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Two strains, designated as SYSU M80004 T and SYSU M80005 T , were isolated from water sampled in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China. The strains were Gram-stain-negative and aerobic. Strain SYSU M80004 T could grow at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 22-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 0-1 % NaCl (w/v; optimum 0 %). Strain SYSU M80005 T could grow at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 4-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 0-1 % NaCl (w/v; optimum 0%). Both strains contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. C 16 : 0 and iso-C 15 : 0 were identified as the major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain SYSU M80004 T while strain SYSU M80005 T contained iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH as major fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine was present as the major polar lipid in both strains. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between these two strains and their closest relatives were 73.5-79.3 % and 19.6-23.2 %, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and genomic sequences indicated they belonged to the genus Flavobacterium . Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic, physiological, chemotaxonomic and genomic evidence, two novel species, Flavobacterium adhaerens sp. nov. (type strain=SYSU M80004 T =CDMCC 1.4522 T =KCTC 102268 T ) and Flavobacterium maritimum sp. nov. (type strain=SYSU M80005 T =CGMCC 1.4523 T = KCTC 102269 T ) are proposed.

Two Gram-stain-negative strains, designed SYSU M86414 T and SYSU M84420, were isolated from marine sediment samples of the South China Sea (Sansha City, Hainan Province, PR China). These strains were aerobic and could grow at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 4-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), and in the presence of 0-10 % NaCl (w/v; optimum 3 %). The predominant respiratory menaquinone of strains SYSU M86414 T and SYSU M84420 was MK-6. The primary cellular polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) in both strains were iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 1 G, and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content of strains SYSU M86414 T and SYSU M84420 were both 42.10 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and core genes indicated that these novel strains belonged to the genus Flagellimonas and strain SYSU M86414 T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Flagellimonas marinaquae JCM 11811 T (98.83 %), followed by Flagellimonas aurea BC31-1-A7 T (98.62 %), while strain SYSU M84420 had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to F. marinaquae JCM 11811 T (98.76 %) and F. aurea BC31-1-A7 T (98.55 %). Based on the results of polyphasic analyses, strains SYSU M86414 T and SYSU M84420 should be considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flagellimonas , for which the name Flagellimonas halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the proposed novel isolate is SYSU M86414 T (=GDMCC 1.3806 T =KCTC 102040 T ).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, ovoid-shaped and yellow-coloured strain, designated SYSU M79828 T , was isolated from seawater collected from the South China Sea. Growth of this strain was observed at 4-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0-6% NaCl (optimum, 3.0 %, w/v). The respiratory quinone was found to be Q-10. Major fatty acid constituents were C 18 : 1  ω 7 c /C 18 : 1  ω 6 c , C 18 : 1 ω 7 c 11-methyl and C 18 : 0 (>5 % of total). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 64.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and core genes indicated that strain SYSU M79828 T belonged to the genus Cereibacter and had the highest sequences similarity to ' Rhodobacter xinxiangensis ' TJ48 T (98.41 %). Based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, physiological and chemotaxonomic characterizations, we consider that strain SYSU M79828 T represents a novel species of the genus Cereibacter , for which the name Cereibacter flavus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU M79828 T (=GDMCC 1.3803 T =KCTC 92893 T ). In addition, according to the results of phylogenetic analysis and similar taxonomic characteristics, we propose that Rhodobacter alkalitolerans should be reclassified as Cereibacter alkalitolerans comb. nov.

A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, and rod-shaped strain, designated SYSU M60031 T , was isolated from a Pearl River Estuary sediment sample, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. The isolate could grow at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 25-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). The predominant respiratory menaquinone of SYSU M60031 T was MK-7. The cellular polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophospholipid, and one unidentified aminolipid. The major fatty acids (>10 % of total) were iso-C 14 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 0 , and C 16 : 0 . The genomic DNA G+C content was 51.2 %. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and core genes indicated that strain SYSU M60031 T belonged to the genus Ectobacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Ectobacillus funiculus NAF001 T (96.16%), followed by Ectobacillus antri SYSU K30001 T (95.08 %). Based on the phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU M60031 T should be considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ectobacillus , for which the name Ectobacillus ponti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the proposed novel isolate is SYSU M60031 T (=CGMCC 1.19243 T =NBRC 115614 T ).

Strain SYSU D60016 T , a rod-shaped bacterium that tends to form clusters, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the Gurbantunggut desert, China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, catalase-negative and oxidase-positive. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYSU D60016 T shared less than 94 % sequence identity with members of the family Hymenobacteraceae. The strain exhibited growth at 15-50 °C, pH 6-8 and in the presence of up to 3 % (w/v) NaCl. Its chemotaxonomic features included MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) as major cellular fatty acids and phosphatidylethanolamine as the main polar lipid. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 50.1 % (genome). Analyses of the phylogenetic data and differences in the chemotaxonomic and biochemical features from related genera in the family Hymenobacteraceae indicated that strain SYSU D60016 T merits representation of a novel species of a novel genus in the family Hymenobacteraceae. The name Botryobacter ruber gen. nov., sp. nov. is, therefore, proposed to represent the phylogenetic position of strain SYSU D60016 T in the family Hymenobacteraceae. The type strain of the proposed new taxon is SYSU D60016 T (=KCTC 52794 T =NBRC 112957 T ).

