31 results on '"metáfora"'
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2. A note on the career of metaphorical domains: On the role of the XYZ constructions in metaphorical transfer reversal.
- Author
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Brdar, Mario, Brdar-Szabó, Rita, and Gradečak, Tanja
- Subjects
EMERGING infectious diseases ,CULTURE conflict ,WASTE heat - Abstract
Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Metonymy and Croatian adverbial clauses.
- Author
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Belaj, Branimir
- Subjects
METONYMS ,COGNITIVE grammar ,CROATS ,GRAMMATICALIZATION ,SEMANTICS - Abstract
Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The role of metaphors and metonymies in framing the transplantation discourse.
- Author
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Brdar, Mario and Brdar-Szabó, Rita
- Subjects
METAPHOR ,DISCOURSE ,ORGAN donors ,MATERIALS analysis ,QUALITY of life - Abstract
Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Can political rhetoric ever be "too persuasive"? The combination of proverb and hyperbole in the case of having the cake and eating it.
- Author
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Musolff, Andreas
- Subjects
POLITICAL oratory ,BREXIT Referendum, 2016 ,PROVERBS ,HYPERBOLE ,PUBLIC opinion - Abstract
Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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6. Figurative representation of death in the Italian comic book Dylan Dog.
- Author
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Škrgić, Ilhana
- Subjects
COMIC books, strips, etc. ,DOGS ,GRAPHIC novels ,MODEL theory ,CONCEPTUAL models ,ETHNIC costume - Abstract
Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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7. Figurative ‘eye’ expressions in the conceptualization of emotions and personality traits in Slovak.
- Author
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Ciprianová, Elena and Kováčová, Zuzana
- Subjects
FACIAL expression ,PERSONALITY ,SLOVAK language - Abstract
Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
8. Figurative representation of death in the Italian comic book Dylan Dog
- Author
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Ilhana Škrgić
- Subjects
Literature ,Linguistics and Language ,Metonymy ,business.industry ,Metaphor ,media_common.quotation_subject ,metafora ,metonimija ,blend ,Smrt ,Dylan Dog ,stripovi ,grafičke novele ,Representation (arts) ,Art ,Comics ,Literal and figurative language ,Language and Linguistics ,metaphor ,metonymy ,Death ,comics ,graphic novels ,business ,media_common - Abstract
The canonical representation of death as the Grim Reaper is a well-known trope in art. The main aim of this paper is to analyze this trope as it appears in selected instalments of the Italian comics series Dylan Dog. Fauconnier and Turner have extensively discussed its complexity by describing it in terms of the Blending Theory/Conceptual Theory model. As a complex integration of several mental spaces, including a space with an individual human being dying, and a harvest space, the Grim Reaper blend involves metaphoric and metonymic interactions of non-counterpart elements (Fauconnier & Turner 1998). This model will be used as a starting point in the analysis of the corpus consisting of four separate Dylan Dog stories. In the selected issues, the Grim Reaper appears in both the traditional version: a skeleton-like creature dressed in a monk’s robe and holding a scythe, as well as variants in which its appearance gains new and unusual characteristics. It will be demonstrated how the artists' use of the comics medium, with its combination of written text and static visuals, enables certain creative varieties on the classic trope., Tradicionalno predstavljanje smrti kao Sablasnog kosca poznat je trop u umjetnosti. Glavni je cilj ovog rada analiza ovog tropa u izabranim izdanjima talijanskog stripa Dylan Dog. Fauconnier i Turner iscrpno su razmatrali njegovu kompleksnost opisivajući ga uz pomoć modela teorije blenda/konceptualne teorije integracije. Kao kompleksna integracija nekoliko mentalnih prostora, uključujući prostor smrti individualnog ljudskog bića, te prostora žetve, blend “Sablasnog kosca” (“The Grim Reaper”) uključuje metaforičke i metonimijske integracije neistovjetnih elemenata (Fauconnier i Turner 1998). Ovaj model bit će korišten kao početna točka u analizi korpusa koji se sastoji od četiri različite priče Dylana Doga. U izabranim izdanjima, Sablasni se kosac pojavljuje u tradicionalnoj verziji: stvorenje nalik na kostura obučeno u redovničku halju koje drži kòsu, kao i u varijantama u kojima njegov izgled dobiva nove i neobične karakteristike. Bit će prikazano kako upotreba medija stripa od strane umjetnika, uz pomoć kombinacije pisanog teksta i statičkih vizualnih elemenata, omogućava određene kreativne varijante klasičnog tropa.
