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This paper attempts to analyze the system and the behavior of all actors in the field of competition by determining and then analyzed its composition, degree of concentration of businesses in the same activities, bringing them about pricing, bringing them to customer, the number of businesses participating in the market, types of products or services they offer, and many other factors in order to assess the level of competition between businesses in different areas so all this with the purpose of implementation of the right to competition the right of free feature of this paper. The paper deals with the manner and the role that is about competition in a market economy either as a whole or in any segment of the particular economic and regulatory instruments of surveillance and their role not only in the operation and the way their system but also competition effective. Despite the complexity of this field KCA tends to affect the overall development of the market in order to increase the level of competition and possibly identify problems or areas where effective competition can be impeded in the relevant markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers technical approaches of business rationalization of model of anti-crisis management as purposeful system aimed at detection and prevention of crisis situations, determination of paths of effective economic development of social and economic systems based on priority of internal environment factors changing under the influence of external conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is linked to are search project that takes into account the Southern Italian landowning class from the eighteenth to the twentieth century and the process of development of the Italian Mezzogiorno, with particular reference to the influence of institutional and economic change on liberal Italy. We focus on the analysis of the life and the career of a southern Italian banker, Quinto Quintieri, whose family’s background and fortunes were entirely rooted in the latifundia who, in November 1944, was sent to Washington on an important diplomatic mission. This demonstrate how the effects of the governmental economic policies,which profoundly marked the progress of the economic system in Southern Italy, affected the economy of the agrarian classes that reacted flexibly to institutional and economic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the concept of the information as one of properties of the objective reality when it acts as a weightless means of production in the creation of which only a person takes part, his mind ability to the abstract thinking. The purpose of getting this intellectual product with specified set consumer properties set in advance is achievement maximum use which in applied, qualitatively other kind may be used or transferred to other economic agents for pay. That is, the information is perceived not in itself as a certain idea or system of the data, and the information is considered as an economic resource (commodity) which is necessary for consuming in the course of economic activities for the purpose of obtaining of certain useful effect. The authors formulate the concept of information properties as an economic resource because in the economic literature there is no such standard determination. They prove that the information specified in a similar way possesses a number of the important properties, distinguishing it from other economic resources. The non-observance of the law of supply and demand is believed to be the main difference of the information from other economic resources and the information cost is not connected directly with its quantity. But it noted that dependence of cost of the information on the definite moment of its usage and the period of its life is high. The information is the social wealth in scientific sphere of creation of new scientific knowledge and anybody can use it free of charge. The information creation costs much, until it is inaccessible to the third parties, otherwise it depreciates. For this reason methods of representation of the information, its forms and reliability in many respects determine quality of the information for the consumer, providing essential growth of the final results of economic activities. The person always acts as a means of production for it and the capital in this case can be used only as the auxiliary tool. The consumer informative value depends on time of its presentation greatly because lack of time for its processing by managers results in the wrong decisions. It is underlined that studying of processes of the organization and information processing in economic systems is necessary for carrying out from the point of view of the theory of self-organizing systems, instead of that of classical economy. The authors see the special role of information as an economic resource at its transfer to applied consumption where the labour productivity connected with quantity of the produced product will be no longer be the main criterion but a certain criterion of quality of processing of the information used at different stages of workflow. In conclusion the paper that the comprehensive development of production of goods is possible provided that rates of development of technique surpass rate of development of production of material benefits, and accordingly information technology develops faster, than its technique does. