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Evaluating first-line immuno-oncology-based treatments for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in real world clinical practice using pre-treatment G8 scores In conclusion, it has been suggested that G8 score may be a useful factor for predicting the short-term effect of IO-based first-line mRCC treatments in patients who have been judged eligible for treatment. Abbreviations & Acronyms AE adverse event BOR best of response IO immuno-oncology mRCC metastatic renal cell carcinoma ORR objective response rate OS overall survival PD progressive disease PFS progression-free survival TKI tyrosine kinase inhibitor There are multiple immuno-oncology (IO)-based treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).[[1], [3], [5]] It is no longer uncommon for elderly mRCC patients to receive systemic treatments. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: To investigate whether the result of the 1‐mg dexamethasone suppression test can predict the improvement of comorbidities after adrenalectomy in patients with subclinical Cushing syndrome. Methods: This retrospective study included 117 subclinical Cushing syndrome patients who underwent adrenalectomy. The numbers of prescribed drugs for metabolic comorbidities and the clinical variables at diagnosis were compared with those at the follow up. Patients were classified into subgroups according to the result of the 1‐mg dexamethasone suppression test. Results: Significant improvements in blood pressure, serum cholesterol and body mass index were observed. Furthermore, a significant improvement in glycated hemoglobin was observed in patients with diabetes mellitus. These improvements led to a discontinuation or reduction of prescribed drugs after surgery. In addition, the greatest reduction of prescribed drugs was observed in patients whose serum cortisol levels were between 1.8 and 3.0 µg/dL after the 1‐mg dexamethasone suppression test. Conclusions: The result of the 1‐mg dexamethasone suppression test can be a useful factor predicting the improvement of comorbidities after adrenalectomy. Current data might give us a new insight into the decision‐making for the treatment of subclinical Cushing syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To identify oncogenes regulated by micro‐ribonucleic acid, miR‐199a/b‐3p, in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Methods: Advanced ribonucleic acid sequencing technologies were applied to construct a micro‐ribonucleic acid expression signature using metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer autopsy specimens. Ectopic expression of mature micro‐ribonucleic acids or small‐interfering ribonucleic acids were applied to functional assays for cancer cell lines. Genome‐wide gene expression and in silico database analyses were carried out to predict micro‐ribonucleic acid targets. Results: Ectopic expression of miR‐199a/b inhibited cancer cell aggressiveness. The gene coding for non‐structural maintenance of chromosomes condensin I complex subunit H was directly regulated by miR‐199a/b‐3p. High expression of condensin I complex subunit H was significantly associated with poor disease‐free survival by The Cancer Genome Atlas database analysis (P < 0.0001). Overexpression of condensin I complex subunit H was detected in hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer and castration‐resistant prostate cancer specimens, and knockdown assays showed that its expression enhanced cancer cell migration and invasive abilities. Conclusions: Small ribonucleic acid sequencing of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer specimens showed the presence of several antitumor micro‐ribonucleic acids whose targets are involved in hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer and metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer pathogenesis. Condensin I complex subunit H seems to be a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for this disease. Our approach, based on the roles of anti‐tumor micro‐ribonucleic acids and their targets, will contribute to an improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer and metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To identify key oncogenes and proteins that are controlled by the microRNA miR‐29 family (miR‐29a, miR‐29b and miR‐29c) in renal cell carcinoma pathogenesis. Methods: Genome‐wide gene expression and in silico database analyses were carried out. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to investigate the clinical significance of gene expression data in renal cell carcinoma patients. Loss‐of‐function assays were applied to investigate the function of target genes. Results: We identified 47 possible target genes that might be regulated by the miR‐29 family in renal cell carcinoma cells. Among the targets of the miR‐29 family, high expression of 10 genes (ADAMTS14, TRIB13, SERPINH1, FCGR1B, COL1A1, LAIR2, WISP2, TREM1, TNKS1BP1 and GBP2) significantly predicted poor patient prognosis (P < 0.001). SERPINH1 was directly regulated by the miR‐29 family, and its overexpression was detected in renal cell carcinoma surgical specimens and tyrosine kinase inhibitor failure autopsy specimens. High expression of SERPINH1 was significantly associated with tumor stage, pathological grade and poor prognosis (P < 0.0001). Knockdown assays showed that its expression enhanced cancer cell migration and invasive abilities. Conclusions: Genes regulated by the anti‐tumor miR‐29 family are closely involved in the molecular pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma. Our approach based on anti‐tumor microRNAs might contribute to the development of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]