- Published
- 2019
9. Konceptualizacija PSIHIČKE NESTABILNOSTI u hrvatskome jeziku.
- Author
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Čizmar, Ivana
- Abstract
Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
10. The language of information technology: Figurative use of computer terms.
- Author
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Jurida, Sanel Hadžiahmetović
- Subjects
INTERNET ,TERMS & phrases ,INFORMATION technology - Abstract
Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
11. The role of metaphors and metonymies in framing the transplantation discourse
- Author
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Rita Brdar-Szabó and Mario Brdar
- Subjects
Transplantation ,Linguistics and Language ,Metonymy ,metaphor ,metonymy ,framing ,medical discourse ,Aesthetics ,Metaphor ,Framing (construction) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,metafora ,metonimija ,uokvirivanje ,zdravstveni diskurs ,Psychology ,Language and Linguistics ,media_common - Abstract
This article studies figurative uses of metaphors and metonymies utilized to frame the discourse of transplantology. We assume a somewhat wider view of framing than is usually found in the literature and argue that framing effects can be observed on a cline stretching from the private to the institutional pole. We combine this approach with the findings of the prospect theory that distinguishes between gain-framing and loss-framing as two strategic choices in tackling an issue in discourse. The framing tools, as we show in our analysis of authentic materials, in order to be effective need to be adapted to the section of, or the point on, the cline occupied by a particular subtype of discourse. Although the focus in the cognitive linguistic literature is on how conceptual metaphors are employed in framing discourse, we point out that metonymies, interacting with these metaphors, can also play a very important role. The framing tools used in public campaign aimed at winning new organ donors are strategically mostly gain-framed, and as a rule globally based on the GIFT metaphor. It seems that the metaphorical use of GIFT as a global choice in institutional contexts is not very efficient since it is too general and vague to make discourse more persuasive at the personal level, as expected in the light of the exemplification theory. This metaphor is more effective when adapted accordingly, as we demonstrated on some campaigns supported by or based on metonymic presentation of various aspects stressing the quality of life after transplantation, U prilogu se proučava figurativna uporaba metafora i metonimija u uokvirivanju diskursa transplantologije. Polazimo od šireg shvaćanja pojave uokvirivanja od onog koje je općeprihvaćeno u literaturi te tvrdimo da se toj pojavi može pristupiti kao kontinuumu s dva pola: osobnom i institucionalnom. Ovaj se pristup kombinira s teorijom izglednosti unutar koje se postulira gubitno i dobitno uokvirivanje kao dvije strateške mogućnosti izbora. Kako bi bila svrsishodna, sredstva koja se rabe za uokvirivanje, kako pokazujemo na autentičnim materijalima, trebaju se prilagoditi odsječku kontinuuma na koji se može smjestiti određeni podtip diskursa. Iako je u kognitivno lingvističkoj literaturi naglasak gotovo uvijek na ulozi metafore u uokvirivanju diskursa, ističemo da i doprinos metonimije, u suradnji s metaforama, može biti od velikog značaja. Sredstva koja se rabe zauokvirivanje u javnim kampanjama kojima je cilj pridobivanje novih donora organa u pravilu se temelje na konceptualnoj metafori POKLONA. Pokazuje se da metaforička uporaba koncepta POKLONA kao globalnog izbora u institucijskim kontekstima nije učinkovita jer je preopćenita i neodređena a da bi mogla biti uvjerljiva na osobnom nivou, kao što se i može predvidjeti u okviru teorije oprimjerivanja. Spomenuta je metafora učinkovitija kada se prikladno prilagodi, kako pokazujemo na nekim primjerima kampanja koje su poduprte ili se temelje na metonimijskom prikazu različitih aspekata koji naglašavaju kvalitetu života nakon transplantacije
- Published
- 2020
12. Knocking on EU's door: on the changing and conflicting metaphorical images of Croatia in selected EU press.
- Author
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Werkmann, Ana and Buljan, Gabrijela
- Subjects
METAPHOR ,DISCOURSE analysis ,SOCIAL perception - Abstract
Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
13. Metaphor and metonymy in legal texts.
- Author
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Imamović, Adisa
- Subjects
METAPHOR ,METONYMS ,CONTRASTIVE linguistics - Abstract
Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
14. A cognitive analysis of the Bulgarian prepositions and verbal prefixes NAD and POD.
- Author
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Tchizmarova, Ivelina
- Subjects
COGNITIVE analysis ,PREPOSITIONS ,SUFFIXES & prefixes (Grammar) ,METAPHOR ,BULGARIAN language - Abstract
Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
15. Prefixes and prototypes: Contrasting the English verbal prefix un- and Bosnian raz–.
- Author
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Hanić, Jasmina
- Subjects
SUFFIXES & prefixes (Grammar) ,PROTOTYPE (Linguistics) ,ENGLISH language ,BOSNIAN language ,CATEGORIZATION (Linguistics) ,POLYSEMY ,METAPHOR ,METONYMS - Abstract
Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
16. Paremija u pisanoj javnoj komunikaciji u hrvatskome i engleskome jeziku.
- Author
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Molnar, Draženka and Erdeljić, Dubravka Vidaković
- Subjects
PROVERBS ,CROATIAN language ,ENGLISH language ,WRITTEN communication ,LINGUISTICS ,PRAGMATICS ,IRONY ,WIT & humor - Abstract
Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
17. Oprimjerenje kognitivne teorije kategorizacije japanskim jezikom.
- Author
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Matovac, Darko
- Subjects
CATEGORIZATION (Linguistics) ,COGNITION ,JAPANESE language ,LANGUAGE & languages ,METAPHOR ,METONYMS - Abstract
Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
18. Konceptualizacija PSIHIČKE NESTABILNOSTI u hrvatskome jeziku
- Author
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Ivana Čizmar
- Subjects
metafora ,metonimija ,predodžbene sheme ,kulturni modeli ,PSIHIČKA NESTABILNOST ,metaphor ,metonymy ,image schemata ,cultural models ,MENTAL INSTABILITY - Abstract
Ovaj članak istražuje na koji se način konceptualizira PSIHIČKA NESTABILNOST u hrvatskome jeziku unutar postavki kognitivne lingvistike: metaforom, metonimijom, predodžbenim shemama i kulturnim modelima. Metaforični su jezični izrazi podijeljeni u pet glavnih kategorija koje su temeljne u analizi motivacije. U analizi se posebno ističe kategorija GLAVE kao lokacija PSIHIČKE (NE)STABILNOSTI u kulturi zapadne tradicije (hrvatskome jeziku). U analizi se ističe i predodžbena shema RAVNOTEŽE, odnosno metonimijski odnos NERAVNOTEŽA ZA PSIHIČKU NESTABILNOST kao i NEPROTOTIPNO PONAŠANJE (kao posljedica PSHIČKE NESTABILNOSTI). Najveći se intenzitet PSIHIČKE NESTABILNOSTI pokazao metaforičnim jezičnim izrazima iz kategorije ČOVJEK., The present paper examines the conceptualization of MENTAL INSTABILITY in Croatian within the (following) postulates of Cognitive Lingustics: metaphor, metonymy, image schemata and cultural models. Metaphorical linguistic expressions are divided into five main categories that are fundamental in the analysis of motivation. In the analyses particularly noteworthy is the HEAD category as the location of MENTAL (IN)STABILITY in cultural model of Western tradition (Croatian language). The analysis highlights BALANCE image schemata, respectively metonymy IMBALANCE FOR MENTAL INSTABILITY as well as NON PROTOTYPICAL BEHAVIOUOR FOR MENTAL INSTABILITY (as a result/effect of MENTAL INSTABILITY). The highest intensity of MENTAL INSTABILITY is shown by the metaphorical linguistic expressions from PEOPLE (HUMAN) category.
- Published
- 2016
19. The language of information technology: Figurative use of computer terms
- Author
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Sanel Hadžiahmetović Jurida
- Subjects
information technology ,metaphor ,cognitive linguistics ,Netspeak ,informacijske tehnologije ,metafora ,kognitivna lingvistika - Abstract
The rapidly emerging terminology associated with the Internet and its use result in highly figurative use of the terminology in this domain (the Internet), and its supporting technology (the computers). The present paper takes a look at the figurative use of computer terms from a cognitive linguistics point of view, arguing the vocabulary of the language of information technology is created in a number of ways, including neologisation, derivation, blending, conversion, analogy to general language vocabulary, compression, etc., with metaphor being highly used in the language of information technology. The paper introduces the language of information technology and its accompanying features in the context of Netspeak as a new online medium of communication., Velik broj novonastalih termina povezanih s internetom i njihova uporaba rezultiraju izrazito figurativnom uporabom terminologije u ovoj domeni (internet), kao i u samoj tehnologiji koja joj služi kao podloga (računalo). U ovom se radu daje pregled određenog broja računalnih termina i njihove figurativne uporabe iz perspektive kognitivne lingvistike, gdje se vokabular jezika informacijske tehnologije kreira na više načina, uključujući neologizme, izvedenice, stapanje riječi, konverziju, analogiju s općim jezičnim vokabularom, kompresiju itd., s tim da metaforičko izražavanje zauzima vrlo važnu poziciju u jeziku informacijskih tehnologija. Rad daje uvod u taj jezik i njegova obilježja u kontekstu Netspeak-a kao novog medija online komunikacije.
- Published
- 2016
20. Knocking on EU’s door: On the changing and conflicting metaphorical images of Croatia in selected EU press
- Author
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Ana Werkmann and Gabrijela Buljan
- Subjects
metafora ,politički diskurs ,Hrvatska ,metaphor ,political discourse ,Croatia - Abstract
The goal of this paper is to analyze the metaphorical construal of Croatia’s EU accession in the political discourse of selected EU press. We first analyze the metaphorical expressions collected between 2001 and 2012 in the EU Observer, providing a stage-wise analysis of the concepts characterizing different segments of Croatia's EU journey. Next, we explore potential differences in the metaphorical EU discourse of two different EU states: Austria (Die Presse) and UK (The Guardian), the two countries that felt differently about Croatia’s EU-fitness, especially in 2005., Cilj je ovoga rada analizirati metaforičko poimanje Republike Hrvatske u političkom diskursu odabranih europskih medija tijekom različitih etapa njezina pristupanja Europskoj uniji. Najprije se analiziraju metaforički izrazi prikupljeni u listu EU Observer u razdoblju između 2001. i 2012., čime se popratio razvoj, odnosno promjene dijela metaforičkog profila Republike Hrvatske u različitim etapama integracijskog procesa. Potom su se nastojale utvrditi razlike u metaforičkom diskursu dviju zemalja članica Europske unije, Austrije (Die Presse) i Velike Britanije (The Guardian), koje su, posebice tijekom 2005., imale prilično različita stajališta o spremnosti Hrvatske za pristup Europskoj uniji.
