19 results
Search Results
2. Expanding Personalized, Data-Driven Dermatology: Leveraging Digital Health Technology and Machine Learning to Improve Patient Outcomes
- Author
-
Wongvibulsin, Shannon, Frech, Tracy M, Chren, Mary-Margaret, and Tkaczyk, Eric R
- Subjects
Health Services and Systems ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) ,Clinical Research ,Generic health relevance ,Good Health and Well Being ,AAD ,American Academy of Dermatology ,NIH ,National Institutes of Health ,PRO ,patient-reported outcome ,cGVHD ,chronic graft-versus-host disease - Abstract
The current revolution of digital health technology and machine learning offers enormous potential to improve patient care. Nevertheless, it is essential to recognize that dermatology requires an approach different from those of other specialties. For many dermatological conditions, there is a lack of standardized methodology for quantitatively tracking disease progression and treatment response (clinimetrics). Furthermore, dermatological diseases impact patients in complex ways, some of which can be measured only through patient reports (psychometrics). New tools using digital health technology (e.g., smartphone applications, wearable devices) can aid in capturing both clinimetric and psychometric variables over time. With these data, machine learning can inform efforts to improve health care by, for example, the identification of high-risk patient groups, optimization of treatment strategies, and prediction of disease outcomes. We use the term personalized, data-driven dermatology to refer to the use of comprehensive data to inform individual patient care and improve patient outcomes. In this paper, we provide a framework that includes data from multiple sources, leverages digital health technology, and uses machine learning. Although this framework is applicable broadly to dermatological conditions, we use the example of a serious inflammatory skin condition, chronic cutaneous graft-versus-host disease, to illustrate personalized, data-driven dermatology.
- Published
- 2022
3. T-Cell Adhesion in Healthy and Inflamed Skin
- Author
-
Moreau, Joshua M, Gouirand, Victoire, and Rosenblum, Michael D
- Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Underpinning research ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Skin ,Inflammatory and immune system ,AD ,atopic dermatitis ,BM ,basement membrane ,DC ,dendritic cell ,DETC ,dendritic epidermal γδ T cell ,ECM ,extracellular matrix ,HF ,hair follicle ,JC ,John Cunningham ,LAD ,leukocyte adhesion deficiency ,PML ,progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ,Th ,T helper ,Treg ,regulatory T cell ,Trm ,tissue-resident memory - Abstract
The diverse populations of tissue-resident and transitory T cells present in the skin share a common functional need to enter, traverse, and interact with their environment. These processes are largely dependent on the regulated expression of adhesion molecules, such as selectins and integrins, which mediate bidirectional interactions between immune cells and skin stroma. Dysregulation and engagement of adhesion pathways contribute to ectopic T-cell activity in tissues, leading to the initiation and/or exacerbation of chronic inflammation. In this paper, we review how the molecular interactions supported by adhesion pathways contribute to T-cell dynamics and function in the skin. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning T-cell adhesion in inflammatory skin disorders will facilitate the development of novel tissue-specific therapeutic strategies.
- Published
- 2021
4. The Use of Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing and Spatial Transcriptomics in Understanding the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Skin Diseases
- Author
-
Aubrey E. Houser, Abiha Kazmi, Arjun K. Nair, and Andrew L. Ji
- Subjects
Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
The development of multiomic profiling tools has rapidly expanded in recent years, along with their use in profiling skin tissues in various contexts, including dermatologic diseases. Among these tools, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) have emerged as widely adopted and powerful assays for elucidating key cellular components and their spatial arrangement within skin disease. In this paper, we review the recent biological insights gained from the use of scRNA-seq and ST and the advantages of combining both for profiling skin diseases, including aberrant wound healing, inflammatory skin diseases, and cancer. We discuss the role of scRNA-seq and ST in improving skin disease treatments and moving toward the goal of achieving precision medicine in dermatology, whereby patients can be optimally matched to treatments that maximize therapeutic response.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The Use of Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing and Spatial Transcriptomics in Understanding the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Skin Diseases
- Author
-
Houser, Aubrey E., Kazmi, Abiha, Nair, Arjun K., and Ji, Andrew L.
