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To identify novel tumor-specific features of ossification by using multispectral imaging (MSI) in patients diagnosed with choroidal osteoma. Six eyes of 5 patients previously diagnosed with choroidal osteoma by ocular ultrasonography and orbital computerized tomography were observed with multispectral imaging (MSI). Traditional multimodal imaging, including color fundus photograph (CFP) and enhanced depth-imaging-optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), indocyanine green angiography/fundus fluorescein angiography (ICGA/FFA), was performed. Osseous features detected by MSI such as calcification and decalcification were characterized and compared with other imaging modalities. In all 3 eyes with calcified choroidal osteoma (100%), MSI featured by the homogeneous reflectance in 550 nm but the beehive appearance in 600–680 nm and homogenous hyper-reflectance in 780–850 nm’, indicating the compact bone in the outer layers and bone trabecula in the middle layer (Sandwich sign). The pigmentary change showed high agreement between MSI and FAF. In other 3 eyes with extensive decalcification, MSI was able to differentiate the inactive portion of the osteoma from the decalcified area. The inactive portion was characterized by geographic hyper-reflective islands with higher reflectivity border (floating island sign). Decalcified portion was featured by increased definition and reflectivity from osteoma. Partial decalcification and total decalcification can be differentiated in one decalcifying eye (33.3%). MSI revealed better the presence and border of the osteoma compared with FFA, FAF and MC (100%) in all six eyes in our study. MSI presented characteristic osseous-related features of choroidal osteoma, providing clear evidence for differentiating osteoblastic and osteoclastic regions and noncalcifying regions. It can contribute to en-face visualization of choroidal osteomas at different stages, providing new insight into the spectrum behavior of CO.

Purpose Choroidal osteoma (CO) frequently leads to progressive visual loss due to complications of secondary choroidal neovascularization (CNV).We report herein the function of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in observation of CO complicating CNV. Methods A 25-year-old female presented to our hospital with chief complaint of sudden unilateral visual acuity decrease for one week, with metamorphopsia in the left eye. Her best corrected visual acuity was 0.12 in the left eye. Then complete ophthalmological examinations including fundus photography, B-scan ultrasound, fundus fluorescent angiography, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed. She was diagnosed as CO on the basis of these results. But the diagnosis could not explain the sudden visual loss and submacular hyperreflective lesion by SD-OCT. Furthermore, she underwent OCTA and indocyanine green angiography. Results A diagnosis of classic juxtafoveal CNV secondary to CO was made eventually. Then she was treated with an intravitreous injection of ranibizumab twice. The visual acuity got better and better during the treatment, and the efficacy was stable, giving rise to both subjective and anatomic improvement. Conclusions Optical coherence tomography angiography has the advantage of varying the segmentation and scrolling through the different retinal layers, and layer-specific observation of blood flow in each layer. In addition, OCTA can measure the vessel area change of CNV and provide a better appreciation of CNV, observing the efficacy more elaboratively and quantizedly. OCTA makes promising noninvasive identification of the CO-related CNV.

In the original publication, the order of authors has been published incorrectly. The correct order of authors is updated in this correction.

To describe co-occurrence of choroidal osteoma in a patient with pattern dystrophy of retinal pigment epithelium.Clinical case report RESULTS: A young female presented with decreased vision in the right eye due to decalcification of choroidal osteoma. Multimodal imaging including fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography showed features of pattern dystrophy of retinal pigment epithelium that simulates the Stargardt disease.This co-occurrence of choroidal osteoma and pattern dystrophy is likely to be incidental. Multimodal imaging may help in differentiating pattern dystrophy of retinal pigment epithelium that simulates Stargardt disease from Stargardt disease.

A rare benign tumor, choroidal osteoma with accompanying choroidal neovascularization treated with laser photocoagulation is reported. Limited decalcification was noted at the borders of laser photocoagulation.

The clinical and laboratory findings in fifteen patients with nineteen eyes containing choroidal osteomas are summarized. The first case of the disease in a male patient is reported as well as the development of a second tumor in the previously uninvolved eye of an adult patient and the marked enlargement of the tumor in another. The possible etiology of the choroidal osteomas is discussed.