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Consumers increasingly use social media for a variety of consumption-related tasks such as complaining about a brand or sharing purchase experiences. Social media growth represents an opportunity for business based on information sharing, but also complicates the work of marketing managers who need to be ready to deal with current issues in this field. In recent years, conventional means of communication have become increasingly ineffective, and have begun to give way to more innovative communication tools due, to a great extent, to the enormous strides in information technologies (IT). With the growth of the Internet, electronic peer-to-peer communication has become a major phenomenon and clients have more power than ever before. The aim of the paper is to specify the advantages and disadvantages of marketing on social media in the context of customer activity. The most important social media on the European corporate market will be specified, as well as the main marketing tools of companies. To achieve the goal, the method of literary research of available scientific publications in the Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus database for the period 2010-2017 is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decision-making about new products is crucial for the growth and prosperity of any company, especially in the rapidly changing medical device market. In recent years the issue of evaluation of investment effectiveness into medical devices has been intensively solved both at private and national level. The most common methods can be divided into three groups: 1. strategic and financial valuation of projects (e.g., NPV, IRR, DCF), 2. weighting and scoring of products and product criteria (e.g., analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and conjoint analysis), 3. human decision-making (fuzzy logic, actuarial models, neural networks, technology road mapping and expert systems). The aim of the paper is to propose the most appropriate method in European market with respect to selected criteria such as: Use of the medical device is prospective in relation to the expected number of patients and type of illness; development and production of a certain type of medical device in relation to a concrete group of diseases generate profit; the medical device will save the costs of treatment or formal (informal) care; the new medical device is of higher benefit to the patient than currently used technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge management has been from its inception integrally connected with information technology. Information technology utilized knowledge management changed as well as the development of information technologies themselves. Use the appropriate organizational structure and modern information technology knowledge can be used to solve problems regardless of time and place. The basic prerequisite for meaningful use of knowledge management in the way of success of the organization is the possibility of exchanging knowledge between its members and continuously expand the knowledge base. A typical characteristic of knowledge management is to store data and information. Case studies will deal with comparison of personal management within the four Czech national parks. The introduction of knowledge and quality of personal management has a positive impact in various areas of development of each institution. One of the most important factors in any comfortable working environment is the satisfaction of all employees is that management has a clear vision of the future direction of the company or institution. They are produced by teams of experts from many different industries; their view of the information was the most diverse. The fact that users are involved in the creation of an information system, to acquire its content some significant degree of confidence. Knowledge management is indeed inseparably linked with information technology, but the key word here is always man as such, because without it there would be no transfer of knowledge to avoid. It is up to management companies and various institutions that may use knowledge management to streamline their results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main focus of the article is research and comparison of theoretical findings in the field of knowledge management in general. I also want to pay more attention to and deal with the applicability of knowledge management in everyday practice, therefore, the public. I believe that it is necessary to discuss the main reasons for the need of knowledge management in contemporary society. My own contribution would be then a case study of the basic steps in the implementation of knowledge management - contributory, departmental organization of the Ministry of the Environment Administration of National Park. Legislation of the protection of the Šumava National Park is based on Law no. 114/1992 Coll., On Nature and Landscape Protection, Government Decree 163/1991 Coll. dated March 20, 1991, establishing the Šumava National Park and provides conditions for its protection, the proceeds of the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Socialist Republic ref. 5954/75 of 17 March 1975 on the new legislation protected area of "Forest", MoE Decree 422/2001 defining the nature protection zone PLA, Ministry of the Environment Decree 395/1992 Coll. A further according to Act No. 100/2001 Coll., On assessment of impacts on the influence to environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation in one of the important strategic instruments for obtaining feedback and testifying to the functionality of the management of research and development (R & D) system. Based on the evaluation results the top leaders generally make decisions and then allocate and redirect funds to support public research in educational institutions. This is primarily the so-called first and second role of universities, namely education, research and development. The intentions of science policy, proposals for priority research directions, reforms of the R & D system and the reorganization of educational institutions are subsequently based on the obtained analytical findings and outputs in the research evaluation. But this study deals with the evaluation of the so-called third role of universities in the Czech Republic, cooperation with the region, foreign countries and industry and it is related to the creation of technology transfer offices. At the same time it provides a brief summary of the development of technology transfer in the world and in the Czech Republic and an overview of the creation of these offices at Czech universities or academic or research institutions. The analysis showed that the studied issue has become an important and necessary part of individual research institutions and contributes significantly to increasing competitiveness. In today's world it is becoming increasingly important to protect intellectual property, its commercialization and the application of these results in the context of improving the competitiveness of individual states. In the individual facilities of university environment it is needed to prepare the conditions for increasing motivation of research teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation is one of the important strategic instruments for obtaining feedback and testifying to the functionality of the management system of research and development (R&D). Based on evaluation results, top representatives generally make decisions and then allocate and redirect funds to support public research in educational institutions. The intentions of science policy, proposals for priority directions of research, reform of the system of R&D and the reorganization of educational institutions are subsequently based on the obtained analytical findings and outcomes of the evaluation. This study deals with the evaluation of the results of research and development (R&D) in selected Portuguese-speaking countries, namely the evaluation of universities as one of the public sector entities. This study includes the assessment of evaluation schemes, according to which originators and other redistribution within those universities are rewarded on the basis of profits from sales of R&D. In conclusion, these evaluations are then compared and confronted with the current evaluation in selected Czech universities. The author analyzed a series of documents discussing the evaluation of R&D in the Czech Republic and Portuguese-speaking countries, and internal documents and measures of individual universities in the Czech Republic and Portuguese-speaking universities relating to the protection and management of intellectual property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]