- Abstract
The development of multiomic profiling tools has rapidly expanded in recent years, along with their use in profiling skin tissues in various contexts, including dermatologic diseases. Among these tools, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) have emerged as widely adopted and powerful assays for elucidating key cellular components and their spatial arrangement within skin disease. In this paper, we review the recent biological insights gained from the use of scRNA-seq and ST and the advantages of combining both for profiling skin diseases, including aberrant wound healing, inflammatory skin diseases, and cancer. We discuss the role of scRNA-seq and ST in improving skin disease treatments and moving toward the goal of achieving precision medicine in dermatology, whereby patients can be optimally matched to treatments that maximize therapeutic response.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. New Insights into Melanoma Tumor Syndromes
- Author
-
Sarem Rashid, Sameer Gupta, Shelley R. McCormick, and Hensin Tsao
- Subjects
Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
Melanoma tumor syndromes (MTS) represent an important minority of familial melanoma cases. In these patients, the accumulation of sequence alterations in essential genes may prelude the risk of internal malignancies, in addition to melanoma. Although several host and environmental factors have been implicated in familial melanoma, the exact mechanisms of cancer predisposition—particularly in the context of mixed cancer syndromes—still remain unclear. In this paper, we review new insights into MTS and elucidate recent efforts that guide individualized prognostication and treatment for these diseases in the past quarter century.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. New Insights into Melanoma Tumor Syndromes
- Author
-
Rashid, Sarem, Gupta, Sameer, McCormick, Shelley R., and Tsao, Hensin
- Abstract
Melanoma tumor syndromes (MTS) represent an important minority of familial melanoma cases. In these patients, the accumulation of sequence alterations in essential genes may prelude the risk of internal malignancies, in addition to melanoma. Although several host and environmental factors have been implicated in familial melanoma, the exact mechanisms of cancer predisposition—particularly in the context of mixed cancer syndromes—still remain unclear. In this paper, we review new insights into MTS and elucidate recent efforts that guide individualized prognostication and treatment for these diseases in the past quarter century.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Expanding Personalized, Data-Driven Dermatology: Leveraging Digital Health Technology and Machine Learning to Improve Patient Outcomes
- Author
-
Shannon Wongvibulsin, Tracy M. Frech, Mary-Margaret Chren, and Eric R. Tkaczyk
- Subjects
Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
The current revolution of digital health technology and machine learning offers enormous potential to improve patient care. Nevertheless, it is essential to recognize that dermatology requires an approach different from those of other specialties. For many dermatological conditions, there is a lack of standardized methodology for quantitatively tracking disease progression and treatment response (clinimetrics). Furthermore, dermatological diseases impact patients in complex ways, some of which can be measured only through patient reports (psychometrics). New tools using digital health technology (e.g., smartphone applications, wearable devices) can aid in capturing both clinimetric and psychometric variables over time. With these data, machine learning can inform efforts to improve health care by, for example, the identification of high-risk patient groups, optimization of treatment strategies, and prediction of disease outcomes. We use the term personalized, data-driven dermatology to refer to the use of comprehensive data to inform individual patient care and improve patient outcomes. In this paper, we provide a framework that includes data from multiple sources, leverages digital health technology, and uses machine learning. Although this framework is applicable broadly to dermatological conditions, we use the example of a serious inflammatory skin condition, chronic cutaneous graft-versus-host disease, to illustrate personalized, data-driven dermatology.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Frontiers in Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Research: Pathobiology Progress and Translational Horizons
- Author
-
Maryanne Makredes Senna, Erik Peterson, Ivan Jozic, Jérémy Chéret, and Ralf Paus
- Subjects
Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