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current environment, the economic clusterization, which contributes to closer interrelations between the businesses operating within this system and promotes development of the involved regions, represents one of the key factors relating to competitive ability improvement of the active businesses. Identification and assessment of regional clusters is actually regarded as an insufficiently studied issue, which fact, first of all, is linked to complexity of the region as an economic system on the whole having rather a diversified profile. This paper deals with a study of theoretical and methodological aspects pertaining to formation of clusters in the industrial sector of the region. The methodological approach as devised by the authors of the present paper is based upon determination of localization coefficients, per capita production in the relevant sector, region's specialization in manufacturing of products falling within the scope of a specific industrial sector, and integral index of clusterization potential. As a result of the calculations, several industrial sectors were identified that displayed the highest degree of clusterization reasonability, in particular, chemical, petrochemical and fuel industries. Formation and development of a petrochemical cluster, in opinion of the authors, eventually will result in scoring a number of advantages for the regional economics, including new job formation, manufacturing new product lines, development of region infrastructure, upgrading the research and technology along with increasing the degree of their implementation efficiency etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic activity through its correlative system is under the direct influence of human capital as a determinant. Tourism as an economic activity has great potential for transformation. This potential is due to the upward trend, together with other economic activities, to the attention of the specialists, who are dealing with the irreparable destruction of the environment. In this sense, tourism and the environment have been a matter of discussion for the scientists of the past two decades, which led to the formulation of the concept of sustainable tourism. Tourism activity, through its complexity, has a major impact on the environment, due to the impact it has generates human capital, both from the point of view of the tourist and the tourist worker. Ecoinnovation represents a viable solution for the sustainability problems facing the contemporary society. The aim of the paper is to achieve a research on human capital capacity within the tourism company by generating innovative ideas to support the realization of a balance between the dynamics of economic systems and eco-systems from the South-East region of Romania. The actual stage of the innovative capacity of human capital within the tourism sector is determined through the use of five factors determining the innovative capacity. The results are based on descriptive statistics. The results indicate that the staff involved in the guest house activity together with the managers have the innovative capacity for sustainable tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the problems of formation and modeling of spatial industry economic systems, which are a subclass of integrated economic systems. It is shown that new types of cluster associations are being formed that integrate their interests, assets, resources for joint operation within particular economic space. The synthesis of several stably interacting clusters forms a new class of clusters that has its own peculiarities. The new class of clusters is named in the article as cluster systems. The article states that a spatial industry economic system is a cluster-corporate system in the form of a set of sectoral corporations that have economic strategic interests in one or more clusters. The formation of the sustainable development policy for such systems is quite a challenge. For sustainable development it is necessary to form a model of the cluster system and determine the structure and conditions for the existence of a sustainable and balanced development policy. It is demonstrated how a structural model of spatial industry economic systems is constructed and the vector of the development policy is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the reasons for the low effectiveness of management activities. The fact that the poor quality of management training is not always the most urgent problem is determined. The reason for this situation is in the practiced management concept: it is necessary to develop new principles for management systems development. The management system itself determines the ways to achieve the determined goals, develops a specific program of actions. The paper analyzes modern transformational trends in management of social and economic systems. On the basis of the conceptual analysis of the management systems the authors prove the effectiveness of the process-oriented paradigm application for the organizational capacity development. The basic postulates of the administrative paradigm are defined and formed. The principle of a new management paradigm is of a great importance for understanding the concept of strategic management developed on the basis of systemic and situational approaches. Ignoring the principles of the new management paradigm will lead to a significant discrepancy between the planned and obtained results. It is noted that these principles are especially important for understanding the concept of strategic management. The investigation approaches to the adaptive capacities of organizations through the regulation of internal controlled parameters are considered. The logic of the regulated and self-regulating management systems development that adapts the organization to changes in the external environment is proposed. The authors take into account the principles of system development and system adaptation. The principles of systemic nature suppose the consideration of modern organization as a social and economic system possessing some specific features peculiar only to it. The paper defines the development law referred to the objective laws of the organization. Its implementation depends on the orders of the organization and its personnel. There are three options for this law: spontaneous, authoritarian, purposeful development. The processing of the operating descriptions of the organization is given as a transformation methodology from the traditional (functional) organization into the organization corresponded to the market