Summary: Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed highly enantioselective formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of azoalkenes with 3-vinylindoles has been established. Under mild conditions, the projected cycloaddition proceeded smoothly, affording a variety of 2,3-dihydropyrroles in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities, and also in a diastereospecific manner. As opposed to the common 4-atom synthons in the previous literature reports, azoalkenes served as 3-atom synthons. Besides, the observed selectivity was supported by primary theoretical calculation. The unique chemistry of azoalkenes disclosed herein will empower asymmetric synthesis of nitrogen-containing ring structural motifs in a broader context. : Organic Chemistry; Organic Synthesis; Physical Organic Chemistry Subject Areas: Organic Chemistry, Organic Synthesis, Physical Organic Chemistry