Lichen planopilaris (LPP) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) are primary, lymphocytic cicatricial hair loss disorders. These model epithelial stem cell (SC) diseases are thought to result from a CD8+ T-cell‒dominated immune attack on the hair follicle (HF) SC niche (bulge) after the latter has lost its immune privilege (IP) for as yet unknown reasons. This induces both apoptosis and pathological epithelial‒mesenchymal transition in epithelial SCs, thus depletes the bulge, causes fibrosis, and ultimately abrogates the HFs’ capacity to regenerate. In this paper, we synthesize recent progress in LPP and FFA pathobiology research, integrate our limited current understanding of the roles that genetic, hormonal, environmental, and other factors may play, and define major open questions. We propose that LPP and FFA share a common initial pathobiology, which then bifurcates into two distinct clinical phenotypes, with macrophages possibly playing a key role in phenotype determination. As particularly promising translational research avenues toward direly needed progress in the management of these disfiguring, deeply distressful cicatricial alopecia variants, we advocate to focus on the development of bulge IP and epithelial SC protectants such as, for example, topically effective, HF‒penetrating and immunoinhibitory preparations that contain tacrolimus, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ, and/or CB1 agonists.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Training Physician‒Scientists for Careers in Investigative Dermatology
- Author
-
Stephen Li, Kim B. Yancey, Ponciano D. Cruz, Jr., and Lu Q. Le
- Subjects
Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
Physician‒scientists have made countless discoveries, and their dwindling numbers are a significant concern. Although dermatology has become an increasingly popular destination for physician‒scientist trainees, the proportion of trainees who pursue scientific research careers after training is among the lowest of all medical specialties. To investigate this problem, we surveyed a national cohort of dermatology educators, physician‒scientist track program directors, and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases T32 directors for opinions regarding physician‒scientist training in dermatology. On the basis of these findings and to help address the issue, we propose a training practicum and provide a resource for funding opportunities to help guide trainees and institutions interested in supporting investigative dermatologists. We also discuss the important roles of department chairs and institutions in fashioning an environment conducive to physician‒scientist training. The information and recommendations provided in this paper may help to improve the recruitment, training, development, and retention of investigative dermatologists and future leaders in this field.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A Sensitization-Free Dimethyl Fumarate Prodrug, Isosorbide Di-(Methyl Fumarate), Provides a Topical Treatment Candidate for Psoriasis
- Author
-
Krzysztof Bojanowski, Collins U. Ibeji, Parvesh Singh, William R. Swindell, and Ratan K. Chaudhuri
- Subjects
Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an effective oral treatment for psoriasis administered in Europe for nearly 60 years. However, its potential has been limited by contact dermatitis that prohibits topical application. This paper characterizes a DMF derivative, isosorbide DMF (IDMF), which was designed to have antipsoriatic effects without skin-sensitizing properties. We show that IDMF exhibits neither genotoxicity nor radiation sensitivity in skin fibroblasts and is nonirritating and nonsensitizing in animal models (rat, rabbit, guinea pig). Microarray analysis of cytokine-stimulated keratinocytes showed that IDMF represses the expression of genes specifically upregulated in psoriatic skin lesions but not those of other skin diseases. IDMF also downregulated genes induced by IL-17A and TNF in keratinocytes as well as predicted targets of NF-κB and the antidifferentiation noncoding RNA (i.e., ANCR). IDMF further stimulated the transcription of oxidative stress response genes (NQO1, GPX2, GSR) with stronger NRF2/ARE activation compared to DMF. Finally, IDMF reduced erythema and scaling while repressing the expression of immune response genes in psoriasiform lesions elicited by topical application of imiquimod in mice. These data show that IDMF exhibits antipsoriatic activity that is similar or improved compared with that exhibited by DMF, without the harsh skin-sensitizing effects that have prevented topical delivery of the parent molecule.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Frontiers in Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Research: Pathobiology Progress and Translational Horizons