requirements. In this case any organization is viewed as a "black box" for modeling a management system based on a business process. It is possible to draw conclusions, develop a project for organizational development, determine the goals of the organization, and balance them among themselves on the basis of similar models. In this case a manager can make rational strategic decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the developed and successfully tested structured approach to the analysis of sustainable development of the country and its regions. The article shows that the most important element of sustainable management of the country and its regions is organization of effective monitoring. The article defines the objectives, principles and monitoring functions. It describes in detail the monitoring algorithm. It includes problems, choice of system of indicators, support of their thresholds, processing unstructured data, converting raw data into indicators, processing and visualization of transformed information, ranking risk areas of indicators, normalization of indicators, aggregation of information (synthesis of generalized indexes on various areas of sustainable development), analysis and forecasting, study of fine structure of the system of sustainable development. The proposed approach makes it possible not only to analyze and predict parameters of sustainable development in the region, but also to obtain a structured picture according to administrative-territorial features, explore differentiation of regions by selected indicators of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work demonstrates the method of calculation of generalized economic indicators. The first step is to make functional transformation of the original socioeconomic indicators to dimensionless form that is necessary for their joint analysis. After functional conversion indicators become dimensionless and vary in the same range which makes it possible to analyze them on a graph. The paper presents the main options of functional changes that are based on using various linear and nonlinear functions. Using nonlinear functions provides an opportunity to increase the dynamic range of imaging results. It is shown that the function must be selected individually for each indicator for converting the economic system. The next step of the proposed method is aggregation of information. This stage is one of the approaches to evaluation of socio-economic systems. The composite indexes are calculated, on their basis separate components of socio-economic system and the system as a whole can be seen. Different approaches to formation of generalized indexes based on the concepts of "weak" and "strong" sustainability are presented. The article describes the various options for formation of the scale of weights in aggregating information into composite index. In particular, there is an adaptive approach based on assumption that the farther away the indicator is from its threshold or reference level, the more weight it has in the system. It has been shown that over time the weight of the indicators may vary. In the extreme case "rotation" of indicators is possible (substitution of one for another, deletion or addition of indicators). Indicators should be regarded as the most important when they are farthest from the threshold. The method of calculation of generalized indexes can be used to analyze the socio-economic systems of various levels (country, region, company, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative development of regional economic systems involves clustering of the economy, creation of points of growth within separate territorial units, and formation of innovative infrastructure elements. Today many countries witness a substantial gap in the chain of creation and commercialization of innovations. On the one hand, the research and development sector being low-oriented to the economic needs suffers production and financial constraints hindering independent implementation of innovations and bringing them to the market. On the other hand, the manufacturing industry is in possession of unutilized production capacities, however, it demonstrates reluctance to invest in such innovations that have not been commercially proven in the market. As a result, there is still a certain gap between potential members of an innovative cluster. Insufficient cooperation among R&D organizations or institutes and enterprises in terms of development of innovations, as well as lack of experience in the hi-tech commercialization are the stones of stumbling on the way to establishment of innovative clusters. This is precisely why forming of an innovative infrastructure in the region is a significant issue preventing competitive clusters from growth. As a way to seek a solution, this paper covers a study of theoretical and methodological aspects of formation and development of innovative infrastructure within a regional cluster. Overarching challenges are highlighted, general properties and basic features of innovative infrastructure are defined, possible methods of evaluation of infrastructure development are reviewed. Furthermore, a new approach to working out a structure of cluster is offered, which is based on identification of external and internal elements of the cluster's infrastructure. Appropriateness of value added index application is substantiated from the point of view of evaluation of the regional cluster innovative development efficiency, inclusive of all members of the cluster. It is demonstrated that intensification of innovative activities is a key factor to catalyze a value added increase at the enterprises making part of the infrastructure along with strengthening a competitive ability of the regional cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we highlight the problem of determining the optimal level of investments directed into the science and education field at the ratio required to ensure the sustainable development of regional economic systems. The main attention is paid to the analysis