Search

A normal conversation often follows a single transition in which adjacency pair demands co-related and immediate feedback. However, when this synergy is violated to some extent, it is believed that this will lead to unequal turn-taking especially in institutional dialogue. Different social settings could also allow some conversational participants to be dominant or less dominant. This study will investigate the effect of institutional role by using some of the strategy proposed by Heritage (1997). Heritage asserts that these four strategies that will be discussed in this paper namely turn-taking organization, turn design organization, sequence organization and repair organization, enables researcher to determine the institutional field or roles of any speaker in a conversation. Other factor such as lexical choices, which may likely to be associated with the speaker’s institutional representation will also be analyzed.

The paper addresses the problem of underdeveloped communication culture of social workers in Ukraine. The term of ‘social worker communication culture’ has been defined and its components have been listed. The criteria, parameters and development levels of social worker communication culture have been examined. Summative assessment has shown through the combination of quantitative and qualitative data analyses that communication culture of social workers in Ukraine should be improved urgently. The pedagogical conditions of social worker communication culture development and the suggested methodology have been substantiated and verified in a post-qualifying training. The obtained results can be of help when designing the training programmes for social workers in the Social Welfare System in Ukraine and other developing countries undergoing social and economic reforms.

The research is based on a set of scientific approaches, incorporating generative features of communicative and activity-oriented, dialogue, personality-oriented, culture-oriented, technological ones.The communication structure presented by the coherent aspects such as perceptive, communicating and interactive ones, along with the peculiarities of the process of cross-cultural communication (CCC) give grounds for defining the main components of the content of training future managers of foreign economic activity for CCC. They are motivating and orientating, conceptual and cognitive, communicating and activity-oriented. Within each component the basic criteria of evaluation of preparation of future managers of foreign economic activity for CCC are elaborated. Their availability is proved with the help of the definite indices.The conceptual and cognitive component is defined by the cognitive criterion according to which the efficiency and quality of mastered by students knowledge are assessed. The indices worked out within the cognitive criterion are knowledge quality (i.e. fullness and flexibility) and ways of acquiring new knowledge in CCC. On the base of the motivating and orientating component a subjective criterion is elaborated to evaluate the necessary professional and personal qualities of future specialists. It is represented by the indices of motivation for CCC preparation and reflexivity of communicating activity. Within the communicative and activity-oriented component an operational criterion is developed with the index of communicative skills and the index of skills to manage cross-cultural conflicts. On the base of the assessment criteria and indices the levels of future managers' preparation for CCC are differentiated into low, satisfactory, sufficient, high. The level characteristics are worked out and generalized in descriptions.

The study reveals the pedagogical conditions of training future managers of foreign economic activity for cross-cultural communication. The analysis of the scientific research in this field has shown that the essence of the pedagogical conditions has not been generalized or systemized yet. On the base of the invariable vectors of the pedagogical process, the pedagogical conditions of training future managers of foreign economic activity for cross-cultural communication are outlined. They are: creating multicultural surrounding in the process of training managers for gaining experience in cross-cultural communication (organization); adaptive gradual management of the educational activity with due regards for personal, professional, communicative qualities of future managers of foreign economic activity (management); subject and subject interaction, directed at the optimal management of cross-cultural conflicts (communication).

This study seeks to investigate the ways in which the speech act of disagreement is expressed by young male and female Persian speakers. To collect the data 100 participants (50 males, 50 females) were selected randomly from among undergraduate and graduate students of University of Isfahan and Islamic Azad University (Najafabad branch). The focus of this study was on the role that gender and power might play in the employment of strategies to mitigate the threat of disagreement. Students were asked to complete a discourse completion test (DCT) designed by the researcher. They were supposed to read nine suggestions situations, and react to them via making disagreements. Respondents were expected to disagree with three interlocutors with higher status, three peers and three with lower status. In order to analyze the utterances of disagreement, Muntigl and Turnbull’s taxonomy (1998) was employed. The results revealed that although both males and females were concerned about the power status of interlocutors and try to apply the appropriate strategies while expressing their disagreements, females were more cautious and used different strategies from those of males.

Objective: The purpose of this study was assessment of the human communication indexes between employees branches of Social Security Organization (SSO) of Tehran. Method: The method used in this study, the survey method is most common in quantitative research. The sample size was calculated based on Morgan 271 were randomly selected based on these numbers. This study was conducted to collect data and information from the questionnaire were used. Questionnaire consisted of 32 questions of human relations which 5 first question demographic questionnaire and subjects such as sex, education, work experience, marital status and age were included in the study, as well as other questions samples to determine the basis of human relations based on the five choice Likert scale (always, often, sometimes, rarely, never) was designed. In this project, SPSS software was used to analysis the data. Findings: The results showed that the level of communication skills of staff from the employees' point of view is evaluated desirable (p0.05). Thus, no significant correlation between duration of working on their score is an index of human communications staff. Staff's view about the employees in the organization about human relationships in terms of a significant relationship between marital statuses (p>0.05) of employees and their score to human communications index of staff. However, 35% of married people and 19% of single people evaluated communication skills of personnel, appropriate. Thus, there is no significant correlation between duration of working and their score to staff index of human communications (p>0.05). Positive correlation means that with increasing age, a higher score on the index of human communications staff are employees and age, people are more important than communication skills. Positive correlation means that with increasing age, employees have higher scores on the index of human communications and aging causes people to care more about communication skills.

“Next Flood Level of Communication: Social Networks” (2013) published by Shaker Verlag, by Professor Ştefan Vlăduţescu from University of Craiova and Professor Ella Magdalena Ciuperca from National Academy of Intelligence “Mihai Viteazul” Bucuresti, is a book of intellectual elevation and high expression of ideas. The authors’ hypothesis and the nuclear idea of their book is that by their amplitude, by their performance, and by their self-generating, self-organization and self-improvement capabilities, social networks are the next flood level of communication. “The observational-wave of hypothesis is reinforced by an interrogative wave: what is next after next? If "End of Metaphysics" in Martin Heidegger is perfection of metaphysics, if the "End of History" in Francis Fukuyama is perfection of history, we believe that "next flood level" is neither the last level, nor the perfect level of communication” asserts the authors. Social network is not quite the perfection it is only the configured direction to untouchable perfection. Social network is the path to perfection in constant concern itself, in self-knowledge, and in self-superior capitalization of humanity as a whole, of humanity as a global, integrated and homogeneous and with obvious nuclei of heterogeneity macro-social network. However, next of the next is something, at the same time apparent and hidden, from the actual potential of the current concrete. The future always has its seeds in the past and the present.