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19 results on '"Ishigo S"'

1. [Nationwide surveillance of parenteral antibiotics containing meropenem activities against clinically isolated strains in 2012].

Author

Yamaguchi K, Ishii Y, Tateda K, Iwata M, Watanabe N, Shinagawa M, Kayaba H, Kimura M, Suwabe A, Kaku M, Abe Y, Kanemitsu K, Taniguchi N, Murakami M, Maesaki S, Kawamura T, Nomura F, Watanabe M, Kanno H, Horiuchi H, Tazawa Y, Kondo S, Misawa S, Takemura H, Nakashima H, Matsuto T, Fujimoto Y, Ishigo S, Gotoh H, Watanabe O, Yagi T, Shimaoka N, Mikamo H, Yamagishi Y, Fujita N, Komori T, Ichiyama S, Kawano S, Nakayama A, Nakamura F, Kohno H, Fukuda S, Kusano N, Nose M, Yokozaki M, Onodera M, Murao K, Negayama K, Nishimiya T, Miyamoto H, Matsunaga A, Yoshimura H, Kohno S, Yanagihara K, and Hiramatsu K

Subjects
Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, Meropenem, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacteria drug effects, Thienamycins pharmacology
Abstract

The nationwide surveillance of antibacterial susceptibility to meropenem (MEPM) and other parenteral antibiotics against clinical isolates during 2012 in Japan was conducted. A total of 2985 strains including 955 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 1782 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, and 248 strains of anaerobic bacteria obtained from 31 medical institutions were examined. The results were as follows; 1. MEPM was more active than the other carbapenem antibiotics tested against Gram-negative bacteria, especially against enterobacteriaceae and Haemophilus influenzae. MEPM was also active against most of the species tested in Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria, except for multi-drug resistant strains including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). 2. Of all species tested, there were no species, which MIC90 of MEPM was more than 4-fold higher than those in our previous studies in 2009 or 2006. Therefore, the tendency to increase in antimicrobial resistance rates was not observed. 3. MEPM resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 17.8% (56/315 strains). Compared to our previous results, it was the lowest than that in 2006 and 2009. 4. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, and multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter species, which emerged in worldwide, were not observed. 5. The proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) strains was 6.2% (59/951 strains) in enterobacteriaceae, which increased compared with that of our previous studies in 2009 or before. Whereas, the proportion of metallo-beta-lactamase strains was 1.6% (5/315 strains) in P. aeruginosa, which was stable. In conclusion, the results from this surveillance suggest that MEPM retains its potent and broad antibacterial activity and therefore is a clinically useful carbapenem for serious infections treatment at present, 17 years passed after available for commercial use in Japan.

Published
2014

2. [Epidemiological analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gifu prefecture and the northern district of Aichi prefecture--2009].

Author

Yamagishi Y, Mikamo H, Sawamura H, Suematsu H, Asano Y, Ishigo S, Hatano M, Matsubara S, Ohta H, Matsukawa Y, Saeki H, Mutou T, Teraji M, Mouri T, Kawahara Y, Akita S, Miyabe T, Okada M, Terada H, Sakuma T, Morita E, Miyamoto N, Tuchiya Y, Yamada Y, Yamaoka K, Miyaki Y, Tanaka K, and Watanabe K

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, Infant, Japan, Middle Aged, Pneumococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects, Streptococcus pneumoniae genetics, Pneumococcal Infections epidemiology, Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation & purification
Abstract

High pathogenicity and drug resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae are serious problem in clinical practice. Since 1999, we have conducted epidemiologic analyses of S. pneumoniae in Chubu district. We report the results of the analysis conducted in 2009. Three hundred and eight (308) S. pneumoniae isolates with a gene coding for autolysin lyt-A, which had been isolated from patients at 21 medical institutions in Gifu prefecture and the northern part of Aichi prefecture in 2009, were enrolled in this study. The strains were classified according to their drug resistance based on the presence of the pbp mutation, and examined for the presence of the two macrolide-resistance genes, ermB and mefA. Moreover, they were serotyped using type-specific antisera. The mean age of the patients from whom these S. pneumoniae strains were isolated, was 23.4 +/- 30.1 years old, and children aged 15 years old or less accounted for 66% of all the patients. Genotype penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae (gPSSP), genotype penicillin-intermediate S. pneumoniae (gPISP) and genotype penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (gPRSP) were 22 (7.1%), 131 (42.5%) and 155 (50.3%), respectively. The strains with mefA positive and ermB negative, mefA negative and ermB positive, and mefA positive and ermB positive were 80 (26.0%), 153 (49.7%), and 47 (15.3%), respectively. The MIC90 values of tebipenem (TBPM) and faropenem were 0.06 microg/mL and 0.5 microg/mL, respectively. TBPM showed the high bactericidal activity against gPRSP. In carbapenems, panipenem and biapenem exhibited higher bactericidal activities. Quinolone-resistant S. pneumoniae (QRSP) were isolated from 10 (3.2%). QRSP dominated 5 (7.9%) and 3 (1.5%) among the elderly (over 65 years old) and children, respectively. (As for the serotype, serotypes 6, 19 and 23 were 60 (19.5%), 62 (20.1%), and 44 (14.3%), respectively. Further epidemiologic studies on S. pneumoniae might be required also in the future, including the relationship between the serotype and drug resistance.

Published
2012

3. [Nationwide surveillance of parenteral antibiotics containing meropenem activities against clinically isolated strains in 2009].

