1. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among People Living With HIV Compared With People Without HIV: Survey Results From the MACS-WIHS Combined Cohort Study
- Author
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D'Souza, Gypsyamber, Tong, Weiqun, Gustafson, Deborah, Alcaide, Maria L, Lahiri, Cecile D, Sharma, Anjali, French, Audrey L, Palella, Frank J, Kempf, Mirjam-Colette, Mimiaga, Matthew J, Ramirez, Catalina, Kassaye, Seble, Rinaldo, Charles R, Brown, Todd T, Tien, Phyllis C, and Adimora, Adaora A
- Subjects
Prevention ,HIV/AIDS ,Biodefense ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Vaccine Related ,Clinical Research ,Lung ,Pneumonia ,Infectious Diseases ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Aged ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,COVID-19 ,COVID-19 Testing ,Cohort Studies ,Cough ,Ethnicity ,Female ,Fever ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Pharyngitis ,Prevalence ,SARS-CoV-2 ,coronavirus ,testing ,symptoms ,PLWH ,CD4 ,distancing ,MWCCS ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Virology - Abstract
BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms among people living with HIV (PLWH) are not well described.SettingLongitudinal survey within the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS) of PLWH compared with similar HIV-seronegative (SN) individuals.MethodsTelephone-administered survey of MWCCS participants at 13 clinical research sites across the United States addressing COVID-19 symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 testing, and pandemic impact on social distancing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use. Primary data collection occurred during May (wave 1), June-July (wave 2), and August-September, 2020 (wave 3).ResultsOne-third of MWCCS participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection; 10% was tested ≥2 times. Similar proportions of PLWH and SN participants were tested, but SARS-CoV-2 positivity was higher among PLWH than among SN individuals (9.4% vs 4.8%, P = 0.003). Odds of SARS-CoV-2 positivity remained higher among PLWH after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and study site (adjusted odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.2 to 3.2). SARS-CoV-2 positivity was not associated with CD4 cell counts among PLWH. Among SARS-CoV-2 positive participants, 9% had no symptoms, 7% had 1-2 mild symptoms, and 84% had ≥3 symptoms. Most of the (98%) participants reported physical distancing during all survey waves; self-reported ART adherence among PLWH was not adversely affected during the pandemic compared with the previous year (similar adherence in 89% of participants, improved in 9% of participants, and decreased in 2% of participants).ConclusionsDespite similar SARS-CoV-2 testing and physical distancing profiles by HIV serostatus among MWCCS participants, PLWH who reported SARS-CoV-2 testing were more likely to have a positive test result. Additional studies are needed to determine whether and why PLWH are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Published
- 2022