- Published
- 2013
21. Metaphor and metonymy in legal texts
- Author
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Adisa Imamović
- Subjects
metaphor ,metonymy ,legal register ,contrastive analysis ,cognitive linguistics ,metafora ,metonimija ,pravni registar ,kontrastivna analiza ,kognitivna lingvistika - Abstract
Legal discourse has been studied so far by numerous linguists and legal experts. Linguistic studies have predominantly focused on stylistic elements of the legal register, such as morphological and syntactic features. Until recently the figurative nature of legal register and its great potential were completely disregarded by linguists. While legal experts realised the importance and power of metaphor and metonymy decades ago, linguists have been slow to follow. The aim of this paper is a contrastive analysis of conceptual metaphors and metonymies in the legislation systems of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the UK and the US. The metaphors and metonymies used in the analysis are collected from Higher Education Acts from these three countries., Pravnim diskursom do sada su se bavili brojni lingvisti i pravni stručnjaci. Lingvistička proučavanja uglavnom su se bavila stilskim elementima pravnog registra, kao što su morfološke i sintaktičke osobine. Donedavno su lingvisti potpuno zanemarivali velik potencijal figurativnog jezika u pravnom registru. Dok su pravni eksperti još prije više desetljeća uvidjeli značaj i moć metafore i metonimije, lingvisti su zaostajali za njima. Cilj je ovoga rada kontrastivna analiza konceptualnih metafora i metonimija u zakonodavstvu Bosne i Hercegovine, Velike Britanije i Sjedinjenih Država. U analizi su korištene metafore i metonimije prikupljene iz zakona o visokom obrazovanju u te tri države.
- Published
- 2013
22. A cognitive analysis of the Bulgarian prepositions and verbal prefixes NAD and POD
- Author
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Ivelina Tchizmarova
- Subjects
Bulgarian ,prepositions ,verbal prefixes ,NAD ,POD ,verticality ,cognitive ,meta-phor ,L2 learning and teaching ,bugarski ,prijedlozi ,glagolski prefiksi ,vertikalnost ,kognitivni pristup ,metafora ,usvajanje drugog jezika - Abstract
This paper analyzes the Bulgarian prepositions and verbal prefixes NAD and POD from a cogni-tive linguistic perspective. Their prototypical senses are presented as a trajector (TR) situated above or below a landmark (LM), an idealized cognitive model that is neutral with respect to vertical alignment and contact between the TR and LM. The networks of NAD and POD each exhibit a common semantic core stemming from the central spatial sense of each term, close connections between prefixes and prepositions, consistent spatial-metaphorical meaning shifts, and structural similarities between NAD and POD that are often opposites (which can be represented as reversed mirror images) of each other. Analyzing spatial terms such as NAD and POD in this way has explanatory power and the potential to help learners and teachers of Bul-garian see the connection between verticality and metaphor, make sense of the polysemy of these spatial terms, and learn or explain them more easily., Ovaj rad analizira bugarske prijedloge i glagolske prefikse NAD i POD iz kognitvnolingvističke perspektive. Prototipna značenja tih jedinica određena su kao trajektor (TR) smješten iznad ili ispod landmarka (LM). Taj idealizirani kognitivni model neutralan je u odnosu na neke de-talje vertikalnog odnosa i kontakt koji TR i LM ostvaruju ili ne ostvaruju. Jezgra značenjske mreže i za NAD i za POD povezana je s njihovim prostornim značenjem, bliskom značenjskom vezom prefiksa i prijedloga, konzistentnim prostorno-metaforičnim značenjskim pomacima te strukturalnim sličnostima NAD i POD koji su često suprotnost jedan drugome, te funkcioniraju kao izokrenuta slika u ogledalu jedan drugoga. Analiza prostornih čestica ovoga tipa ima pozitivan objasnidbeni učinak, te potencijal da bude od pomoći u kontekstima usvajanja jezika jer doprinosi uočavanju veza između vertikalne dimenzije i metafora, razumijevanju polisemije prostornih čestica, te njihovu lakšem objašnjavanju i učenju.
