequences revealed that strain HDW11 T is a member of the genus Brevilactibacter and is closely related to Brevilactibacter flavus VG341 T [with 97.9% 16S rRNA sequence identity and 79.1% average nucleotide identity (ANI)], and that strain HDW19 T belongs to the genus Weissella and is closely related to W. koreensis KCTC 3621 T (with 98.9% 16S rRNA sequence identity and 79.5% ANI). The major cellular fatty acids of strains HDW11 T and HDW19 T were C 18:1 ω 9c and anteiso-C 15:0 , respectively. The sole respiratory quinone of strain HDW11 T was MK-9 (H 4 ). The major polar lipid components of strain HDW11 T were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, and the major polar lipid component of strain HDW19 T was diphosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G+C content of strains HDW11 T and HDW19 T were 72.1 and 37.2 mol%, respectively. The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses suggest that strain HDW11 T represents a novel species within the genus Brevilactibacter , and that strain HDW19 T represents a novel species within the genus Weissella . We propose the name Brevilactibacter coleopterorum sp. nov. for strain HDW11 T (=KACC 21335 T =KCTC 49320 T =JCM 33680 T ) and the name Weissella coleopterorum for strain HDW19 T (=KACC 21347 T =KCTC 43114 T =JCM 33684 T ).

A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize a novel bacterium, designated as strain HDW20 T , isolated from the intestine of the dark diving beetle Hydrophilus acuminatus . The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus-shaped, and formed pale orange colonies. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome sequences showed that the isolate belonged to the genus Tessaracoccus in the phylum Actinobacteria and was closely related to T. flavescens SST-39 T , T. defluvii JCM 17540 T , and T. aquimaris NSG39 T , with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.5 % and a highest average nucleotide identity (ANI) value of 80.6 %. The major cellular fatty acids were C 18 : 1  ω 9 c and anteiso-C 15 : 0 . The main respiratory quinone was MK-9 (H 4 ). The major polar lipid components were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.0 %. The isolate contains ʟʟ-diaminopimelic acid, ʟ-alanine, and ʟ-lysine as amino acid components, and ribose, glucose, and galactose as sugar components of the cell wall peptidoglycan. The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses suggested that strain HDW20 T represents a novel species within the genus Tessaracoccus . We propose the name Tessaracoccus coleopterorum sp. nov. The type strain is HDW20 T (=KACC 21348 T =KCTC 49324 T =JCM 33674 T ).

A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccobacillus-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain H23T48 T , was isolated from the faecal sample of an oriental stork collected from the Seoul Grand Park Zoo in Seoul, Republic of Korea. Optimal growth of strain H23T48 T was observed at 30-37 °C, pH 8 and with 3 % (w/v) NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain H23T48 T was closely related to the genus Flaviflexus , with 97.0 and 96.7 % sequence similarities to Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola EBR4-1-2 T and Flaviflexus huanghaiensis H5 T , respectively. Strain H23T48 T possessed MK-9(H 4 ) as the major menaquinone and C 16 : 0 (42.4 %), C 18 : 1  ω 9 c (31.3 %) and C 14 : 0 (17.7 %) as the major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipids included phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified lipids, six unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified glycophospholipids. The amino acid composition of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was l-alanine, l-lysine, d-glutamic acid, l-aspartic acid and glycine. The genomic G+C content of strain H23T48 T is 59.5 mol% and the average nucleotide identity value between H23T48 T and F. salsibiostraticola KCT C33148 T (=EBR4-1-2 T ) is 75.5 %. Based on the obtained data, strain H23T48 T represents a novel species of the genus Flaviflexus , for which the name Flaviflexus ciconiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H23T48 T (=KCTC 49253 T =JCM 33282 T ).

A novel, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain H21T32 T , was isolated from the faeces of an Oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana . Cells formed cocci grouped in pairs, tetrads or conglomerates, and colonies on solid medium were pale yellow. Strain H21T32 T belonged to the genus Jeotgalibaca , family Carnobacteriaceae , order Lactobacillales and class Bacilli . The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the strain showed 97.06-97.34, 96.17-96.31 and 95.93-96.07 % similarity to the type strains of Jeotgalibaca arthritidis , J. porci and J. dankookensis , respectively. The strain grew at 10-37 °C (optimum temperature: 30 °C), with 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum salinity: 0.5 %) and at pH 7-9 (optimum pH: 8). The main cellular fatty acids were C 16 : 1 ω 9 c , C 18 : 1 ω 9 c and C 16 : 0 . The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. Respiratory quinones were not detected. Sugar components of the peptidoglycan were rhamnose, ribose and glucose. Amino acid components of the cell wall were l-alanine, d-glucose, l-lysine, glycine and aspartic acid. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 37.1 mol%. Average nucleotide identity between strain H21T32 T and J. arthritidis CECT 9157 T was 77.02 %, confirming that strain H21T32 T represents a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibaca , for which the name Jeotgalibaca ciconiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H21T32 T (=KCTC 33991 T =JCM 33222 T ).