of financial flows in the Russian economy, aimed at the research and development (R&D). In our work we identified and explained the dynamics of investment flows in R&D and highlighted the main causes of the financial flows variable dynamics directed to the high-tech industry. Over the past decade, Russia has been reduced the number of personnel engaged in scientific fields. At the same time an increase of investment flows in the high-tech industry occurred. To adjust and increase the impact of investment flows science-based projections are required. To solve this problem we developed an proportional growth model in which the dynamics of capital and labour meets the proportionality conditions. Proportionality conditions of economic growth in this model are obtained by solving the output maximization problem under fixed costs at each time period. Investments directed into labour resources serve as control parameters and are intended to maintain the balanced development of economic systems. In this paper, we define the proportion between capital and labour resources and combine them through the price formation mechanism. The price formation mechanism is described by a combination of Cournot duopoly model and the Cobb-Douglas production function. Solutions of the first level of optimization are aggregated in proportion to the overall cost of labour and then transferred to the upper level of optimization. The model is resulted in the system of nonlinear differential equations whose stationary points generate the steady state of the economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of efficient innovative economy is an alternative to resource approach and a strategic condition for regional development. A number of factors have impact on innovative development of social and economic system of a region. These include socio-economic conditions of the region, innovation and management capacity and human capital availability. Innovative activity, legal framework, innovative infrastructure are identified as the main directions of process of realization of innovative policy of social and economic system of the region. The purpose of the paper is to investigate factors of innovative development of the socio-economic system of the region and offer the directions of their improvement. Research problem solution was achieved by analyzing the main directions of economic innovative development. The methodological base of research includes the abstractlogical method and a method of the comparative analysis, which allow estimating development of innovative capacity of the region and indicators of its realization. The model of system for innovative management of the socio-economic system of the region and the mechanism of its functioning on the example of an index of innovative development of the region was presented. The results of innovative policy on the example of the Penza region and indicators of efficiency of its realization proved high efficiency of the presented model for the system of innovative management of the socio-economic system of the Penza region. The regional place in a rating of innovative activity of subjects of Russia was identified. The priority directions of development of innovative activity in the region are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sense, role and some types of crises in social and economic systems is shown in this paper. The comparative analysis of concept and a role of crisis in economic systems from the point of view of the standard economic theory (classical and Keynesian approaches, dynamic models, etc.) and concept of crises in social and economic systems from the point of view of the theory of self-organization are carried out. The difference of concepts of sustainability of system in the specified theories is also shown. Showing that in the existing economic theory crisis is considered as the undesirable phenomenon and, therefore, the primary method of work in this direction are attempts to prevent or suppress crisis. In the theory of self-organization crisis is considered necessary and an unavoidable stage of development of open system. Therefore some of the development trends of the social and economic policy should be: taking the necessity of crisis into account; preparation of the system to the crisis; moving social and economic processes into necessity direction during manifested crisis. The social and economic crises which became frequent recently convincingly testify to need to change of methodological approaches for the analysis of behavior of social and economic systems. New approaches have to consider not only the current stage of development of the system and consider it in dynamics, but also consider structure of the system, and also structure of the processes proceeding in it. The main results of presented research can be useful in further developments of researches in the field of the self-organizing systems, and also to development of some directions of social and economic policy of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper suggests and tests the methodology for quantitative evaluation of sustainability of a regional socio-economic system development. More precise attention is paid to the role that ICT and innovation dynamic factors play in the process of regional development. The research hypothesis: there is a significant probability of the Russian regional economic systems' shift to the knowledge-based economy mode, that stands on several social development determinants, mainly human capital and innovation. The task of quantitative valuation of sustainability is proposed to be resolved using the calculation of generalized integral index entailing the following components: 1) economic relations; 2) social situation; 3) institutional environment; 4) potential for innovation. The index structure was adopted from UNDP HDI calculation frameworks. Basic indicators' selection procedure, subject to integration within the generalized sustainability index, employed internationally recognized practices and multifactor