Author

Yamaguchi K, Ishii Y, Iwata M, Watanabe N, Shinagawa M, Yasujima M, Suwabe A, Kuroda M, Kaku M, Kitagawa M, Kanemitsu K, Imafuku Y, Murakami M, Yomodu S, Taniguchi N, Yamada T, Nomura F, Kanno H, Maesaki S, Hashikita G, Kondo S, Misawa S, Horiuchi H, Tazawa Y, Nakashima H, Takemura H, Okada M, Horikawa Y, Maekawa M, Nagura O, Yagi T, Baba H, Ishigo S, Fujita N, Komori T, Ichiyama S, Yamanaka K, Murata Y, Matsuo S, Kohno H, Kawano S, Kinoshita S, Taminato T, Negayama K, Murase M, Miyamoto H, Kusano N, Nose M, Yokozaki M, Itaha H, Matsunaga A, Yoshimura H, Kohno S, Yanagihara K, Matsuda J, Saikawa T, and Hiramatsu K

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Dosage Forms, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Japan, Meropenem, Middle Aged, Respiratory System microbiology, Time Factors, Urine microbiology, Young Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacteria, Anaerobic drug effects, Bacteria, Anaerobic isolation & purification, Bacterial Infections microbiology, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Negative Bacteria isolation & purification, Gram-Positive Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Positive Bacteria isolation & purification, Thienamycins pharmacology
Abstract

The antibacterial activity of meropenem (MEPM) and other parenteral antibiotics against clinical isolates of 2655 strains including 810 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 1635 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, and 210 strains of anaerobic bacteria obtained from 30 medical institutions during 2009 was examined. The results were as follows; (1) MEPM was more active than the other carbapenem antibiotics tested against Gram-negative bacteria, especially against enterobacteriaceae and Haemophilus influenzae. MEPM was also active against most of the species tested in Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria, except for multidrug resistant strains including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). (2) MEPM maintained potent and stable antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The proportion of MEPM-resistant strains to ciprofloxacin-resistant strains or imipenem-resistant strains were 53.1% and 58.0% respectively. (3) The proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) strains was 3.1% (26 strains) in enterobacteriaceae. And the proportion of metallo-beta-lactamase strains was 2.0% (6 strains) in P. aeruginosa. (4) Of all species tested, there were no species except for Bacteroides fragilis group, which MIC90 of MEPM was more than 4-fold higher than those in our previous study. Therefore, there is almost no significant decrease in susceptibility of clinical isolates to meropenem. In conclusion, the results from this surveillance study suggest that MEPM retains its potent and broad antibacterial activity and therefore is a clinically useful carbapenem for serious infections treatment at present, 14 years passed after available for commercial use in Japan.

Published
2011

4. [Epidemiological analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gifu prefecture].

Author

Matsukawa Y, Yamagishi Y, Mikamo H, Sawamura H, Matsubara S, Yamaoka K, Asano Y, Ishigo S, Suematsu H, Mutou T, Teraji M, Hashido H, Terada H, Saeki H, Miyabe T, Tanaka K, Watanabe K, Akita S, Okada M, Takemoto Y, and Sakuma T

Subjects
Humans, Japan, Levofloxacin, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mutation, Ofloxacin pharmacology, Penicillin Resistance, Penicillin-Binding Proteins genetics, Streptococcus pneumoniae genetics, Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation & purification, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects
Abstract

Since antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae become serious problem, we have conducted the epidemiological analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gifu prefecture. We have investigated the mutations of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) cording genes, the mutations of macrolide-resistant cording genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility using broth microdilution method, for 345 strains isolated from clinical specimens between May 2006 and July 2006 at 12 clinical facilities of 5 medical area. The ratio of penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae (gPSSP), penicillin-intermediate S. pneumoniae (gPISP), and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (gPRSP), which were judged by molecular techniques, were 7.2%, 53.5%, and 39.4%, respectively. Only 1 gPSSP strain was isolated from children under three years old. There have been regional differences of the isolation rate of gPRSP between Gifu/Chuno area (55-60%) and Tono/Hida area (23-32%) in second- or third-medical facilities. The isolation rate of PBP mutation genes, pbp2x, pbp1a and pbp2b, were 92.8%, 52.5% and 53.3%, respectively. The isolation rate of macrolide-resistant cording genes, mefA only, ermB only, and both mefA and ermB, were 30%, 50% and 8%, respectively. The strains of S. pneumoniae with both mefA and ermB mutations, increased from 4% in 2002 to 8% in 2006. The antimicrobial susceptibility of S. pneumoniae to penicillin G (PCG) showed two peaks around 0.03 and 1 microg/mL, and 89% of S. pneumoniae with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value 1 microg/mL was gPRSP. The MIC values of PCG against 69% strains of gPRSP distributed between 0.25 and 1 microg/mL. There have been the decreased tendency for the differences among medical facilities in penicillin resistant strains. Although cefditoren showed the most effective antimicrobial activity in oral cephems tested, there have been the strains with MIC value of over 1 microg/mL. The MIC90 of panipenem was 0.125 microg/mL, which was the best antimicrobial activity in carbapenems. The resistant rates of clarithromycin and azithromycin were 85% and 84%, respectively. The strains with the gene mutation of ermB have showed resistant to clindamycin. The MIC90 of tosufloxacin was 0.25 microg/mL, which was the best antimicrobial activity in quinolones. We have detected 4 levofloxacin highly resistant S. pneumoniae, of which MIC value was over 32 microg/mL. Also, we have encountered the episode of the spread of S. pneumoniae in one family, which was clarified by scientific approach.

Published
2010

5. [Nationwide surveillance of parenteral antibiotics containing meropenem activities against clinically isolated strains in 2006].