- Published
- 2012
23. Prefixes and prototypes: Contrasting the English verbal prefix un- and Bosnian raz
- Author
-
Jasmina Hanić
- Subjects
prefixes ,English ,Bosnian ,prototype theory ,category ,polysemy ,meaning ,sub-meaning ,meaning extensions ,metaphor ,metonymy ,prefiksi ,engleski jezik ,bosanski jezik ,teorija prototipova ,kategorije ,polisemija ,značenje ,podznačenje ,značenjske ekstenzije ,metafora ,metonimija - Abstract
Prefixation is traditionally studied and regarded as the process of word formation. However, in this paper we try to approach the issue of prefixation from a different perspective. This paper describes the semantic structure of the verbal prefix UN- in English and one of its Bosnian counterparts RAZ- within the theoretical and methodological framework of cognitive linguistics. The first part of the paper gives a brief theoretical account of relevant issues: categorization, prototype theory, and polysemy. The second part of the paper presents the analysis of semantic structure of the verbal prefix UN- in English and the verbal prefix RAZ- in Bosnian. In this paper, we will try to provide a cognitively based account of the meanings of the prefixes mentioned. The sub-meanings will also be given within a cognitive prototype model together with the meaning extensions which are achieved through the mechanisms of conceptual metaphor and metonymy., Prefiksacija se tradicionalno proučava kao proces tvorbe riječi. U ovom radu pokušavamo prefiksaciju proučavati iz druge perspektive. U prilogu se opisuje semantička struktura glagolskog prefiksa UN- u engleskom i njegovog bosanskog ekvivalenta RAZ- u okviru kognitivne lingvistike. U prvom se dijelu daje prikaz relevantnih teorijskih zasada: kategorizacije, teorije prototipova i polisemije. Drugi je dio analiza semantičke strukture engleskih glagola prefigiranih pomou UN- i bosanskih glagola prefigiranih pomoću RAZ-. Uz korištenje prototipnog modela razlikuje se niz glavnih značenja i podznačenja te prikazuje značenjske ekstenzije koje se temelje na konceptualnim metaforama i metonimijama.
- Published
- 2009
24. Paremija u pisanoj javnoj komunikaciji u hrvatskome i engleskome jeziku
- Author
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Draženka Molnar
- Subjects
paremija ,modifikacija ,pragmatički učinak ,metafora ,stilizacija ,pisana javna komunikacija ,proverb ,modification ,pragmatic effect ,stylization ,metaphor ,written public communication - Abstract
Poslovice su jezične minijature kojima se shematiziraju konkretna iskustva i izriču životne istine. S obzirom na njihovo porijeklo, za očekivati je da će se poslovice češće pojavljivati u usmenoj komunikaciji. Međutim, poslovice se i njihove modifikacije kao retoričko i sredstvo stilizacije vrlo često pojavljuju i u pisanim tekstovima. Cilj ovoga rada jest na korpusu koji će se sastojati od pisanih tekstova (novinskih izvješća i komentara, grafita, itd.) najprije istražiti u kakvim se vrstama tekstova pojavljuju izvorne i modificirane poslovice, tko su emitenti tih paremija, a zatim i kakav se pragmatički učinak njima želi postići. Naša je pretpostavka da će se poslovice i njihove modifikacije češće pojavljivati u komentarima kao sredstvo postizanja ironije, sarkazma i humornog učinka., Proverbs are miniature linguistic units which schematize concrete experiences and convey general truths. In view of their origin, they are expected to appear more often in oral rather than written communication. However, proverbs as well as their modifications, seem to feature as an increasingly common rhetorical and stylistic device in written texts. Working on a corpus comprising written texts (newspaper reports, comments, graffiti, etc.) we will primarily be concerned with establishing in what types of texts canonical and modified proverbs appear, who emits them and what is their pragmatic effect. We hypothesize that proverbs and their modifications will be more common in comments where they are used to achieve irony, sarcasm and humour.
- Published
- 2009
25. Oprimjerenje kognitivne teorije kategorizacije japanskim jezikom
- Author
-
Darko Matovac
- Subjects
japanski jezik ,brojač ,kognitivna kategorija ,prototip ,metafora ,metonimija ,shema ,višestruka motivacija ,značenjski lanci ,značenjski okvir ,društveni utjecaj ,Japanese language ,classifier ,cognitive category ,prototype ,metaphor ,metonymy ,schema, multiple motivation ,chaining structures ,meaning frame ,social influence - Abstract
Nakon uvodnog utvrđivanja teorijske razlike između tradicionalnog aristotelovskog i suvremenog kognitivnog poimanja procesa ljudske kategorizacije, te navođenja prednosti kognitivnog pristupa, autor u ovome radu na primjerima iz japanskoga jezika oprimjeruje mentalne procese prisutne u oblikovanju konceptualnih kategorija koje su preslikane na jezični materijal. Na primjerima se japanskih brojača objašnjavaju procesi koji uključuju konceptualnu metaforu i metonimiju, konvencionalne mentalne slike, transformaciju slike u shemu (shematizacija), višestruko temeljenu motivaciju te pojavu lančanog vezivanja (značenjski lanci). Također se primjerom konceptualne kategorije ja u japanskome jeziku prikazuje sposobnost utjecaja društva i kulture da nametnu značenjski okvir unutar kojega će se određena kategorija upotrebljavati., After an introduction to theoretical distinctions between traditional Aristotelian and contemporary cognitive approach to the process of human categorization, and a demonstration of the advantages of the cognitive approach, the paper goes on to discuss Japanese data which exemplify mental processes underlying the formation of conceptual categories and their mapping onto linguistic structures. Japanese classifiers are discussed in the context of cognitive phenomena such as conceptual metaphor and metonymy, conventional mental images, imageschema transformation, multiple motivation, and the phenomenon of chaining structures. The final section discusses the conceptual category self in Japanese, specifically the ability of society and culture to impose a meaning frame within which a given category will be used.