regression analysis techniques that allow to determine correlations between factors that influence HDI as well as to derive quantitative measures of their interrelation density. The methodology was applied to the Russian regions' sustainability valuation and key factors identification in terms of regional development in Russia. The analysis of sustainability indices indicates that the majority of Russian regions cannot be recognized as sustainable. Calculations prove the conclusion about low interrelation between innovation dynamics and economic development in Russia, thus indicating the misbalance between demand and supply-side factors of innovation in favor of the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the numerous classifications of economic systems, one of the most common classifications is based on the choice of an approach to managing and regulating the behavior of economic entities. As it is commonly believed, this approach can be based on economic and non-economic criteria for decision-making. In the latter case, they speak of the traditional model of the economy, which in modern conditions (from the standpoint of technocratic analysis) is considered to be backward and inefficient. Indeed, the standard of living of the population in conditions of domination of the traditional model is very low. This model was typical for ancient civilizations (and even the pre-civilization period of the development of mankind), but today it is found in pure form only in the isolated tribes of Africa, Asia, Latin America and Oceania. If management decisions are made on the basis of economic criteria, this process can be carried out in two ways: centrally and de-centrally. In the first case, they talk about the planned model of the economy, in the second case, they talk about the market model. At present, both in Russia and in the world there is an objective tendency to strengthen the role of the planned beginning in the economy. In this regard, active state economic policy becomes a key tool for the development of the economy of the Russian Federation. The rationale and conduct of activities within the framework of state economic policy is carried out with the direct participation of a wide range of public authorities. This requires coordination and coordination of their actions and decisions. The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical and methodological provisions and develop practical recommendations on the use of methods of strategic and indicative planning to ensure the effectiveness of the implementation of state economic policy. The research was carried out using deductive and inductive approaches, using comparative and structural-logical analysis methods, which is confirmed by the presented analytical tables and graphs. As a result of the conducted research, the authors substantiated the possibilities of implementing the tools used in strategic and indicative planning during the implementation of the state economic policy and proposed an algorithm for incorporating this tool into the government. The results of scientific research are brought to the level of practical conclusions, regulations and recommendations that can be used in the legislative and practical economic activities of public authorities in implementing state economic policies to achieve the goals of socio-economic development in the medium and long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With this article attempts to determine the impact of instruments reflecting regional differences between individual spatially limited territories. The assessment of the influence of instruments measuring socio-economic development is one of the main reasons for optimizing the process of introducing policies for better governance in administrative territorial units. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of the instruments which reflectings the effectiveness of the policies undertaken for the management and development of the differents region. In order to achieve a positive result on the socio-economic development of the individual territorial units, it is necessary to carry out a coordinated, standardized and practical development in the territory's management, which will, on the one hand, create the opportunity for releasing valuable resources such as time, people and finances and on the other hand, will create an opportunity to improve the administrative service of the population and the business. The survey will cover the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) measured by the Online Service Index (OSI), the Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (TII) and the Human Capital Index (HCI). In addition to the above indices, we will also refer to the logistics development index and the Active Aging Index (AAI), especially considering the negative demographic trends linked to the continuation of the aging process across Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents forecasting methods of economic dynamics developed by the authors. The first model is based on the mechanism of adaptive filtering of timing series. This article demonstrates prediction filters that can be effectively used in monitoring of economic systems. Their approbation was carried out on the basis of data provided by the local office of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The quantitative information was insufficient to reveal a significant statistical advantage of any of the adaptive methods. However, we managed to create a quite simple and efficient class of prediction filters. The second model is based on an analysis of the dynamics of the socioeconomic systems using the systems of differential equations. We proposed an adaptive algorithm for identifying the parameters of a system of differential equations describing the dynamics of generalized indicators of the system of sustainable development of the Nizhny Novgorod region. We set up a system of ordinary differential equations, describing the joint dynamics of the integral indicators of the socio-economic