- Author
-
Senna, Maryanne Makredes, Peterson, Erik, Jozic, Ivan, Chéret, Jérémy, and Paus, Ralf
- Abstract
Lichen planopilaris (LPP) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) are primary, lymphocytic cicatricial hair loss disorders. These model epithelial stem cell (SC) diseases are thought to result from a CD8+T-cell‒dominated immune attack on the hair follicle (HF) SC niche (bulge) after the latter has lost its immune privilege (IP) for as yet unknown reasons. This induces both apoptosis and pathological epithelial‒mesenchymal transition in epithelial SCs, thus depletes the bulge, causes fibrosis, and ultimately abrogates the HFs’ capacity to regenerate. In this paper, we synthesize recent progress in LPP and FFA pathobiology research, integrate our limited current understanding of the roles that genetic, hormonal, environmental, and other factors may play, and define major open questions. We propose that LPP and FFA share a common initial pathobiology, which then bifurcates into two distinct clinical phenotypes, with macrophages possibly playing a key role in phenotype determination. As particularly promising translational research avenues toward direly needed progress in the management of these disfiguring, deeply distressful cicatricial alopecia variants, we advocate to focus on the development of bulge IP and epithelial SC protectants such as, for example, topically effective, HF‒penetrating and immunoinhibitory preparations that contain tacrolimus, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ, and/or CB1 agonists.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Two SMARCAD1 Variants Causing Basan Syndrome in a Canadian and a Dutch Family
- Author
-
Youssef Elhaji, Tessa M.A. van Henten, Claudia A.L. Ruivenkamp, Mathew Nightingale, Gijs WE Santen, Lydia E. Vos, and Peter R. Hull
- Subjects
Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
Basan syndrome is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by congenital adermatoglyphia, transient congenital facial milia, neonatal acral bullae, and absent or reduced sweating. Basan syndrome is rare and has been reported in only 10 kindreds worldwide. It is caused by variants in the skin-specific isoform of SMARCAD1, which starts with an alternative exon 1. All reported variants, except for one large deletion, are point mutations within the donor splice site of the alternative exon 1. In this paper, we report two families with Basan syndrome and describe two SMARCAD1 variants. In one family, we have identified a complex structural variant (a deletion and a nontandem inverted duplication) using whole-genome optical mapping and whole-genome sequencing. Although this variant results in the removal of the first nine exons of SMARCAD1 and exon 1 of the skin-specific isoform, it manifested in the typical Basan phenotype. This suggests that unlike the skin-specific isoform, a single copy of full-length SMARCAD1 is sufficient for its respective function. In the second family, whole-exome sequencing revealed a deletion of 12 base pairs spanning the exon‒intron junction of the alternative exon 1 of the skin-specific SMARCAD1 isoform. In conclusion, we report two additional families with Basan syndrome and describe two SMARCAD1 pathogenic variants.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. T-Cell Adhesion in Healthy and Inflamed Skin
- Author
-
Joshua M. Moreau, Victoire Gouirand, and Michael D. Rosenblum
- Subjects
Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
The diverse populations of tissue-resident and transitory T cells present in the skin share a common functional need to enter, traverse, and interact with their environment. These processes are largely dependent on the regulated expression of adhesion molecules, such as selectins and integrins, which mediate bidirectional interactions between immune cells and skin stroma. Dysregulation and engagement of adhesion pathways contribute to ectopic T-cell activity in tissues, leading to the initiation and/or exacerbation of chronic inflammation. In this paper, we review how the molecular interactions supported by adhesion pathways contribute to T-cell dynamics and function in the skin. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning T-cell adhesion in inflammatory skin disorders will facilitate the development of novel tissue-specific therapeutic strategies.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Training Physician‒Scientists for Careers in Investigative Dermatology
- Author
-
Li, Stephen, Yancey, Kim B., Cruz, Ponciano D., and Le, Lu Q.