- Published
- 2007
26. Limitations on metonymic uses of –ion nominalizations
- Author
-
Adisa Imamović
- Subjects
nominalization ,metonymy ,metaphor ,referentiality ,transitivity ,nominalizacija ,metonimija ,metafora ,referencijalnost ,prijelaznost - Abstract
This paper examines the polysemy of English nominalizations ending in the suffix -ion explaining it by metaphorical and metonymic extensions of the central meaning. The central meaning of -ion nominalizations is ‘the action of V-ing’. Nominalizatons in -ion are abstract action nominalizations. Due to various metaphorical and metonymic processes, they can be used to refer to people, objects, places and time of the action, as well as to emotions. This study shows that metonymic use of -ion nominalizations is limited. Nominalizations of verbs which code the events close to the transitive prototype cannot be used metonymically. Only the nominalizations of actions in which the Patient is not drastically visibly affected by a momentary action of a volitional acting Agent can have metonymic use. Even the ones which can be used metonymically do not have equal status. Some can be used both referentially and predicatively, while others can have only predicative use., U ovom se radu razmatra polisemija engleskih nominalizacija koje završavaju na sufiks -ion, i objašnjava se metaforičkim i metonimijskim proširenjima središnjega značenja. Središnje je značenje nominalizacija sa sufiksom -ion ‘obavljanje radnje izraženje glagolom’. Nominalizacije sa sufiksom -ion su apstraktne nominalizacije radnje. Zahvaljujući raznim metaforičkim i metonimijskim procesima, one se mogu koristiti kako bi se referiralo na ljude, predmete, mjesto i vrijeme radnje, kao i na emocije. U ovom se radu pokazuje da je metonimijska poraba nominalizacija sa sufiksom -ion ograničena. Nominalizacije glagola koji kodiraju događaje bliske tranzitivnom prototipu ne mogu se koristiti metonimijski. Samo nominalizacije radnji u kojima Pacijens nije drastično vidljivo promijenjen trenutačnom radnjom Agensa mogu imati metonimijsku upotrebu. Čak i one koje se mogu koristiti metonimijski nemaju isti status. Neke se mogu korisititi i referencijalno i predikativno, dok druge mogu imati samo predikativnu porabu.
- Published
- 2006
27. On the cognitive status of mental spaces and of some types of metonymy within Conceptual Integration Theory
- Author
-
Branimir Belaj
- Subjects
temeljni model konceptualne integracije ,ulazni prostori ,generički prostor ,blend ,elementi mentalnih prostora ,defokusirani, istaknuti i fokalni mentalni prostori ,predulazni prostori ,metafora ,metonimija ,basic model of conceptual integration ,input spaces ,generic space ,elements of mental spaces ,defocused, highlighted and focal mental spaces ,pre-input spaces ,pre-target space ,metaphor ,metonymy - Abstract
In the light of the automatic nature of the process of conceptual integration we examine the cognitive-conceptual status of the four types of mental spaces and their elements: the input spaces, the generic space and the blend. On the basis of the differences obtaining between the four types of mental spaces we divide them into defocused, highlighted and focal mental spaces. We further discuss the place and manner of intepretation of two basic types of metonymy in the context of blending theory and propose the introduction of a fifth mental space where such metonymies would be interpreted, namely the pre-input spaces in the case of nonmetaphoric counterfactuals, or the pre-target space when metonymy operates within a metaphoric utterance., U svjetlu trenutnosti procesa konceptualne integracije kritički se pristupa kognitivnokonceptualnom status četiriju vrsta mentalnih prostora i njihovih elemenata: ulaznih prostora, generičkoga prostora te blenda, a u skladu s razlikama među njima dijele se na defokusirane, istaknute i fokalne mentalne prostore. Također se raspravlja i o mjestu i načinu interpretacije nekih tipova metonimije u kontekstu te teorije i predlaže se uvođenje petoga mentalnog prostora - predulaznoga prostora ukoliko je riječ o protučinjeničnom iskazu, odnosno predizvornoga i predciljnoga prostora ukoliko se radi o djelovanju metonimije unutar metaforičkoga iskaza, kao mjesta njihove interpretacije.