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, short rod and aerobic bacterium, designated strain SYSU M10001 T , was isolated from a water sample collected from the coastal region of Pearl River Estuary, Guangdong Province, PR China. Strain SYSU M10001 T showed optimal growth at 28 °C, pH 7.0 and in the absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and concatenation of 20 protein markers revealed a distinct lineage for strain SYSU M10001 T in the order Rhizobiales. Strain SYSU M10001 T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Hyphomicrobium nitrativorans NL23 T (91.1 %) and Hyphomicrobium hollandicum IFAM KB-677 T (91.1 %). The respiratory ubiquinone was Q-8. The polar lipids of the strain comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified lipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids identified were C19 : 0cyclo ω8c, summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0. The G+C content was determined to be 65.5 % (genome). On the basis of differences in the phenotypic, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and results of the phylogenetic analyses, strain SYSU M10001 T is proposed to represent a novel species in a novel genus for which the name Aestuariivirga litoralis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species Aestuariivirga litoralis is SYSU M10001 T (=NBRC 112960 T =KCTC 52945 T ). Besides, the distinct phylogenetic lineage and the distinct chemotaxonomic profile among the families in the order Rhizobiales indicated that strain SYSU M10001 T should represent a new family for which the name Aestuariivirgaceae fam. nov. is proposed.

Strain SYSU D8004 T was isolated from a sample collected from an arid area in Saudi Arabia. The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and non-spore-forming. It could grow at 4-45 °C, at pH 6.0-10.0 and in the presence of up to 17 % (w/v) NaCl. Pairwise comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYSU D8004 T shared highest sequence similarity with Georgenia halophila YIM 93316 T (96.5 %). Menaquinone MK-8(H4) was detected as the respiratory quinone. The polar lipid profile of strain SYSU D8004 T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two phosphatidylinositol mannosides, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. Strain SYSU D8004 T contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C14 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids (>10 %). Galactose, glucose and rhamnose were detected as whole-cell sugars. Based on analyses of the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it was determined that strain SYSU D8004 T could be differentiated from other closely related members of the genus Georgenia. Strain SYSU D8004 T is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Georgenia, for which the name Georgenia deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU D8004 T (=CGMCC 1.15793 T =KCTC 39987 T ).

Strain SYSU D8010 T was isolated from a desert sand sample collected in Saudi Arabia. The taxonomic position of the isolate was investigated by the polyphasic taxonomic approach. The isolate was found to be Gram-positive and aerobic. The strain was able to grow at 14-40 °C, pH 5.0-9.0 and in the presence of up to 22 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain SYSU D8010 T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall diamino acid, and arabinose, fucose, galactose, glucose and rhamnose as the whole-cell sugars. The primary polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositolmannosides. Menaquinone MK-9(H4) was detected as the respiratory quinone; and anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. Pairwise comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYSU D8010 T had a sequence similarity of 97.8 % to Saccharopolyspora halophila YIM 90500 T . The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU D8010 T was determined to be 69.9 mol%. Based on the analyses of the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain SYSU D8010 T was determined to represent a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is SYSU D8010 T (=KCTC 39989 T =CPCC 204620 T ).

Strains SYSU D8007 T and SYSU D8014 T were isolated from desert soil collected from Saudi Arabia. The two isolates were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and non-spore-forming. These strains were able to grow at 4-45 °C and in the presence of up to 8 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain SYSU D8007 T could grow at pH 6.0-10.0, and strain SYSU D8014 T at pH 5.0-10.0. They shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Microbacterium marinilacus YM11-607 T and Microbacterium paludicola US15 T . Menaquinones MK-11 and MK-12 were detected as the respiratory quinones. The polar lipid profiles of strains SYSU D8007 T and SYSU D8014 T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, but differed in the number of unidentified glycolipids. Strain SYSU D8007 T contained anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids, while strain SYSU D8014 T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as the major fatty acids (>10 %). While glucose, rhamnose and ribose were detected in strain SYSU D8007 T as the whole-cell sugars, galactose, glucose and rhamnose were present in strain SYSU D8014 T . The genomic DNA G+C content of strains SYSU D8007 T and SYSU D8014 T was 72.2 and 73.6 mol%, respectively. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it can be concluded that strains SYSU D8007 T and SYSU D8014 T represent two novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the names Microbacterium album sp. nov. and Microbacterium deserti sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strains are SYSU D8007 T (=CGMCC 1.15794 T =KCTC 39990 T ) and SYSU D8014 T (=CPCC 204619 T =KCTC39991 T ).

