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A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated as 6D33 T , was isolated from mangrove soil. Growth was found to occur at 15-32 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 7) and in 0-3 % NaCl (optimum, 1 %, w/v). The results of 16S rRNA gene-based analysis showed that strain 6D33 T belonged to the family Temperatibacteraceae , sharing 93.1-94.4 % identity with its close neighbours within the genus Kordiimonas . The phylogenomic results indicated that strain 6D33 T formed an independent branch distinct from type strains of the genus Kordiimonas . The overall genome relatedness indices of digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity and amino acid identity values showed that strain 6D33 T represents a novel species of a novel genus. The results of chemotaxonomic characterization indicated that the major cellular fatty acids of strain 6D33 T were summed feature 9 (C 16 : 0 10-methyl and/or iso-C 17 : 1  ω 9 c ), summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1  ω 6 c and/or C 16 : 1  ω 7 c ) and iso-C 15 : 0 ; the polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified lipids; the only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The genomic size and DNA G+C contents were 3.59 Mbp and 60.84 mol%, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence reads abundance profiles revealed that the rare taxon is prevalent in marine environments, especially in sediments. Genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of strain 6D33 T revealed a heterotrophic lifestyle and many pathways responsible for the degradation of aromatic compounds, suggesting application potential in aromatic hydrocarbon removal. Based on its genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strain 6D33 T is concluded to represent a novel species of the novel genus in the family Temperatibacteraceae , for which the name Gimibacter soli gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is 6D33 T (=GDMCC 1.1959 T =KCTC 82335 T ).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and pleomorphic bacterium designated as YG55 T was isolated from a coastal sediment sample. Growth was found to occur at 10-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 8) and in 0-6 % NaCl (optimum, 1 %). The results of 16S rRNA gene-based analysis showed that strain YG55 T was related to the members of the genus Tsuneonella and shared the highest identity of 99.4 % with Tsuneonella dongtanensis GDMCC 1.2307 T , followed by Tsuneonella troitsensis JCM 17037 T (98.4 %). The phylogenomic results indicated that strain YG55 T formed an independent branch distinct from the reference type strains. The 22.7 and 21.8 % digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values and 83.0 and 81.8 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain YG55 T and the two relatives were below the species definition thresholds of 70 % (dDDH) and 95-96 % (ANI), indicating that the strain represents a novel genospecies. The results of chemotaxonomic characterization indicated that the major cellular fatty acids of strain YG55 T were summed feature 8 (C 18 : 1  ω 6 c and/or C 18 : 1  ω 7 c ), C 14 : 0 2OH and C 16 : 0 ; the main polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and sphingoglycolipid; the respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The genomic size and DNA G+C contents were 3.03 Mbp and 66.98 %. The strain contained carotenoid biosynthesis genes and could produce carotenoids. Based on its genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strain YG55 T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Tsuneonella , for which the name Tsuneonella litorea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YG55 T (=GDMCC 1.2590 T =KCTC 82812 T ).

The three novel bacterial strains designated as 3Y2 T , 4Y16 and 4Y11 T were isolated from an aquaculture farm and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. These strains were determined to be catalase- and oxidase-positive and to hydrolyze gelatin and aesculin. The results of 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the three strains were related to members of the genus Ideonella . The phylogenomic results further indicated that the three strains formed two independent branches distinct from reference type strains within this genus. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), average nucleotide identity (ANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI) values between the three strains and their relatives were far below the thresholds of 70 % dDDH, 95-96 % ANI and 95 % AAI for species definition, respectively, indicating that the three strains represent two novel genospecies. The results of chemotaxonomic characterization indicated that the major cellular fatty acids of the three strains were summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 ω6 c and/or C 16 : 1 ω7c ) and C 16 : 0 ; the common main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol; the respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The genomic DNA G+C contents of the three strains were 70.2, 70.1 and 69.7%, respectively. On the basis of the different genotypes and distinctive phenotypes such as the phosphatidylcholine and glycolipid only in 3Y2 T and the utilization of malic acid and trisodium citrate only in 4Y11 T , strains 3Y2 T and 4Y11 T are concluded to represent two novel species of the genus Ideonella , for which the names Ideonella alba sp. nov. (type strain 3Y2 T = GDMCC 1.2584 T = KCTC 82813 T ) and Ideonella aquatica sp. nov. (type strain 4Y11 T = GDMCC 1.1935 T = JCM 34285 T ) are proposed.

