1. Electroanatomic Characterization and Ablation of Scar-Related Isthmus Sites Supporting Perimitral Flutter
- Author
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Anthony W.C. Chow, Shahnaz Jamil-Copley, Prapa Kanagaratnam, Nicholas S. Peters, George D. Katritsis, João de Sousa, Phang Boon Lim, Michael Koa-Wing, L Carpinteiro, Nuno Cortez-Dias, Sharad Agarwal, Vishal Luther, Nick Linton, Zachary I. Whinnett, Norman Qureshi, Fu Siong Ng, and British Heart Foundation
- Subjects
Tachycardia ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems ,Radiofrequency ablation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Catheter ablation ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,outcomes ,electroanatomic mapping ,Pulmonary vein ,law.invention ,Cicatrix ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,isthmus ,Internal medicine ,Atrial Fibrillation ,Humans ,Medicine ,Heart Atria ,cardiovascular diseases ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Atrial tachycardia ,Aged ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,Atrial fibrillation ,atrial tachycardia ,Ablation ,medicine.disease ,MACROREENTRANT TACHYCARDIA ,Perimitral flutter ,Atrial Flutter ,Cardiovascular System & Cardiology ,Catheter Ablation ,cardiovascular system ,Cardiology ,perimitral flutter ,FIBRILLATION ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Abstract
Objectives The authors reviewed 3-dimensional electroanatomic maps of perimitral flutter to identify scar-related isthmuses and determine their effectiveness as ablation sites. Background Perimitral flutter is usually treated by linear ablation between the left lower pulmonary vein and mitral annulus. Conduction block can be difficult to achieve, and recurrences are common. Methods Patients undergoing atrial tachycardia ablation using CARTO3 (Biosense Webster Inc., Irvine, California) were screened from 4 centers. Patients with confirmed perimitral flutter were reviewed for the presence of scar-related isthmuses by using CARTO3 with the ConfiDense and Ripple Mapping modules. Results Confirmed perimitral flutter was identified in 28 patients (age 65.2 ± 8.1 years), of whom 26 patients had prior atrial fibrillation ablation. Scar-related isthmus ablation was performed in 12 of 28 patients. Perimitral flutter was terminated in all following correct identification of a scar-related isthmus using ripple mapping. The mean scar voltage threshold was 0.11 ± 0.05 mV. The mean width of scar-related isthmuses was 8.9 ± 3.5 mm with a conduction speed of 31.8 ± 5.5 cm/s compared to that of normal left atrium of 71.2 ± 21.5 cm/s (p < 0.0001). Empirical, anatomic ablation was performed in 16 of 28, with termination in 10 of 16 (63%; p = 0.027). Significantly less ablation was required for critical isthmus ablation compared to empirical linear lesions (11.4 ± 5.3 min vs. 26.2 ± 17.1 min; p = 0.0004). All 16 cases of anatomic ablation were reviewed with ripple mapping, and 63% had scar-related isthmus. Conclusions Perimitral flutter is usually easy to diagnose but can be difficult to ablate. Ripple mapping is highly effective at locating the critical isthmus maintaining the tachycardia and avoiding anatomic ablation lines. This approach has a higher termination rate with less radiofrequency ablation required.
- Published
- 2021
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