- Abstract
Physician‒scientists have made countless discoveries, and their dwindling numbers are a significant concern. Although dermatology has become an increasingly popular destination for physician‒scientist trainees, the proportion of trainees who pursue scientific research careers after training is among the lowest of all medical specialties. To investigate this problem, we surveyed a national cohort of dermatology educators, physician‒scientist track program directors, and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases T32 directors for opinions regarding physician‒scientist training in dermatology. On the basis of these findings and to help address the issue, we propose a training practicum and provide a resource for funding opportunities to help guide trainees and institutions interested in supporting investigative dermatologists. We also discuss the important roles of department chairs and institutions in fashioning an environment conducive to physician‒scientist training. The information and recommendations provided in this paper may help to improve the recruitment, training, development, and retention of investigative dermatologists and future leaders in this field.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Two SMARCAD1Variants Causing Basan Syndrome in a Canadian and a Dutch Family
- Author
-
Elhaji, Youssef, van Henten, Tessa M.A., Ruivenkamp, Claudia A.L., Nightingale, Mathew, Santen, Gijs WE, Vos, Lydia E., and Hull, Peter R.
- Abstract
Basan syndrome is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by congenital adermatoglyphia, transient congenital facial milia, neonatal acral bullae, and absent or reduced sweating. Basan syndrome is rare and has been reported in only 10 kindreds worldwide. It is caused by variants in the skin-specific isoform of SMARCAD1,which starts with an alternative exon 1. All reported variants, except for one large deletion, are point mutations within the donor splice site of the alternative exon 1. In this paper, we report two families with Basan syndrome and describe two SMARCAD1variants. In one family, we have identified a complex structural variant (a deletion and a nontandem inverted duplication) using whole-genome optical mapping and whole-genome sequencing. Although this variant results in the removal of the first nine exons of SMARCAD1and exon 1 of the skin-specific isoform, it manifested in the typical Basan phenotype. This suggests that unlike the skin-specific isoform, a single copy of full-length SMARCAD1is sufficient for its respective function. In the second family, whole-exome sequencing revealed a deletion of 12 base pairs spanning the exon‒intron junction of the alternative exon 1 of the skin-specific SMARCAD1isoform. In conclusion, we report two additional families with Basan syndrome and describe two SMARCAD1pathogenic variants.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. A sensitization-free dimethyl fumarate (DMF) pro-drug, isosorbide di-(methyl fumarate) (IDMF), provides a topical treatment candidate for psoriasis
- Author
-
Bojanowski, Krzysztof, Ibeji, Collins U., Singh, Parvesh, Swindell, William R., and Chaudhuri, Ratan K.
- Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an effective oral treatment for psoriasis administered in Europe for nearly 60 years. Its potential, however, has been limited by contact dermatitis that prohibits topical application. This paper characterizes a DMF derivative, isosorbide di-(methyl fumarate) (IDMF), which was designed to have anti-psoriatic effects without skin-sensitizing properties. We show that IDMF exhibits neither genotoxicity nor radiation sensitivity in skin fibroblasts and is non-irritating and non-sensitizing in animal models (rat, rabbit, guinea pig). Microarray analysis of cytokine-stimulated keratinocytes showed that IDMF represses the expression of genes specifically up-regulated in psoriatic skin lesions but not those of other skin diseases. IDMF also down-regulated genes induced by IL-17A and TNF in keratinocytes, as well as predicted targets of NF-κB and the anti-differentiation ncRNA (ANCR). IDMF further stimulated transcription of oxidative stress response genes (NQO1, GPX2, GSR) with stronger Nrf2/ARE activation compared to DMF. Finally, IDMF reduced erythema and scaling while repressing expression of immune response genes in psoriasiform lesions elicited by topical application of imiquimod in mice. These data demonstrate that IDMF exbibits anti-psoriatic activity that is similar or improved compared to DMF, without the harsh skin-sensitizing effects that have prevented topical delivery of the parent molecule. [197 words]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Two SMARCAD1 Variants Causing Basan Syndrome in a Canadian and a Dutch Family
