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The primary suspension system has a helical compression spring for axial and lateral deformation. The spring absorbs the shock at track curvature. The traditional system uses Chrome Vanadium spring materials that need to be replaced after 70-90 days. The static performance of the spring under different compressive loads is evaluated using finite element analysis. The maximum shear stress is the lowest for the 60Si2MnA material. Since the spring doesn't fail in static conditions, dynamic analysis is carried out by using finite element analysis. The results given by the FFT analyser excitation frequency and natural frequency are close to each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to design, analyse and carry out a topology optimization of a connecting rod for single cylinder four stroke petrol engines. In order to obtain a 3D CAD model from existing physical connecting rod is developed through reverse engineering. A three dimensional CAD model of a connecting rod has been created using SOLIDWORKS and it is imported to ANSYS for the coupled steady-state thermal structural analysis, to verify the design of a connecting rod before and after weight reduction. For material optimization, three different aluminium alloy materials such as ADC12, LM6 and Al 6061-T6 alloy were used. From the results obtained from coupled steady-state thermal structural analysis and topology optimization, the optimized design of a connecting rod of Al 6061-T6 alloy shows the von-mises stress of 33.17 MPa, factor of safety 8.32 and total deformation 45.023 mm as compared to other two materials. Based on the topology optimization methodology, it is noted that Al 6061- T6 connecting rod material reduced the weight up to 7.98% as compared with ADC12 without compromising the strength to weight ratio and ductility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, modeling of a lead acid battery was done by electrical equivalent circuit approach. Model based equivalent circuit approach was used to find the state of charge, terminal voltage, cell temperature and life of the battery at various temperatures. Based on complexity and accuracy, Thevinin's third order equivalent battery model was simulated using MATLAB Simulink software. The simulation results were validated with the experimental state of charge and terminal voltage values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]