Author

Yamaguchi K, Ishii Y, Iwata M, Watanabe N, Uehara N, Yasujima M, Kasai T, Suwabe A, Yamahata K, Kaku M, Kanemitsu K, Imafuku Y, Nishiyama K, Murakami M, Yomoda S, Taniguchi N, Yamada T, Nomura F, Watanabe M, Kanno H, Aihara M, Maesaki S, Hashikita G, Kondo S, Misawa S, Horiuchi H, Tazawa Y, Nakashima H, Takemura H, Okada M, Yamazaki F, Horii T, Maekawa M, Baba H, Ishigo S, Fujita N, Komori T, Ichiyama S, Iinuma Y, Maeda S, Yamanaka K, Murata Y, Matsuo S, Kohno H, Kinoshita S, Fujita J, Negayama K, Murase M, Miyamoto H, Kusano N, Mihara E, Itaha H, Ono J, Yoshimura H, Yanagihara K, Matsuda J, Saikawa T, and Hiramatsu K

Subjects
Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Gram-Negative Bacteria enzymology, Gram-Negative Bacteria isolation & purification, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections microbiology, Gram-Positive Bacteria enzymology, Gram-Positive Bacteria isolation & purification, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections microbiology, Humans, Injections, Intravenous, Japan, Meropenem, Time Factors, beta-Lactamases biosynthesis, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Positive Bacteria drug effects, Thienamycins pharmacology
Abstract

The antibacterial activity of meropenem (MEPM) and other parenteral antibiotics against clinical isolates of 876 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 1764 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, and 198 strains of anaerobic bacteria obtained from 30 medical institutions during 2006 was measured. The results were as follows; 1. MEPM was more active than the other carbapenem antibiotics tested against Gram-negative bacteria, especially against enterobacteriaceae and Haemophilus influenzae. MEPM was also active against most of the species tested in Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria, except for multi-drug resistant strains including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 2. As for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all of the MEPM-resistant strains were resistant to imipenem (IPM). MEPM showed low cross-resistant rate both againt IPM-resistant P. aeruginosa (41.8%) and ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa (33.3%). 3. The proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) strains was 4.3% (6 strains) in Escherichia coli, 1.1% (1 strain) in Citrobacter freundii, 21.7% (5 strains) in Citrobacter koseri, 3.1% (4 strains) in Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3.3% (3 strains) in Enterobacter cloacae, 0.8% (1 strain) in Serratia marcescens, and 4.9% (2 strains) in Providencia spp. The proportion of metallo-beta-lactamase strains was 3.1% (10 strains) in P. aeruginosa. 4. Of all species tested, there were no species, which MIC90 of MEPM was more than 4-fold higher than those in our previous study. Therefore, there is almost no significant decrease in susceptibility of clinical isolates to meropenem. In conclusion, the results from this surveillance study suggest that MEPM retains its potent and broad antibacterial activity and therefore is a clinically useful carbapenem at present, 11 years after available for commercial use.

Published
2007

6. [In-vitro susceptibilites to levofloxacin and various antibacterial agents of 18,639 clinical isolates obtained from 77 centers in 2004].

Author

Yamaguchi K, Ohno A, Ishii Y, Tateda K, Iwata M, Kanda M, Tsujio Y, Kimoto H, Kaimori M, Nakamura T, Kawamura C, Nishimura M, Akizawa K, Katayama Y, Matsuda K, Hayashi T, Yasujima M, Kasai T, Kimura M, Tominaga M, Miki M, Nakanowatari S, Nakagawa T, Kaku M, Kanemitsu K, Kunishima H, Toyoshima S, Sakurai M, Shiotani J, Sugita A, Ito T, Okada J, Suwabe A, Yamahata K, Yoneyama A, Kumasaka K, Yamane N, Koike K, Ieiri T, Kominami H, Yamada T, Oguri T, Itoh K, Watanabe K, Kobayashi Y, Ohtake T, Uchida T, Totsuka K, Murakami M, Yomoda S, Takahashi A, Okamoto H, Inuzuka K, Yamazaki K, Gonda H, Yamashita T, Yamaguchi I, Okada M, Ikari H, Kurosawa N, Fujimoto Y, Ishigo S, Asano Y, Mikio M, Kano I, Nagano E, Kageyama F, Shaku E, Kanno H, Aihara M, Gemma H, Uemura K, Miyajima E, Maesaki S, Hashikita G, Horii T, Sumitomo M, Yoshimura H, Hiraoka M, Wada H, Yuzuki Y, Ikeda N, Baba H, Soma M, Yamamoto T, Ichiyama S, Kinosita S, Kawano S, Fujita S, Kageoka T, Hongo T, Okabe H, Tatewaki K, Moro K, Oka M, Niki Y, Yoshida H, Yamashita M, Kusano N, Mihara E, Nose M, Fushiwaki T, Kuwabara M, Fujiue Y, Shimuzu A, Takubo T, Kusakabe T, Hinoda Y, Tanaka N, Takahashi H, Heijyou H, Okazaki T, Asai K, Kawahara K, Masuda J, Sano R, Taminato T, Negayama K, Matsuo S, Komatsu M, Sugiura T, Murase M, Hiramatsu K, Yamane N, Nakasone I, Hirakata Y, Kohno S, Aizawa H, Honda J, Hamazaki N, Okayama A, Ono J, Aoki Y, Okada K, and Miyanohara H

Subjects
Drug Resistance, Microbial, Fluoroquinolones pharmacology, Humans, Japan, Time Factors, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacterial Infections microbiology, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Negative Bacteria isolation & purification, Gram-Positive Cocci drug effects, Gram-Positive Cocci isolation & purification, Gram-Positive Rods drug effects, Gram-Positive Rods isolation & purification
Abstract

A total of 18,639 clinical isolates in 19 species collected from 77 centers during 2004 in Japan were tested for their susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (FQs) and other selected antibiotics. The common respiratory pathogens, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae showed a high susceptible rate against FQs. The isolation rate of beta lactamase non-producing ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae was approximately three times as large as those of western countries. Most strains of Enterobacteriaceae were also susceptible to FQs. The resistance rate of Escherichia coli against FQs has however been rapidly increasing so far as we surveyed since 1994. The FQs-resistant rate in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) showed approximately 90% except for 36%. of sitafloxacin while FQs-resistant rate in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was around 5%. The FQs-resistant rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (MRCNS) was also higher than that of methicillin-susceptible coagulase negative Staphylococci (MSCNS), however, it was lower than that of MRSA. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates, 32-34% from UTI and 15-19% of from RTI was resistant to FQs. Acinetobacter spp. showed a high susceptibility to FQs. Although FQs-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae have not been increased in western countries, it is remarkably high in Japan. In this survey, isolates of approximately 85% was resistant to FQs.