- Author
-
Lydia E. Vos, Gijs W. E. Santen, Claudia A. L. Ruivenkamp, Youssef Elhaji, Tessa M.A. van Henten, Peter R. Hull, and Mathew Nightingale
- Subjects
Genetics ,Gene isoform ,Point mutation ,Genodermatosis ,Structural variant ,Dermatology ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Phenotype ,Exon ,BASAN SYNDROME ,Adermatoglyphia ,RL1-803 ,medicine ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
Basan syndrome is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by congenital adermatoglyphia, transient congenital facial milia, neonatal acral bullae, and absent or reduced sweating. Basan syndrome is rare and has been reported in only 10 kindreds worldwide. It is caused by variants in the skin-specific isoform of SMARCAD1, which starts with an alternative exon 1. All reported variants, except for one large deletion, are point mutations within the donor splice site of the alternative exon 1. In this paper, we report two families with Basan syndrome and describe two SMARCAD1 variants. In one family, we have identified a complex structural variant (a deletion and a nontandem inverted duplication) using whole-genome optical mapping and whole-genome sequencing. Although this variant results in the removal of the first nine exons of SMARCAD1 and exon 1 of the skin-specific isoform, it manifested in the typical Basan phenotype. This suggests that unlike the skin-specific isoform, a single copy of full-length SMARCAD1 is sufficient for its respective function. In the second family, whole-exome sequencing revealed a deletion of 12 base pairs spanning the exon‒intron junction of the alternative exon 1 of the skin-specific SMARCAD1 isoform. In conclusion, we report two additional families with Basan syndrome and describe two SMARCAD1 pathogenic variants.
- Published
- 2021
19. T-Cell Adhesion in Healthy and Inflamed Skin
- Author
-
Michael Rosenblum, Victoire Gouirand, and Joshua M. Moreau
- Subjects
regulatory T cell ,HF ,Trm ,DETC ,Review ,DC ,progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ,Extracellular matrix ,DC, dendritic cell ,Th ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Skin ,atopic dermatitis ,hair follicle ,biology ,Cell adhesion molecule ,HF, hair follicle ,leukocyte adhesion deficiency ,Adhesion ,Cell biology ,ECM, extracellular matrix ,Treg ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,RL1-803 ,Selectin ,dendritic cell ,Regulatory T cell ,LAD, leukocyte adhesion deficiency ,extracellular matrix ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Integrin ,JC ,tissue-resident memory ,Treg, regulatory T cell ,dendritic epidermal γδ T cell ,Dermatology ,BM ,Underpinning research ,PML, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ,T helper ,medicine ,DETC, dendritic epidermal γδ T cell ,Th, T helper ,Leukocyte adhesion deficiency ,ECM ,LAD ,PML ,Inflammatory and immune system ,AD ,Dendritic cell ,Trm, tissue-resident memory ,AD, atopic dermatitis ,medicine.disease ,basement membrane ,JC, John Cunningham ,BM, basement membrane ,John Cunningham ,biology.protein - Abstract
The diverse populations of tissue-resident and transitory T cells present in the skin share a common functional need to enter, traverse, and interact with their environment. These processes are largely dependent on the regulated expression of adhesion molecules, such as selectins and integrins, which mediate bidirectional interactions between immune cells and skin stroma. Dysregulation and engagement of adhesion pathways contribute to ectopic T-cell activity in tissues, leading to the initiation and/or exacerbation of chronic inflammation. In this paper, we review how the molecular interactions supported by adhesion pathways contribute to T-cell dynamics and function in the skin. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning T-cell adhesion in inflammatory skin disorders will facilitate the development of novel tissue-specific therapeutic strategies.
- Published
- 2021
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