A novel Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium, designated strain K13M18 T , was isolated from the intestinal tract of a Korean indigenous fish, oily bitterling ( Acheilognathus koreensis ). Strain K13M18 T formed creamy-pink colonies on a marine agar plate. Results of phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain K13M18 T was most closely related to Tabrizicola sediminis DRYC-M-16 T , sharing 97.62 % similarity with that strain. Strain K13M18 T belonged to the genus Tabrizicola , which formed a cluster with Tabrizicola aquatica RCRI19 T , Tabrizicola fusiformis SY72 T , Tabrizicola sediminis DRYC-M-16 T and Tabrizicola alkalilacus DJC T in a phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Strain K13M18 T grown optimally in 0 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 7 and 30 °C, in a marine broth medium. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C 18 : 1 ω 7 c and C 18 : 1 ω 6 c . The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. Polar lipids of strain K13M18 T contained phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, six unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid. Based on genome sequencing, the DNA G+C content of strain K13M18 T was 64.08 mol %, with an average nucleotide identity value, calculated by a comparative genomic analysis of strains K13M18 T and T. sediminis DRYC-M-16 T , of 74.82 %. Based on the phylogenetic, genotypic, and phenotypic information, strain K13M18 T is proposed to be a novel species of the genus Tabrizicola . The type strain is K13M18 T (=KCTC 62659 T =JCM 33230 T ).

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, reddish-orange-coloured, gliding bacterial strain, designated L12M1 T , was isolated from the gut of the Korean scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis . Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain L12M1 T formed a monophyletic clade with the strains in the genus Flammeovirga and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Flammeovirga kamogawensis YS10 T (98.66 %). The major cellular fatty acids of strain L12M1 T were iso-C 15 : 0 and C 20 : 4 ω6,9,12,15 c . The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The major polyamines were spermidine, cadaverine and the minor polyamine was putrescine. The DNA G+C content was 32.1 mol%. The phylogenetic, phenotypic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and genotypic results indicated that strain L12M1 T represents a novel species of the genus Flammeovirga , for which the name Flammeovirga pectinis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is L12M1 T (=KCTC 62750 T =JCM 33169 T ).

A novel Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, obligate aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, and flagellated bacterium, designated S11R28 T , was isolated from the intestinal tract of a Korean shiner, Coreoleuciscus splendidus . Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain S11R28 T was identified as member of the genus Undibacterium in class Betaproteobacteria , and was closely related to Undibacterium parvum DSM 23061 T (98.49 %). The isolate grew at 4-25 °C, pH 6-9, with 0 % (w/v) NaCl, and grew optimally at 20 °C, pH 8, in the absence of NaCl. The main cellular fatty acids were C 16 : 0 and summed features 3 (C 16 : 1 ω7 c and/or C 16 : 1 ω6 c ). The strain possessed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine as predominant polar lipids, and ubiquinone Q-8 as a respiratory quinone. The polyamine profile composed of 2-hydroxyputrescine, spermidine, putrescine, and benzoic acid. A genomic DNA G+C content was 51.4 mol%. The average nucleotide identity between strains S11R28 T and U. parvum DSM 23061 T was 78.66 %. Thus, Undibacterium piscinae can be considered a novel species within the genus Undibacterium with the type strain S11R28 T (=KCTC 62668 T =JCM 33224 T ).

A novel Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-violet-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain H11R3 T , was isolated from the feces of Oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana , collected from Seoul Grand Park Zoo, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that H11R3 T formed a monophyletic clade with Iodobacter fluviatilis DSM 3764 T , Iodobacter arcticus DSM 100243 T , and Iodobacter limnosediminis DSM 103822 T , with sequence similarities of 98.8, 98.6 and 98.4 %, respectively. H11R3 T grew optimally at 15 °C, pH 8, with 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified lipids, four unidentified phospholipids, and two unidentified aminophospholipids. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 and C 16 : 0 , and the DNA G+C content of the genome is 48.0 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) value between strains H11R3 T and I. fluviatilis NCTC 11159 T (=DSM 3764 T ) is 83.7 %. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain H11R3 T represents a novel species of the genus Iodobacter for which the name Iodobacterciconiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H11R3 T (=KCTC 62666 T =JCM 33283 T ).

A novel Gram-stain-negative, coccus-shaped, aerobic and motile bacterial strain, designated S12M18 T , was isolated from the gut of the Korean turban shell, Turbo cornutus . Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S12M18 T belonged to the genus Pseudorhodobacter and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity twith Pseudorhodobacter aquimaris HDW-19 T (98.63 %). The phylogenomic tree congruently verified that strain S12M18 T occupies a taxonomic position within the genus Pseudorhodobacter . The OrthoANIu value between strain S12M18 T and P. aquimaris HDW-19 T was 87.22 %. The major cellular fatty acid of strain S12M18 T was summed feature 8 (C 18 : 1  ω7 c or C 18 : 1  ω6 c ). The major components of the polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. The DNA G＋C content was 57.8 mol%. The polyphasic analyses indicated that strain S12M18 T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudorhodobacter , for which the name Pseudorhodobacter turbinis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S12M18 T (=KCTC 62742 T =JCM 33168 T ).