Published
2006

7. [Surveillance on Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in Gifu prefecture (2004)].

Author

Mikamo H, Tanaka K, Watanabe K, Yamaoka K, Miwa M, Sawamura H, Matsukawa Y, Saheki H, Asano Y, Ishigo S, Suematsu H, Matsubara S, Hashido H, Terachi M, Miyasato M, and Ichikawa E

Subjects
Humans, Japan, Sputum microbiology, Urine microbiology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug effects, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation & purification
Abstract

We analyzed Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Gifu prefecture between September and October 2004. We conducted antimicrobial susceptibility test for 266 strains isolated from 8 medical institutes and 1 clinical laboratory, based on broth microdilution method. The MIC50 and MIC90 of piperacillin, amikacin, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin were 4 and 64, 4 and 8, 1 and 16, 0.25 and 8 microg/mL, respectively. The strains isolated from urine had higher MIC level in comparison with from sputum, which was remarkable in penicillins, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. We isolated 7 strains of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP), in which 3 strains showed under 16 microg/mL in MIC against anti-MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) drug arbekacin. Continuous surveillance would be needed for antimicrobial resistance on P. aeruginosa in Gifu prefecture.

Published
2006

8. [Nationwide surveillance of parenteral antibiotics containing meropenem activities against clinically isolated strains in 2004].

Author

Yamaguchi K, Murakami M, Takahashi A, Ishii Y, Iwata M, Itoh K, Oohara T, Watanabe N, Uehara N, Nomura F, Watanabe M, Yasujima M, Kasai T, Kanno H, Aihara M, Suwabe A, Yamahata K, Maesaki S, Hashikita G, Kaku M, Kanemitsu K, Miyake K, Oguri T, Yoshida H, Nishiyama K, Okada J, Tazawa Y, Komatsu M, Nakashima H, Takemura H, Kinoshita S, Okada M, Kobayashi S, Taminato T, Negayama K, Horii T, Murase M, Miyamoto H, Baba H, Kusano N, Mihara E, Ishigo S, Kambe M, Itaha H, Fujita N, Komori T, Ono J, Yoshimura H, Ichiyama S, Maeda S, Hirakata Y, Matsuda J, Yamanaka K, Mutara Y, Saikawa T, Hiramatsu K, and Taminato S

Subjects
Anti-Infective Agents administration & dosage, Carbapenems pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Injections, Intravenous, Meropenem, Thienamycins administration & dosage, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Bacteria, Anaerobic drug effects, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Positive Bacteria drug effects, Thienamycins pharmacology
Abstract

The antibacterial activity of meropenem (MEPM) and other parenteral antibiotics against clinical isolates of 907 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 1790 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, and 192 strains of anaerobic bacteria obtained from 30 medical institutions during 2004 was measured. The results were as follows; 1. MIC90 of MEPM for almost all of enterobacteriaceae and Haemophilus influenzae were 4-fold to 32-fold lower than those of other carbapenems. MEPM was more active than other carbapenem antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria, especially against enterobacteriaceae and H. influenzae. MEPM were active against most of the species tested in Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria, except for multi-drug resistant strains including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 2. As for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, imipenem (IPM) showed high cross-resistant rate againt meropenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (87.9%). MEPM showed low cross-resistant rate both againt IPM-resistant P. aeruginosa (49.2%) and ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa (38.0%). 3. The proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) strains was 3.1% (4 strains) in Escherichia coli, 8.0% (2 strains) in Citrobacter koseri, 2.5% (3 strains) in Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2.5% (2 strains) in Enterobacter cloacae, 0.9% (1 strains) in Serratia marcescens, and 2.2% (2 strains) in Proteus mirabilis. The proportion of metallo-beta-lactamase strains was 1.6% (5 strains) in P. aeruginosa. 4. Of all species tested, Peptostreptococcus spp. was the only species, which MIC90 of MEPM was more than 4-fold higher than that in our previous study using clinical isolates during 2002 (0.25 microg/ml --> 1 microg/ml). Therefore, there is almost no siginificant decrease in susceptibility of clinical isolates to meropenem. In conclusion, the results from this surveillance study suggest that MEPM retains its potent and broad antibacterial activity and therefore is a clinically useful carbapenem at present, 9 years after available for commercial use.

Published
2005

9. [Surveillance based on molecular epidemiology for Haemophilus influenzae Isolates in Gifu Prefecture].

Author

Mikamo H, Tanaka K, Watanabe K, Saheki H, Sawamura H, Miwa M, Ishigo S, Asano Y, Terachi M, Suematsu H, Hashido H, Matsubara S, Yamaoka K, Matsukawa Y, Miyasato M, and Ichikawa E

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Child, Child, Preschool, Haemophilus influenzae drug effects, Humans, Infant, Japan, Middle Aged, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Haemophilus influenzae genetics
Abstract