- Published
- 2005
28. Mappings in conceptual space: Metonymy, metaphor, and iconicity in two signed languages
- Author
-
Sherman Wilcox, Phyllis Perrin Wilcox, and Maria Josep Jarque
- Subjects
signed languages ,metonymy ,metaphor ,iconicity ,gesture ,znakovni jezici gluhonijemih ,metonimija ,metafora ,ikoničnost ,gesta - Abstract
In this paper we present lexical data documenting the interaction of metonymy, metaphor, and iconicity in two signed languages, American Sign Language (ASL) and Catalan Sign Language (LSC). The basis of our analysis is the recognition that metonymy, metaphor, and iconicity all represent mappings across domains within a conceptual system. This framework also permits us to incorporate the form of signs, their phonological pole, as a region in conceptual space. The data examined exemplify several basic metonymies such as ACTION FOR INSTRUMENT and PROTOTYPICAL ACTION FOR ACTIVITY. We also examine cases in which gesture plays a role in metonymy. One area in which metonymy is quite extensively used in signed languages is in the creation of name signs. We explore various types of name signs and the metonymies involved in each. Finally, we examine two case studies of the complex interaction of metonymy, metaphor, and iconicity: the ASL epithet THINKHEARING, and the LSC signs expressing the acquisition of ideas as IDEAS ARE LIQUID and knowledge as MIND IS A TORSO. We conclude that the deep interplay of metonymy, metaphor, and iconicity, as well as their cultural contextuality, requires that they be understood as conceptual space mappings., U prilogu prikazujemo leksičke podatke koji dokumentiraju međudjelovanje metonimije, metafore i ikoničnosti u dvama znakovnim jezicima, Američkom znakovnom jeziku (American Sign Language, ASL) te Katalanskom znakovnom jeziku (LSC). Analiza se temelji na uvidu da metonimija, metafora i ikoničnost predstavljaju preslikavanje u domene unutar konceptualnog prostora. Ovaj nam okvir omogućuje da smjestimo oblik znakova, njihov fonološki pol, kao regiju u koncpetualni prostor. Podaci koji se analiziraju oprimjeruju nekoliko temeljnih metonimija poput RADNJA UMJESTO INSTRUMENTA ili PROTOTIPINA RADNJA UMJESTO AKTIVNOSTI. Također ispitujemo slučajeve u kojima gesta ima neku ulogu u metonimijskom preslikavanju. Jedno je od područja u kojima se metonimija obilato rabi u jezicima nastanak znakova za imena. Ispitujemo različite tipove takvih znakova i metonimije koje su pri tome djelatne. Naposljetku, prikazujemo dva slučaja složenog međudjelovanja metonimije, metafore i ikoničnosti: epitet THINK-HEARING u Američkom znakovnom jeziku te znakove u Katalanskom znakovnom jeziku koji izražavaju razumijevanje ideja pomoću metafore IDEJE SU TEKUĆINE, te znanja putem metafore UM JE TORZO. Zaključuje se da tijesno međudjelovanje metonimije, metafore i ikoničnosti, kao i njihova kulturna kontekstualizacija govori u prilog njihovog shvaćanja kao preslikavanja u konceptualnim prostorima.
- Published
- 2003
29. Non-literal and non-metaphorical uses of Danish komme ‘come’: A case study
- Author
-
Katalin Fenyvesi-Jobbágy
- Subjects
metafora ,metonimija ,doslovno značenje ,lingivističko značenje ,metaphor ,metonymy ,literal meaning ,linguistic meaning - Abstract
Drawing the borderline between literal, metonymical and metaphorical uses of lexical units is by no means a trivial enterprise and a number of attempts have been made to establish intermediate categories between these. Opinions seem to be divided on how the literal meaning of lexical items can be determined, and on how to separate metaphorical uses of lexical items from nonmetaphorical ones. However there seem to exist uses of lexical items that fall between these two categories. The present article concentrates on such uses of the Danish verb komme ’come’ and discusses whether the notion of metonymy is appropriate to characterise these. It is assumed that every lexical item has its own linguistic meaning which consists of the elements of the particular conceptual domain or an idealized cognitive model (ICM) that the lexical unit belongs to – in this case the motion-ICM. The ICM has some obligatory elements and it can have non-obligatory elements. The literal use of the lexical item must contain all the obligatory elements of the ICM it belongs to, and additionally some other elements – from the non-obligatory elements of the ICM – which define them in relation to other lexical items belonging to the same ICM. Which additional element(s) belong to its literal meaning beside the obligatory elements of the ICM, must be determined for every lexical item separately. Metaphorical uses are derived through mapping the ICM the item belongs to on another, usually more abstract ICM. The most fundamental elements of the item’s linguistic meaning – in our case motion and moving object – are missing in the metaphorical uses. Beside literal and metaphorical uses there are several uses of lexical items that do not fall in either of these categories. These can be regarded as metonymical if the notion of metonymy is interpreted wider than traditionally, that is stating that metonymical uses of the lexical unit can be derived from the literal meaning through taking away from or adding to its elements., Razlučivanje doslovne, metaforičke i metonimijske porabe leksičkih jedinica nije trivijalan poduhvat, a bilježimo više pokušaja u literaturi da se uspostave međukategorije. Podijeljena su mišljenja o tome kako odrediti doslovno značenje leksema te kako odvojiti metaforička značenja od nemetaforičkih. Čini se da postoje i neka značenja leksema koja bi bila između tih dviju mogućnosti. U ovom se prilogu proučavaju takve porabe danskog glagola komme ‘doći’ te razmatra podobnost metonimije u njihovoj karakterizaciji. Polazi se od toga da svaki leksem ima svoje vlastito lingvističko značenje koje sadrži elemente određene konceptualne domene ili idealiziranog kognitivnog modela (IKM) kojemu leksem pripada – u ovom slučaju IKM-u kretanja. IKM sadrži neke obvezne elemente, ali tu mogu biti i neobvezni elementi. Pri doslovnoj porabi leksičke jedinice moraju biti prisutni svi obvezni elementi IKM-a kojemu pripada te neki dodatni elementi koji imaju razlikovnu ulogu prema drugim leksemima koji spadaju u isti IKM. Za svaki leksem mora se posebno definirati koji dodatni elementi spadaju u doslovno značenje pored obveznih elemenata. Metaforičke porabe nastaju preslikavanjima IKM-a kojemu leksem pripada na neki drugi IKM, obično neki apstraktniji model. U metaforičkoj porabi nedostaju najtemeljniji elementi lingvističkog značenja – u našem slučaju element kretanja i objekt koji se kreće. Pored doslovne i metaforičke porabe glagola komme, nalazimo i nekoliko poraba koje ne spadaju ni u jednu od tih dviju kategorija. One se mogu smatrati metonimijama ako prihvatimo određenje metonimije koje je nešto šire od tradicionalnog, tj. ako pretpostavimo da do metonimijske porabe može doći izostavljanjem ili dodavanjem elemenata.