system. The proposed forecasting models describe the changing trends of the socioeconomic systems development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective of this research is the finding of the reasons of the economic, political, social and other public crises which became frequent for the last century and happening in various countries, the finding of possible ways of elimination of these reasons. According to the theory of the self-organizing systems, each of these crises separately is manifestation of failures of the existing relationship between people and of the associations of people. But the observed reproduction and combination of crises in all directions of interaction of people - economic, political, social, religious, etc. - is not a disease of communications, but a disease of system-forming units - people. As socioeconomic structures are only reflection, a mirror of worldview which dominates in society, the repeating failures of functioning of this system of communications (crises) show that the existing worldview cannot adequately reflect knowledge, experience and expectations of people which are saved up at the moment any more. Therefore, development of worldview, new, more adequate for today's time has to become the main direction of overcoming crises of social and economic systems, and acceptance its majority of backbone units - people, but not just the advanced figures of mankind (scientific, public figures, religious figures, politicians and other figures which influence minds of people). Besides, it is necessary that these changes of worldview took root into all spheres of action of society - from moral-ethical to legislative as only total distribution of new worldview will really allow to reform the systems of communications which have become outdated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes classification approach to the analysis and the typology of socio-economic development strategies of municipal regions, which was used in solving practical problems during elaborating municipal regions strategies of the Tatarstan Republic in 2016. This approach is based on machine learning techniques and allows making both quantitative and qualitative assessment of main characteristic features of municipal strategies system of the Tatarstan. This system was developed in the middle of 2016, approved by regional government and accepted for municipal authorities' execution. The article presents the results of clustering and grouping of municipal regions' strategies produced by the analytical output of several clustering methods, including kmeans and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (complete link method, pairgroup method using arithmetic averages and Ward methods). Three sections of municipal strategies, which included near 40 indicators, were analyzed. Three objectively existing types of strategies on “Structure” section, and 2 - on “Problems” and “Mechanism” were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the research results of the network project on "Cross-border clustering in the dynamics of economic and residential systems of coastal areas of European Russia" implemented by the scholars of four leading universities of Russia with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation. The study is focused on geospatial identification, socio-economic parameterization and structuring of the coastal zone of Russia. The detailed characteristics of its most important segments - the Baltic and the Black Sea-Azov coastal zones, are given. The main factors of formation of the long-term, permanent and tactical (i.e. associated with the crisis processes and changes in the geopolitical and geo-economic situation) cross-border clusters in the coastal areas of Russia are analyzed. An inventory of the most important cross-border clusters, localized in the Kaliningrad, Leningrad, Rostov and Krasnodar regions is carried out. Their impact on the regional economy and the dynamics of the settlement system is evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Slovak economic model has been for the time being considered a success, most notably based on the high rates of growth that the economy has retained for an extended period of time. The institutional development of the economic system gravitated strongly towards the liberal model limiting further the state role in the economy, minimizing share of government employees, decreasing total tax revenues and total expenditures and departing far from the alternative Swedish model. Liberalization of trade has been a global trend on which the Slovak republic fully participated. Similar trend has been liberalization of the financial sector. Some characteristics of the Slovak model though need further examination such as weak ability of the state to secure and enforce property rights and a high level of corruption staying long-term well above the levels in developed counties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific article is devoted to the study of peculiarities of clusters investment that currently exist and are forming at the moment. The purpose of this work is studying of the mechanism of directions and redistribution of investment in clusters to encourage innovations in regional economic system. Theoretical and empirical research methods are used in this research, as well as a literature review and economic effectiveness indicators of innovative clusters. Article contains a study of the approaches to assessing the degree of clustering regions depending on the level of investment, also assesses the potential of industry clusters in the regions based on the comparison of investment in the industry. In this article are shown the features of the development of clusters and their impact on the efficiency of the main indicators of regional economy are shown which would solve the problems of strategic development of the region and, as a consequence, will ensure greater adaptability of the region development strategy in a dynamic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]