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Bioabsorption of synthetic apatite compounds used to promote bone healing and remodeling has been difficult to evaluate. In this study, solid-state phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been used to characterize and quantitate bone mineral and a synthetic apatite in order to establish a model for bioabsorption studies. Pulverized solid samples of cortical rabbit bone and a synthetic fluoridated apatite were examined in vitro at variable degrees of hydration. A 9.4 T superconducting spectrometer was used to obtain 31P magic angle spinning NMR spectra and T1 relaxation times. Quantitation was attempted in mixed samples using T1 recovery data. Bone mineral and synthetic apatite could be distinguished by chemical shift and T1 relaxation time in variable hydration states, and were readily differentiated in mixtures by their T1 relaxation time. NMR estimates of relative proportions of components in mixed samples were accurate within 2% of evaluations based on weight. Solid-state 31P NMR therefore provides a suitable method for monitoring the bioabsorption of synthetic apatites.