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Background: The present study aimed to determine the mean blood glucose during the first 24 h post-surgery and its relation with the source of calorie intake.Methods: The data of the current observational retrospective study was collected from hospital medical records. A total of 45 neonates suffering from atresia in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, who were candidates for open abdominal surgery from September to October 2016 were selected. Blood glucose within 24 h after the surgery were taken four times using a glucometer. Moreover, the mean blood glucose during this period was calculated. Independent Student's t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression model were performed to assess the association of post-operative blood glucose with calorie and macronutrient intakes.Results: In one third of neonates, the mean blood glucose of the samples during the first day after the surgery was ≥180 mg/dl and the rest of them had mean blood glucose of 40-179 mg/dl. There was a significant relationship between blood glucose BG≥180 mg/dl and calorie (P=0.001), macronutrient (carbohydrate (PConclusion: The present study revealed that there was a significant relationship between mean blood glucose during the first 24 h after the surgery and intake of macronutrients (carbohydrate and fat).

Background: Hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICU).Herein, we aimed to investigate the relationship of hyperglycemia duration with mortality and ventilator dependence in infants admitted to NICU.Methods: In this original retrospective study, data was collected between October 2015 and December 2015 from NICU of Dr. Sheikh Children’s Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. The studied samples (n=112) were 0-3 month old infants who were admitted to this hospital and were followed up until discharge. Information related to blood sugar was collected based on the samples routinely taken using a glucometer every six hours and were recorded in each patient's blood sugar chart.Results: Of the subjects, 46.4% (n=52) had blood sugar ≥ 126 mg/dl and 53.6% (n=60) had blood sugar ≤ 40-125mg/dl. Mann-Whitney and logistic regression tests were used to analyze the data. In this study, we controlled the effect of confounding variables; a significant association was observed between mortality and duration of hyperglycemia (P=0.002). In addition, a significant association was observed between duration of hyperglycemia and ventilator dependence (P=0.02).Conclusion: Our study showed that the duration of hyperglycemia is positively associated with mortality andventilator dependence in infants admitted to NICU.