We analyzed Haemophilus influenzae isolates in Gifu prefecture between May 2003 and August 2003. We conducted molecular-level epidemiological studies for 313 strains using PCR to identify resistant genes in H. influenzae. Our four sets of primers are as follows: (i) p6 gene of P6 membrane protein, (ii) TEM-1 type beta-lactamase gene (bla), (iii) normal PBP 3 gene (ftsl), and (iv) mutational ftsl gene detected in beta-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin (ABPC) resistant H. influenzae (BLNAR). H. influenzae strains were classified into 6 types based on PCR: (i) beta-lactamase-nonproducing ABPC-susceptible strains (BLNAS; n = 85) with no any resistant genes, (ii) TEM-1 type beta-lactamase-producing ABPC resistant strains (BLPAR; n = 6), (iii) beta-lactamase-nonproducing and low-level ABPC-resistant strains (Low-BLNAR; n = 77) possessing Asn-526 --> Lys-526 amino acid substitution, (iv) BLNAR strains (n = 138) possessing Asn-526 --> Lys-526 and 3 amino acids substitutions detected around the Ser-Ser-Asn conserved motif, (v) beta-lactamase-producing amoxicillin-clavulanate resistant strains (BLPACR-I; n = 3) possessing TEM-1 and Low-BLNAR resistant genes, and (vi) beta-lactamase-producing amoxicillin-clavulanate resistant strains (BLPACR-II; n = 4) possessing TEM-1 and BLNAR resistant genes. Amoxicillin (AMPC) MIC90s in Low-BLNAR was 4 microg/mL and in BLNAR was 16 microg/mL. In oral cephalosporins, cefditoren MIC90 was the most excellent with 0.5 microg/mL against BLNAR. The prevalence of H. influenzae type b isolates in Matsubara Otorhinolaryngology Clinic was 66.7%. Selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents should be performed to prevent resistant microorganisms. Also, the vaccination for H. influenzae type b would be strongly recommended in near future.

Published
2005

10. [In vitro susceptibilites to levofloxacin and various antibacterial agents of 11,475 clinical isolates obtained from 52 centers in 2002].

Author

Yamaguchi K, Ohno A, Kashitani F, Iwata M, Kanda M, Tsujio Y, Shimoyama N, Okujima H, Ito M, Kawaguchi H, Chiba H, Akizawa K, Katayama Y, Sugimoto K, Tashiro H, Kaimori M, Suwabe A, Obata R, Sugiyama T, Toyoshima S, Kato J, Kaku M, Kanemitsu K, Kunishima H, Okada J, Tazawa Y, Igari J, Oguri T, Watanabe K, Kobayashi Y, Uchida H, Totsuka K, Kon S, Nakamura K, Matsuda K, Hayashi I, Shiotani J, Shiotani J, Kanno H, Itoh A, Sumitomo M, Uchida T, Kawabata A, Oiwa C, Iwata M, Horii T, Ishigo S, Yoshimura T, Ichiyama S, Wada Y, Kimura S, Maesaki S, Itoh K, Noda Y, Yamashita T, Yamaguchi I, Kageyama F, Shaku E, Baba H, Inuzuka K, Okabe H, Tatewaki K, Moro K, Aihara M, Matsushima T, Niki Y, Kuw Abara M, Ikawa S, Tanaka M, Hinoda Y, Sugiura T, Kamioka M, Ono J, Takata T, Makino H, Murase M, Miyamoto H, Aizawa H, Honda J, Takii M, Nagasawa Z, Aoki Y, Hamazaki N, Tsutsui T, Nakagawa K, Iwata M, Hiramatsu K, Saikawa T, Yamane N, Kimoto H, Kotani T, Kageoka T, Hongo T, Masuda J, Miyanohara H, Tsujimura M, Yasujima M, and Hayashi I

Subjects
Escherichia coli drug effects, Humans, Methicillin Resistance, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Positive Bacteria drug effects, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin pharmacology
Abstract

The susceptibilities of bacteria to fluoroquinolones (FQs), especially levofloxacin, and other antimicrobial agents were investigated using 11,475 clinical isolates collected in Japan during 2002. Methicillin susceptible staphylococci, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, the family of Enterobactericeae, Haemophilus influenzae and Acinetobacter spp. exhibited stable and high susceptibilities to FQs. The rate of FQs-resistant MRSA was 80 approximately 90%, being markedly higher than that of FQs-resistant MSSA. The FQs-resistance rate of MRCNS was also higher than that of MSCNS, however, it was lower than that of MRSA. No FQs-resistant clinical isolates of Salmonella spp. were detected in any of the surveys. Thirteen of Escherichai coli 696 isolates, 8 of Klebsiella pneumoniae 630 isolates and 33 of Proteus mirabilis 373 isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), furthermore 6 of 13 in E. coli, 1 of 8 in K. pneumoniae and 14 of 31 ESBL-producing isolates, and in P. mirabilis were FQs resistant. Attention should be focused in the future on the emergence of ESBL in relation to FQs resistance. The rate of FQs-resistant P. aeruginosa isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) was 40 approximately 60%, while 15 approximately 25% of isolates from respiratory tract infection (RTI) were resistant. IMP-1 type metallo beta-lactamase producing organisms were found in 49 of P. aeruginosa 1,095 isolates, 7 of S. marcescens 586 isolates and 4 of Acinetobacter spp. 474 isolates, respectively. Glycopeptide-resistant enterococci or S. aureus was not found.

Published
2005

11. [Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Gifu Prefecture].

Author

Mikamo H, Suematsu H, Tanaka K, Watanabe K, Matsubara S, Sawamura H, Matsukawa Y, Ishigo S, Miyasato M, and Ichikawa E

Subjects
Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Japan epidemiology, Penicillin Resistance genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects, Streptococcus pneumoniae genetics, Thienamycins pharmacology, Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation & purification
Abstract

