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Based on the data of existing warehouse supermarkets in Liaoning Province, China, spatial autocorrelation analysis, kernel density analysis, composite correlation coefficient analysis and other methods have been adopted to analyze their spatial-temporal evolution pattern to reflect the general law of the development of China's existing warehouse supermarkets and fill the gap in this research field. The results show that the spatial distribution of warehouse supermarkets in Liaoning Province is extremely uneven, and areas with high nuclear density are distributed along the "Shenyang-Dalian" line belonging to the aggregation distribution. The Lorentz curve shows a downward trend with a large degree of spatial imbalance, that is, the regional concentration of warehouse supermarkets is high. Through global and local autocorrelation analysis, the regions with similar development levels of warehouse supermarkets in Liaoning Province tend to gather together, and the spatial distribution has a strong correlation. The distribution of warehousing supermarkets in Liaoning Province is affected by traffic location conditions, economic conditions, population quantity and population density, the number of urban functional areas, policy conditions and the role of the government, especially by economic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The location analysis of logistics distribution centers is one of the most critical issues in large-scale supply chains. While a number of algorithms and applications have been provided for this end, comparatively fewer investigations have been made into the integration of geographical information. This study proposes logistic distribution center location analysis that considers current geographic and embedded information gathered from a geographic information system (GIS). After reviewing the GIS, the decision variables and parameters are estimated using spatial analysis. These variables and parameters are utilized during mathematical problem-based analysis stage. While a number of existing algorithms have been proposed, this study applies a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm integrating particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA). Using the proposed method, a more realistic mathematical model is established and solved for accurate analysis of logistics performance. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, Korea Post distribution centers were considered in South Korea. Through tests with several real-world scenarios, it is proven experimentally that the proposed solution is more effective than existing PSO variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of 3D city models is changing from visualization to complex use cases where they act as 3D base maps. This requires links to registers and continuous updating of the city models. Still, most models never change or are recreated instead of updated. This study identifies obstacles to version management of 3D city models and proposes recommendations to overcome them, with a main focus on the municipality perspective, foremost in the planning and building processes. As part of this study, we investigate whether national building registers can control the version management of 3D city models. A case study based on investigations of standards, interviews and a review of tools is presented. The study uses an architectural model divided into four layers: data collection, building theme, city model and application. All layers require changes when implementing a new versioning method: the data collection layer requires restructuring of technical solutions and work processes, storage of the national building register requires restructuring, versioning capabilities must be propagated to the city model layer, and tools at the application layer must handle temporal information better. Strong incentives for including versioning in 3D city models are essential, as substantial investment is required to implement versioning in all the layers. Only capabilities required by applications should be implemented, as the complexity grows with the number of versioning functionalities. One outcome of the study is a recommendation to link 3D city models more closely to building registers. This enables more complex use in, e.g., building permits and 3D cadastres, and authorities can fetch required (versioning) information directly from the city model layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iraq, a country in the Middle East, has suffered severe drought events in the past two decades due to a significant decrease in annual precipitation. Water storage by building dams can mitigate drought impacts and assure water supply. This study was designed to identify suitable sites to build new dams within the Al-Khabur River Basin (KhRB). Both the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the weighted sum method (WSM) were used and compared to select suitable dam sites. A total of 14 layers were used as input dataset (i.e., lithology, tectonic zones, distance to active faults, distance to lineaments, soil type, land cover, hypsometry, slope gradient, average precipitation, stream width, Curve Number Grid, distance to major roads, distance to towns and cities, and distance to villages). Landsat-8/Operational Land Imager (OLI) and QuickBird optical images were used in the study. Three types of accuracies were tested: overall, suitable pixels by number, and suitable pixels by weight. Based on these criteria, we determined that 11 sites are suitable for locating dams for runoff harvesting. Results were compared to the location of 21 preselected dams proposed by the Ministry of Agricultural and Water Resources (MAWR). Three of these dam sites coincide with those proposed by the MAWR. The overall accuracies of the 11 dams ranged between 76.2% and 91.8%. The two most suitable dam sites are located in the center of the study area, with favorable geology, adequate storage capacity, and in close proximity to the population centers. Of the two selection methods, the AHP method performed better as its overall accuracy is greater than that of the WSM. We argue that when stream discharge data are not available, use of high spatial resolution QuickBird imageries to determine stream width for discharge estimation is acceptable and can be used for preliminary dam site selection. The study offers a valuable and relatively inexpensive tool to decision-makers for eliminating sites having severe limitations (less suitable sites) and focusing on those with the least restriction (more suitable sites) for dam construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest in mobility data analysis has grown dramatically with the wide availability of devices that track the position of moving objects. Mobility analysis can be applied, for example, to analyze traffic flows. To support mobility analysis, trajectory data warehousing techniques can be used. Trajectory data warehouses typically include, as measures, segments of trajectories, linked to spatial and non-spatial contextual dimensions. This paper goes beyond this concept, by including, as measures, the trajectories of moving objects at any point in time. In this way, online analytical processing (OLAP) queries, typically including aggregation, can be combined with moving object queries, to express queries like "List the total number of trucks running at less than 2 km from each other more than 50% of its route in the province of Antwerp" in a concise and elegant way. Existing proposals for trajectory data warehouses do not support queries like this, since they are based on either the segmentation of the trajectories, or a pre-aggregation of measures. The solution presented here is implemented using MobilityDB, a moving object database that extends the PostgresSQL database with temporal data types, allowing seamless integration with relational spatial and non-spatial data. This integration leads to the concept of mobility data warehouses. This paper discusses modeling and querying mobility data warehouses, providing a comprehensive collection of queries implemented using PostgresSQL and PostGIS as database backend, extended with the libraries provided by MobilityDB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]