- Published
- 2003
30. O poredbenom frazemu u engleskom i hrvatskom jeziku
- Author
-
Marija Omazić
- Subjects
idioms of comparison ,simile ,metonymy ,metaphor ,variation ,modification ,poredbeni frazem ,poredba ,metafora ,metonimija ,varijacije ,modifikacije - Abstract
Istraživanje prezentirano u ovom radu analiza je poredbenih frazema u engleskom i hrvatskom jeziku. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi odnose između poredbenih frazema, poredbi, metafora i metonimija, karakteristike i strukturu poredbenih frazema, te identificirati specifična svojstva i tipove poredbenih frazema analizom korpusa engleskih i hrvatskih poredbenih frazema. Posebno se razmatraju primjeri varijacije i modifikacije, leksički sastav i leksički odnosi između poredbenih frazema, neizravno izricanje negacije i intenzifikacija značenja, upotreba i stilska obilježja, te mehanizmi koji ravnaju tvorbom poredbenih frazema., The study reported in this paper examines idioms of comparison in English and Croatian. In particular, it investigates the relationship between idioms of comparison (IOC), similes, metaphors and metonymies, and characteristics and structure of IOCs. Moreover, it discusses specific features and types of IOCs that were observed when contrasting sets of English and Croatian expressions. Special attention is paid to variations and modifications of canonical forms of IOCs. Other issues addressed include lexical relationships between IOCs, expressions for indirect negation, expressions for positive and negative evaluation, and meaning intensification, use and stylistic features of IOCs, mechanisms underlying the formation of IOCs and, finally, their lexical composition.
- Published
- 2002
31. Metaphors are events, not objects
- Author
-
Frank Brisard
- Subjects
mentalni leksikon ,metafora ,modularnost ,pragmatika ,semantička obrada ,mental lexicon ,metaphor ,modularity ,pragmatics ,semantic processing - Abstract
This paper discusses the tension that exists between linguistic and psychological approaches to metaphor. It aims to demonstrate that interdisciplinary efforts are probably not all of equal value when it comes to serving the ends of any individual discipline. In the case of psychological research on metaphor, such interdisciplinarity may in fact be limited to a heuristic relation, in which linguistics offers useful constraints in defining an object of study that should allow psycholinguists to pursue their own general goal of mapping the architecture of the language processor. Thus, it may well be that the existing division of labor, between linguistics and psycholinguistics, that holds for the study of metaphor is a principled, instead of a merely contingent, reality. The paper’s argumentation for this starts from the observation that the psycholinguistic study of meaning phenomena in natural language is being increasingly marked by a quasi-exclusive focus on properties of the brain, as the seat of the mental lexicon, and not on the interpreter holding that brain. I concentrate on methodological difficulties conjured up by the “heteronomic” aspect of metaphor understanding, as well as on theoretical problems with defining metaphor as an object of study in diverging disciplines., U članku se raspravlja o sukobu lingvističkog i psihološkog pristupa metafori. Cilj je pokazati da svi interdisciplinarni napori ne donose jednaku korist gledaju li se ciljevi pojedinih disciplina. U slučaju psihološkog istraživanja metafore interdisciplinarnost se zapravo svodi na heuristički odnos, tj. lingvist ustanovljava parametre korisne pri definiranju predmeta proučavanja te tako omogućuje psiholingvistu da se približi svom općenitom cilju, proučavanju arhitekture jezičnog procesora. Iz toga slijedi da je postojeća podjela rada između lingvistike i psiholingvistike nužna realnost, a ne slučajnost. U prilogu se u argumentaciji polazi od opažanja da proučavanje semantičkih aspekata prirodnih jezika sve više i više karakterizira navodno sužavanje pažnje isključivo na osobine mozga kao sjedišta mentalnog leksikona, te tako isključuje interpretativnu moć jedinke u čijem je sklopu taj mozak. Posebna se pažnja posvećuje metodološkim problemima do koji dovodi heteronomni aspekt razumijevanja metafore, kao i teoretskim problemima pri definiciji metafore kao predmeta proučavanja u divergentnim disciplinama.
- Published
- 2002
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