We analyzed Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates confirmed by direct PCR in Gifu prefecture between May 2002 and August 2002. We analyzed isolates of 254 strains from 6 hospitals to determine antibiotic susceptibility, genotype of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) genes and macrolide resistant genes, and the serotypes distribution of isolates from Matsubara Otorhinolaryngology Clinic. Isolates in which abnormal PBP genes of pbp1a, pbp2x, and pbp2b were identified by PCR were classified based on PCR results as follows; (i) penicillin-susceptible (PSSP) with 3 normal PBP genes, (ii) penicillin-intermediate (PISP) with an abnormal pbp2x, (iii) PISP with an abnormal php2b, (iv) PISP with abnormal pbp2x and pbp2b, (v) PISP with abnormal pbpla and pbp2x, (vi) penicillin-resistant (PRSP) with 3 abnormal PBP genes. The overall incidence of PRSP, PISP and PSSP was 121 (49%), 109 (42%) and 24 (9%), respectively, and there was a significant difference among some hospitals (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference among the hospitals for the incidence of abnormal macrolide-resistant genes (mefA, ermB). Panipenem showed an excellent antimicrobial activity for injectable carbapenems against PRSP, following biapenem, imipenem, and meropenem. Cefditoren (CDTR) showed an excellent antimicrobial activity for oral cephalosporins against PRSP, following cefteram and cefcapene. Interestingly, there were 2 and 3 strains on MIC of CDTR for 8 and 4 microg/mL, respectively. The prevalent pneumococcal serotypes of isolates in Matsubara Clinic were 6 (17/55), following by 40 (8/55), 9 (6/5) and 15 (5/55). The endemic strains were observed in this study using pulsed field gel electrophoresis. These findings suggest the needs to continue the surveillance of bacterial resistance not only in the nationwide but also in the distict.

Published
2004

12. [Nationwide surveillance of parenteral antibiotics containing meropenem activities against clinically isolated strains in 2002].

Author

Yamaguchi K, Ishii Y, Iwata M, Yoshida H, Satoh T, Watanabe N, Uehara N, Murakami M, Takahashi A, Yasujima M, Kasai T, Itoh K, Shibuya Y, Suwabe A, Obata R, Kanno H, Kubo S, Kaku M, Kanemitsu K, Maesaki S, Hashikita G, Igari J, Oguri T, Aihara M, Kinoshita S, Okada J, Tazawa Y, Taminato T, Negayama K, Nakashima H, Takemura H, Murase M, Miyamoto H, Horii T, Kusano N, Mihara E, Baba H, Ishigo S, Kambe M, Itaha H, Fujita N, Komori T, Ono J, Yoshimura H, Ichiyama S, Maeda S, Hirakata Y, Matsuda J, Yamanaka K, Murata Y, Saikawa T, and Hiramatsu K

Subjects
Bacteria isolation & purification, Bacterial Infections microbiology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, Japan, Meropenem, Product Surveillance, Postmarketing, Time Factors, Bacteria drug effects, Carbapenems pharmacology, Thienamycins pharmacology
Abstract

The antibacterial activity of meropenem (MEPM) and other parenteral antibiotics against clinical isolates of 899 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 1500 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, and 158 strains of anaerobic bacteria obtained from 28 medical institutions during 2002 was measured. The results were as follows; 1. MEPM was more active than other carbapenem antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria, especially against enterobacteriaceae and Haemophilus influenzae. MIC90 of MEPM against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the lowest of the drugs tested. MEPM showed low cross-resistant rate against both imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa and ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa. MEPM was active against most of the species tested in Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria, except for multi-drug resistant strains including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). 2. The proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) strains was 3.1% (4 strains) in Escherichia coli and 1.9% (2 strains) in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Carbapenems including MEPM were active against these ESBL strains. In conclusion, the results from this surveillance study suggest that MEPM retains its potent and broad antibacterial activity and therefore is a clinically useful carbapenem; at present, 7 years after available for commercial use.

Published
2004

13. [Activities of antimicrobial agents against 8,474 clinical isolates obtained from 37 medical institutions during 2000 in Japan].

Author

Yamaguchi K, Ohno A, Kashitani F, Iwata M, Kanda M, Tsujio Y, Sugiyama T, Toyoshima S, Kato J, Watanabe N, Kaku M, Kanemitsu K, Kunishima H, Kawaguchi H, Okada J, Shimoyama N, Igari J, Oguri T, Kaimori M, Watanabe K, Kobayashi Y, Uchida H, Katayama Y, Sugimoto K, Tashiro H, Kanno H, Yasujima M, Itoh K, Suwabe A, Obata R, Okada M, Kobayashi S, Tsuzimura M, Itoh A, Sumitomo M, Taminato T, Negayama K, Baba H, Makino H, Murase M, Miyamoto H, Minakuchi K, Ishigo S, Takii M, Horii T, Ono J, Takata T, Yamanaka K, Hamazaki N, Tsutsui T, Okabe H, Tatewaki K, Moro K, Hiramatsu K, Saikawa T, Ichiyama S, Nagasawa Z, Aoki Y, Matsushima T, Niki Y, Hirakata Y, Kohno S, Kuwabara M, Nakagawa K, Kageoka T, Hongo T, and Yamane N

Subjects
Bacterial Infections, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Fluoroquinolones pharmacology, Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci isolation & purification, Gram-Positive Cocci isolation & purification, Humans, Japan, Time Factors, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci drug effects, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections microbiology, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections microbiology, Gram-Positive Cocci drug effects
Abstract

A survey was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobial agents against 8,474 clinical isolates obtained from 37 Japanese medical institutions in 2000. A total of 25 antimicrobial agents were used, comprising 4 fluoroquinolones, 13 beta-lactams, minocycline, chloramphenicol, clarithromycin, azithromycin, gentamicin, amikacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and vancomycin. A high resistance rate of over 85% against fluoroquinolones was exhibited by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterococcus faecium. Isolates showing resistance to fluoroquinolones among methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from UTI accounted for 30-60%. However, many of the common pathogens were still susceptible to fluoroquinolones, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae (including penicillin-resistant isolates), Streptococcus pyogenes, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Moraxella catarrhalis, the Enterobacteriaceae family, and Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant isolates). About 85% of P. aeruginosa isolated from RTI were susceptible to fluoroquinolones. In conclusion, this survey of sensitivity to antimicrobial agents clearly indicated trend for increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones among MRSA, Enterococci, and P. aeruginosa isolated from UTI, although fluoroquinolones are still effective against other organisms and P. aeruginosa from RTI as has been demonstrated in previous studies.

Published
2003

14. [The frequency of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains and sensitivity surveillance for several antibiotics in Gifu Prefecture].