A novel Gram-stain-negative and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated as 4Y14 T , was isolated from aquaculture water and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain 4Y14 T was found to grow at 10-40 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, 7.0-8.0) and with 0-2 % NaCl (optimum, 1 %, w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 4Y14 T belonged to the genus Chitinilyticum with high levels of similarity to Chitinilyticum litopenaei c1 T (97.8 %) and Chitinilyticum aquatile c14 T (97.2 %). Phylogenomic analysis indicated that strain 4Y14 T formed an independent branch distinct from the two type strains above. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain 4Y14 T and the two type strains were, respectively, 25.3 and 25.0 %, and 81.2 and 80.3 %, which were well below the thresholds of 70 % DDH and 95-96 % ANI for species definition, implying that strain 4Y14 T should represent a novel genospecies. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain 4Y14 T were summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 ω7 c and/or C 16 : 1 ω6 c) and iso-C 16 : 0 ; the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine; and the sole respiratory quinone was Q-8. The genomic DNA G+C content was 60.1 mol%. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain 4Y14 T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Chitinilyticum , for which the name Chitinilyticum piscinae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is 4Y14 T (=GDMCC 1.1934 T =KACC 22080 T ).

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strain designated as 6D45A T was isolated from mangrove soil and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain 6D45A T was found to grow at 10-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 6D45A T fell into the genus Salipiger and shared 99.1 % identity with the closest type strain Salipiger pacificus CGMCC 1.3455 T and less than 97.2 % identity with other type strains of this genus. The 34.8 % digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and 88.3 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain 6D45A T and the closest relative above were well below recognized thresholds of 70 % DDH and 95-96 % ANI for species definition, implying that strain 6D45A T should represent a novel genospecies. The phylogenomic analysis indicated that strain 6D45A T formed an independent branch distinct from reference strains. The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain 6D45A T was summed feature 8 (C 18 : 1  ω6 c and/or C 18 : 1  ω7 c, 66.9 %); the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified glycolipids and an unknown lipid; the respiratory quinone was Q-10. The genomic DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol %. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain 6D45A T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Salipiger , for which the name Salipiger mangrovisoli sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of the species is 6D45A T (=GDMCC 1.1960 T =KCTC 82334 T ). We also propose the reclassification of Paraphaeobacter pallidus as Salipiger pallidus comb. nov. and ' Pelagibaca abyssi ' as a species of the genus Salipiger .

A novel Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated as 4C16A T , was isolated from a tidal flat sediment and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain 4C16A T was found to grow at 10-40 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.0-7.0) and in 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 4C16A T fell into the genus Roseibium , and shared the highest identity of 98.9 % with the closest type strain Roseibium suaedae KACC 13772 T and less than 98.0 % identity with other type strains of recognized species within this genus. The phylogenomic analysis indicated that strain 4C16A T formed an independent branch within this genus. The 28.6 % digital DNA-DNA hybridization estimate and 85.0 % average nucleotide identity between strains 4C16A T and R. suaedae KACC 13772 T were the highest, but still far below their respective threshold for species definition, implying that strain 4C16A T should represent a novel genospecies. The predominant cellular fatty acid was summed feature 8; the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine; the respiratory quinones were Q-9 and Q-10. The genomic DNA G+C content was 59.8mol %. Based on phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain 4C16A T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Roseibium , for which the name Roseibium litorale sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is 4C16A T (=GDMCC 1.1932 T =KACC 22078 T ). We also propose the reclassification of Labrenzia polysiphoniae as Roseibium polysiphoniae comb. nov. and ' Labrenzia callyspongiae ' as Roseibium callyspongiae sp. nov.

A polyphasic taxonomic study was undertaken to clarify the exact position of the type strain cai42 T of the species Defluviimonas alba Pan et al . 2015. The results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the two sequences from cai42 T shared 99.6 and 99.7 % similarity to that of the type strain SP32 T of the species Frigidibacter albus and formed a coherent clade in the phylogenetic tree. Whole genomic comparison between cai42 T and SP32 T yielded a digital DNA-DNA hybridization estimate of 36.3 %, an average nucleotide identity of 88.8 % and an average amino acid identity of 89.8 %, clearly indicating that the two strains should belong to two genospecies of the same genus. The close relationship between the two strains was underpinned by the results of genome-based phylogenetic analysis. Although cai42 T and SP32 T shared similar physiological and biochemical properties, some striking differences, such as mobility, the temperature range for growth and the polar lipid components, could distinguish them as separate species. Therefore, the comparative phenotypic and genotypic analyses supported the incorporation of Defluviimonas alba into the genus Frigidibacter as Frigidibacter mobilis nom. nov. with the type strain cai42 T (=CGMCC 1.12518 T =LMG 27406 T ).

The present study aimed to examine the taxonomic relationship between two species, Paracoccus bengalensis Ghosh et al . 2006 and Paracoccus versutus (Harrison 1983) Katayama et al . 1996. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that P. bengalensis JJJ T was highly similar (99.9 %) to P. versutus A2 T . The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains formed a tight cluster within the genus Paracoccus . Whole genomic comparison between the two strains showed a digital DNA-DNA hybridization estimate of 82. 0 % and an average nucleotide identity value of 98.2 %, clearly indicating that the two strains were members of the same species. Moreover, the type strains of both species shared similar physiological and biochemical properties and fatty acids profiles. Based on genotypic and phenotypic evidence, we conclude that Paracoccus bengalensis Ghosh et al . 2006 is a later heterotypic synonym of Paracoccus versutus (Harrison 1983) Katayama et al . 1996 according to the priority of publication and validation of the name.