Strain SYSU D8009 T was isolated from a desert sample collected from Saudi Arabia. The taxonomic position of the isolate was investigated by a polyphasic approach. The novel isolate was Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and non-spore-forming. It was able to grow at 4-45 °C and pH 4.0-8.0, and exhibited NaCl tolerance of up to 1.5 % (w/v). Strain SYSU D8009 T shared the closest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with members of the family Acetobacteraceae, with a value of less than 96.0 %. In the phylogenetic dendrograms, the strain clustered with the genera Paracraurococcus, Craurococcus and Crenalkalicoccus within the family Acetobacteraceae but with a distinct lineage, thereby demonstrating that the strain should be classified within the family Acetobacteraceae. The respiratory ubiquinone was found to be Q-10. The polar lipids of the strain comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and four unidentified aminolipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU D8009 T was determined to be 71.6 mol%. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analyses and differences in the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SYSU D8009 T merits representation of a novel species of a new genus within the family Acetobacteraceae, for which the name Siccirubricoccus deserti gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Siccirubricoccus deserti sp. nov. is SYSU D8009 T (=CGMCC 1.15936 T =KCTC 62088 T ).

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K10005 T , was isolated from a soil sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-west China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were aerobic and Gram-stain-positive. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10005 T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Nonomuraea, and shared highest sequence similarity of 98.4 % with Nonomuraea candida HMC10 T . DNA-DNA hybridization values between the two strains were less than 70 %. The whole-cell hydrolysates of strain SYSU K10005 T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (diagnostic diamino acid), and arabinose, madurose and rhamnose (whole-cell sugars). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, an unidentified lipid, two unidentified ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10005 T was 64.2 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10005 T can be characterized to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea cavernae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU K10005 T (=KCTC 39805 T =CGMCC 4.7368 T ).

Two extremely halophilic archaea, strains YIM 93745 T and YIM 93707, were isolated from a saline soil sample collected from Loulan, China. Cells of the two strains were coccus, non-motile and Gram-stain negative. The strains were aerobic and grew at 25-50 °C (optimum, 37 °C), in the presence of 5-35 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 20 %), 0.01-0.1 M Mg 2 + (optimum, 0.03 M) and pH 6.0-8.5 (optimum, 7.0-7.5). Cells lysed in distilled water and with 0-5 % NaCl. Major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, sulfated mannosyl glycosyl diether and two unidentified glycolipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequence revealed that the two strains were most closely related to Halovivax cerinus IC35 T (95.1 and 95.2 % sequence similarities, respectively). The two strains, however, shared highest rpoB' gene sequence identities with Natrinema pellirubrum JCM 10476 T (87.8 and 87.7 % respectively). Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA and rpoB' gene sequences demonstrated a robust clade of the two strains with members of related genera of the family Natrialbaceae. The DNA G+C contents of the two strains were 64.6 and 64.4 mol%, respectively. DNA-DNA relatedness values between them were 95±2 %. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic properties suggested that the two strains YIM 93745 T and YIM 93707 represent a novel species in a new genus within the family Natrialbaceae, for which the name Saliphagus infecundisoli gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 93745 T (=KCTC 4228 T =CGMCC 1.15824 T ).

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated YIM A1135T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive and partially acid-alcohol-fast. Strain YIM A1135T shared 98.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardia jejuensis NBRC 103114T and 97.6 % with Nocardia alba YIM 30243T. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain YIM A1135T and related type strains of the genus Nocardia were less than 70 %. In addition, meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. The whole-cell sugars were fructose, mannose, galactose and glucose. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4,ω-cycl), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C18 : 0 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. Mycolic acids were present. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM A1135T was 66.7 mol%. Based on the results of the molecular studies supported by its morphological, physiological, chemotaxnomic and other differential phenotypic characteristics, strain YIM A1135T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia cavernae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM A1135T (=KCTC 39595T=CCTCC AA 2017030T).

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain R55 T , was isolated from the liverwort Herbertus sendtneri growing at Gawalong glacier, Tibet, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The major fatty acids of strain R55 T were anteiso-C 15 : 0 , C 16 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 . Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the predominant polar lipids and occurred along with two unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified aminolipid. Strain R55 T contained MK-7 as the dominant menaquinone and meso -diaminopimelic acid as the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R55 T was affiliated to species of the genus Paenibacillus , and was related most closely to Paenibacillus ferrarius CY1 T (97.1 % similarity). However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between this strain and strain R55 T was only 44.1 %. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R55 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus , for which the name Paenibacillus marchantiophytorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R55 T ( = CGMCC 1.15043 T  = DSM 29850 T ).

A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain 333-1-0411(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Namucuo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China and characterized in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. The major fatty acid components of strain 333-1-0411(T) were summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or C(16 : 1)ω6c) and C(16 : 0); its major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. Q-8 was the dominant ubiquinone, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 66.7 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 333-1-0411(T) fell within the evolutionary radiation encompassed by the genus Massilia. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain 333-1-0411(T) and recognized species of the genus Massilia ranged from 95.4 % to 97.2 %, and the most closely related strains were Massilia flava Y9(T) (97.2 %) and Massilia albidiflava 45(T) (97.0 %). However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain 333-1-0411(T) and M. flava Y9(T) and M. albidiflava 45(T) were 20.2 % and 27.2 %, respectively. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain 333-1-0411(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Massilia, for which the name Massilia namucuonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 333-1-0411(T) (= CGMCC 1.11014(T) = DSM 25159(T)).