Author

Ishigo S, Tamaya T, Matsubara S, Suematsu H, Sawamura H, Matsukawa Y, Hashido H, Iwata I, and Mikamo H

Subjects
Amoxicillin pharmacology, Cefaclor pharmacology, Cefdinir, Cefixime pharmacology, Cefmenoxime pharmacology, Ceftizoxime pharmacology, Cephalosporins pharmacology, Ciprofloxacin pharmacology, Clarithromycin pharmacology, Clindamycin pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Humans, Imipenem pharmacology, Japan, Levofloxacin, Meropenem, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Minocycline pharmacology, Naphthyridines pharmacology, Ofloxacin pharmacology, Penicillin G pharmacology, Penicillins pharmacology, Thienamycins pharmacology, Cefpodoxime, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Cefmenoxime analogs & derivatives, Ceftizoxime analogs & derivatives, Fluoroquinolones, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects, Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation & purification
Abstract

The frequency and the antibacterial sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from 6 key hospitals (in 5 areas) and 1 otorhinolaryngology clinic in Gifu Prefecture from February to March, 1999, were investigated with several antibiotics. A total of 128 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated throughout the study: 47 strains (36.7%) of penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP), 51 strains (39.8%) of penicillin-intermediate S. pneumoniae (PISP), and 30 strains (23.4%) of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP); the resistant bacteria being relatively prominent. In these hospitals, PSSP was isolated by 38.8% in all the key hospitals and by 30% in the otolaryngology clinic with almost no discernible difference. PISP was isolated by 63.3%, higher in the otolaryngology clinic and PRSP by 28.6%, higher in the key hospitals conversely. The MIC90s in PISP and PRSP were determined with the antibiotics. In result, only cefditoren (CDTR) showed favorable antibacterial activities with the MIC90 of 0.78 microgram/ml among penicillins or oral cephems. The MIC90s of carbapenems such as imipenem (IPM), meropenem (MEPM), and panipenem (PAPM) were less than 0.39 microgram/ml; particularly, PAPM showed the highest antibacterial activities. Among new quinolones such as tosufloxacin (TFLX), levofloxacin (LVFX), sparfloxacin (SPFX), and ciprofloxacin (CPFX), TFLX showed the highest antibacterial activities with the MIC90 of 0.39 microgram/ml. Other agents showed very low antibacterial activities as the MIC90s were 25 micrograms/ml in minocycline (MINO) and more than 100 micrograms/ml in clarithromycin (CAM) and clindamycin (CLDM).

Published
2000

15. [Activities of antimicrobial agents against 5,180 clinical isolates obtained from 26 medical institutions during 1998 in Japan. Levofloxacin--Surveillance Group].

Author

Yamaguchi K, Miyazaki S, Kashitani F, Iwata M, Kanda M, Tsujio Y, Okada J, Tazawa Y, Watanabe N, Uehara N, Igari J, Oguri T, Kaimori M, Kawamura C, Iinuma Y, Nisawataira T, Tashiro H, Ueno K, Ishigo S, Yasujima M, Kawahara S, Itoh C, Yoshida T, Yamanaka K, Toyoshima S, Katoh J, Kudoh M, Matsushima T, Niki Y, Miyashita N, Funato T, Kaku M, Sato N, Saito Y, Ishii K, Kuwabara M, Hongo T, Negayama K, Kamihira S, Miyazaki Y, Takii M, Ishii M, Nakagawa K, Ono J, Takada T, Murakami N, Taira M, Tamaki I, Matsudou Y, and Nakasone I

Subjects
Ciprofloxacin pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Humans, Levofloxacin, Naphthyridines pharmacology, Ofloxacin pharmacology, Respiratory Tract Infections microbiology, Urinary Tract Infections microbiology, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Fluoroquinolones, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Positive Bacteria drug effects
Abstract

The surveillance study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tosufloxacin) and other 20 antimicrobial agents against 5,180 clinical isolates obtained from 26 medical institutions during 1998 in Japan. The resistance to fluoroquinolones was remarkable in Enterococci, methicillin-resistant staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from UTI. However, many of the common pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae including penicillin-resistant isolates, methicillin-susceptible Stahylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, the family of Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus influenzae including ampicillin-resistant isolates have been kept to be susceptible to fluoroquinolones. About 90% of P. aeruginosa isolates from RTI were susceptible to fluoroquinolones. In conclusion, the results from this surveillance study suggest that fluoroquinolones are useful in the treatment of various bacterial infections including respiratory infections.

Published
2000

16. [Changes in the antibacterial activity of chemotherapeutic agents (especially carbapenems) for 10 species of clinical isolates between 1994 and 1996. Surveillance group of the sensitivities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents].

Author

Igari J, Watanabe N, Uehara N, Inoue M, Yoshida H, Imafuku Y, Nishino T, Shibano T, Satou S, Kobayashi I, Takahashi A, Yomoda S, Matsuoka K, Oguri T, Ohba Y, Kumasaka K, Tokuda K, Kobayashi Y, Hongo T, Okada J, Sasaki T, Matsumoto N, Hirata Y, Nakasaki N, Ono J, Takata T, Kawaguchi R, Ohtaki Y, Kajimura K, Ishigo S, Hashimoto T, Aoki N, Okamoto E, Murakami E, and Saeki H

Subjects
Bacteria isolation & purification, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Humans, Imipenem pharmacology, Japan, Meropenem, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Thienamycins pharmacology, Time Factors, Bacteria drug effects, Carbapenems pharmacology
Abstract

During October and December of each year of from 1994 to 1996, 3,849 strains of 10 species of bacteria were isolated from clinical materials in 21 institutions nationwide. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for these bacteria of four carbapenems (imipenem [IPM], panipenem [PAPM], meropenem [MEPM], and biapenem [BIPM]) and other representative antibacterial agents were measured to investigate annual changes in antibacterial activity. Carbapenems showed potent activity against methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), S. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, H. influenzae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, S. marcescens, and the B. fragilis group, with the activity being stable. However, these drugs showed weak activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity (MIC90) against the tested organisms generally remained stable. Particularly, there was annual improvement of the MIC90 values of IPM and BIPM for S. pneumoniae, as well as the values of IPM and PAPM for H. influenzae, and those of IPM, PAPM, and BIPM for S. marcescens. On the other hand, the activity of carbapenems (including IPM) against MRSA was not necessarily strong, but there was annual improvement of MIC90 values.

Published
2000

17. [Bacteriological and clinical break points: evaluation of the usefulness of cefozopran based on MIC].

Author

Ishigo S, Iriyama J, Asano Y, and Minakuchi K

Subjects
Citrobacter drug effects, Enterobacter drug effects, Enterococcus drug effects, Escherichia coli drug effects, Humans, Klebsiella drug effects, Methicillin Resistance, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Pneumonia, Bacterial drug therapy, Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug effects, Serratia drug effects, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Cefozopran, Cephalosporins pharmacology
Abstract

Drug sensitivity of clinically isolated bacteria to cefozopran (CZOP), which is a new cephem antibiotic, was investigated, and the usefulness of the drug was evaluated from the viewpoint of bacteriological and clinical (pneumonia) break points. The following results were obtained. 1. According to bacteriological break points, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterococcus spp. showed low sensitivity to cefozopran (CZOP). However, the sensitivity of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), E. coli, and Klebsiella spp., which are often isolated as pathogens of common infections, was 100%, that of Enterobacter spp., Serratia sp., and Citrobacter sp. was 90% or higher, and that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 80% or higher; the values were comparable to or better than those for ceftazidime (CAZ). These results suggest a expanded antibacterial spectrum and enhanced antibacterial potency of CZOP. 2. The estimated response rate of pneumonia to CZOP was 87.5% in outpatients and 51.9% in inpatients. Therefore, CZOP is considered to be one of the first choices especially in outpatient empiric therapy.

Published
1999

18. [Survey of the sensitivities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents (annual report)].

Author

Igari J, Inoue M, Nishino T, Watanabe N, Uehara N, Yoshida H, Imafuku Y, Shibano T, Satou S, Kobayashi I, Takahashi A, Yomoda S, Oguri T, Kumasaka K, Kobayasi Y, Okada J, Hirata Y, Nakasaki N, Kawaguchi R, Ohtaki Y, Ishigo S, Okamoto E, Murakami E, Matsuoka K, and Saeki H

Subjects
Drug Resistance, Microbial, Enterococcus faecalis drug effects, Enterococcus faecalis isolation & purification, Escherichia coli drug effects, Escherichia coli isolation & purification, Humans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug effects, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation & purification, Serratia marcescens drug effects, Serratia marcescens isolation & purification, Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification, Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation & purification, Carbapenems pharmacology, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects
Abstract

Research groups were formed in 21 institutions nationwide to investigate carbapenem resistance. The activities of various antibacterial agents, principally carbapenems were tested against clinical isolates collected from these institutions. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 17 antibacterial agents for 1,282 strains of 11 bacterial species isolated at all institutions between October and December 1995. The results were as follows: 1. Carbapenems exhibited strong antibacterial activities against MSSA and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Their activities against Enterococcus faecalis were comparable to that of ABPC. Carbapenems showed low activities against MRSA. 2. OFLX exhibited the greatest antibacterial activity against Haemophilus influenzae, followed by MEPM. The antibacterial activities of the other carbapenems were comparable to those of FMOX and CTM. 3. The carbapenems showed high activities against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Bacteroides fragilis group. Their activities were greater than that exhibited by other beta-lactam antibacterial agents. The carbapenems also exhibited greater antibacterial activities against Serratia marcescens than the other beta-lactam antibacterial agents, but some resistant strains were detected. 4. The antibacterial activities of carbapenems against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were comparable to those of CAZ, AZT, AMK.

Published
1998

19. [Survey of sensitivities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents (annual report)].

Author

Igari J, Inoue M, Nishino T, Watanabe N, Uehara N, Yoshida H, Imafuku Y, Shibano T, Satou S, Kobayashi I, Takahashi A, Yomoda S, Oguri T, Kumasaka K, Okada J, Hirata Y, Uchida K, Kawaguchi R, Ohtaki Y, Ishigo S, Okamoto E, Murakami E, Matsuoka K, Tokuda K, and Saeki H

Subjects
4-Quinolones, Aminoglycosides, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Cephalosporins pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Positive Cocci drug effects, Haemophilus influenzae drug effects, Humans, Imipenem pharmacology, Meropenem, Monobactams pharmacology, Penicillins pharmacology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug effects, Serratia marcescens drug effects, Bacteria drug effects, Carbapenems pharmacology, Thienamycins pharmacology
Abstract

Research groups were formed in 20 institutions nationwide to investigate carbapenem resistance of clinical isolates. Activities of various antibacterial agents, principally carbapenems, were tested against clinical isolates collected from these institutions. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 17 antibacterial agents for 1,326 strains of 11 bacterial species isolated at the institutions between October and December 1994. The results are as follows: 1. Carbapenems exhibited strong antibacterial activities against MSSA and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Their activities against Enterococcus faecalis were comparable to that of ABPC. Carbapenems showed low activities against MRSA. 2. OFLX exhibited the greatest antibacterial activity against Haemophilus influenzae, followed by MEPM. Antibacterial activities of the other carbapenems were comparable to those of FMOX, CTM, and ABPC. 3. The carbapenems showed high activities against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Bacteroides fragilis group. Their activities were greater than those exhibited by other beta-lactam antibacterial agents. The carbapenems also exhibited stronger antibacterial activities against Serratia marcescens than the other beta-lactam antibacterial agents, but some resistant strains were detected. 4. The antibacterial activities of carbapenems against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were comparable to those of CAZ, AZT, AMK.

Published
1997

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